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Asụsụ Luri

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Asụsụ Luri
asụsụ, modern language
obere ụdị nkeSouthwestern Iranian Dezie
mba/obodoIran Dezie
ụmụ amaala kaLurs, Lorestan Province, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Khuzestan Province Dezie
usoro ederedePersian alphabet Dezie
Ọkwa asụsụ UNESCO5 critically endangered Dezie

Luri (Templeeti:Lang-lrc, Templeeti:Lang-luz) bụ ihe na-aga n'ihu na asụsụ ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Iran nke ndị Lurs, onye Iran na-asụ ndị bi na Western Asia. Olumba Luri sitere na Middle Persian ma bụrụ Central Luri, Bakhtiari,[1] na ndịdaLuri.[1][2] na ndịda Ndịda Bakhtiari na ndịda Lurs (Kohgiluyeh na Boyer-Ahmad, Mamasani, Sepidan, Bandar Ganaveh, Bandar Deylam) na Iran.

Akụkọ ihe mere eme

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Luri [3] asụsụ dị ndụ kacha nso na Archaic na Middle Persian. a sitere na Middle Persian (Parsig). [1] [1] bụ nke Persid ma ọ bụ Southern Zagros, ma na-adị ka okwu ndị Peshia nke oge a, na-adị iche karịsịa na phonology.

ka Encyclopædia Iranica si kwuo, "Asụsụ Lori niile yiri nke ọma Persian ma eleghị anya sitere na ọkwa nke Persian yiri nke ahụ gosipụtara na ederede Persian ọhụrụ e dere na Perso-Arabic. Nanị ihe dị na Lori a na-amaghị na Persian ọhụrụ ma ọ bụ nke a na-esite na ya bụ akara inchoative (lee n'okpuru), ọ bụ ezie na a na-ahụ ya na ederede Judeo-Persian". Asụsụ Bakhtiāri nwere ike ịdị nso na nke Persian. E nwere asụsụ abụọ dị iche iche, Greater Luri (Lor-e bozorg), a.k.a. Southern Luri (gụnyere olumba Bakhtiari), na Lesser Luri (Mgbe-e kuček), a.K.a. Northern Luri.[4]

Ọdịdị ala

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Northern Luri

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[5] Luri (Northern Luri (ma ọ bụ Central Luri), Shuhani na Hinimini) bụ otu asụsụ nke abụọ kachasị ukwuu na mpaghara Ilam (ihe dị ka nke ndị bi na ya), nke a na-asụkarị n'obodo nta ndị dị n'akụkụ ndịda nke mpaghara ahụ.  Ihe [6] ka nke mpaghara Hamadan na-asụ Northern Luri. 

Bakhtiari

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Asụsụ Bakhtiari [7] asụsụ mbụ dị na mpaghara Chaharmahal na Bakhtiari (ihe dị ka ), ma e wezụga gburugburu Sharekord, Borujen, Ben na Saman, ebe asụsụ Persian, Turkic na Chaharmahali na-achịkwa.  Ihe [8] ka nke mpaghara Isfahan na-asụ Bakhtiari. 

Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ

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Ógbè[9] Ndị na-asụ Luri % Ihe odide
Chaharmahal na Bakhtiari 520,000  61.82% Asụsụ Bakhtiyari
Gilan 2,600  0.25%
Hamadan 370,000  21.24% Northern Luri
Ilam 78,300  14.59% Hinimini, Shuhani na Northern Luri
Isfahan 350,000  7.15% Asụsụ Bakhtiyari

Nchịkọta n'ime

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a nwere Central Luri, Bakhtiari, na Southern Luri. A na-asụ Central Luri n'akụkụ ugwu nke obodo Luri gụnyere akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ, etiti na akụkụ ugwu nke mpaghara Luristan, akụkụ ndịda nke mpaghara Hamadan karịsịa na mpaghara Malayer, Nahavand na Tuyserkan, mpaghara ndịda nke Ógbè Ilam na akụkụ ndịda ọwụwa Anyanwụ nke Ógbè Markazi. Ndị Bakhtiari na-eji Bakhtiari eme ihe na South Luristan, Chaharmahal na mpaghara Bakhtiari, mpaghara ndị dị mkpa n'ebe ugwu na n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Khouzestan na mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ nke mpaghara Isfahan. N'ikpeazụ, a na-asụ Southern Luri n'ógbè Kohgiluyeh na Boyer-Ahmad, na mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ na etiti na mpaghara Fars, akụkụ ugwu na ọdịda anyanwụ nke mpaghara Bushehr na mpaghara ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Khouzestan. obodo Luri -agbasa site n'oge ruo n'oge gafee Plateau nke Iran dịka Khorasan (ụmụ Bayranvand na Bakhtiari Luri), mpaghara Kerman, Guilan na Tehran.

Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

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Mkpụrụedemede

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N'ihu Ịlaghachi azụ
N'akụkụ iː uː
ɪ Ọ bụ n'oge ahụ ka a na-akpọ
N'etiti Ọ bụ Ọ bụ n'oge a ka a na-eme ya
Emeghe <span about="#mwt1" class="IPA" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IPAlink","href":"./Template:IPAlink"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"æ"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mw2A" lang="und-fonipa" typeof="mw:Transclusion">æa~æ1 Ọ bụ mgbe ahụ ka a na-ekwu na ọ bụ mgbe a na-akọwa ya
  1. /a/ nwekwara ike iru /æ/ dị elu n'asụsụ Northern.
  • o="#mwt145" class="IPA" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IPAlink","href":"./Template:IPAlink"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"e"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mw5A" lang="und-fonipa" typeof="mw:Transclusion">na pụkwara ịghọta ụdaume /ɛ, ɔ/ dị ka ndị dị nso [e, o] n'ime diphthongs ma Ọ bụ tupu ụda glide.
  • A pụkwara ịnụ /ɛ, ɔ/ dị ka nke dị elu na Southern Luri.
  • /a/ nwekwara ike ibuli dị ka [ə] ma Ọ bụ [ɛ] n'ihu ụdaume.

Mkpụrụ okwu

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Akpụkpọ ahụ Ezé / Alveolar
 Ọkpụkpụ agbà<br id="mw_A"> Palatal Velar Uvular Mkpịsị aka
Kwụsị/Africate
 enweghị olu p t t͡ʃ k q ʔ4
kwuru okwu b d d͡ʒ ɡọ Ọdịdị
Ihe na-esiri ike enweghị olu f s ʃ x2 χ h
kwuru okwu (v) z ʒ ɣ2 Ụkpụrụ3
Ụgbọ imi m n ɲ1
Tap/TrillIhe na-atọ ụtọ ɾ5
Ihe atụ Akụkọ banyere ya l j (w)
  1. /Templeeti:IPAlink/ occurs in Northern Luri.
  2. Velar fricatives /Templeeti:IPAlink, Templeeti:IPAlink/ as equivalent to uvular fricatives /Templeeti:IPAlink, Templeeti:IPAlink/, occur in Northern Luri.
  3. /Templeeti:IPAlink/ occurs in Southern Luri.
  4. /Templeeti:IPAlink/ occurs in Northern Luri, as well as in words borrowed from Persian.
  5. /Templeeti:IPAlink/ can also be heard as a trill [[[:Templeeti:IPAlink]]] in Southern Luri.
  • /h/ na-apụta dị ka glide iji mee ka ụdaume dị mkpirikpi (dịka /oh/; [ɔː]).
  • [w" class="IPA" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IPAlink","href":"./Template:IPAlink"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"v"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwAY0" lang="und-fonipa" typeof="mw:Transclusion">v, w] na-apụta dị ka allophones nke labiodental approximant /ʋ/.[10][11][12]

Okwu

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N'iji ya tụnyere asụsụ ndị ọzọ nke Iran, asụsụ mba ọzọ dị ka Arabic na Turkic emetụtaghị Luri. N'oge ndị a, a na-echekwa ọtụtụ njirimara asụsụ Iran oge ochie ma nwee ike ịhụ ya na ụtọ asụsụ na okwu Luri. Dabere na ọnọdụ dị iche iche nke mpaghara na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na n'ihi mmekọrịta mmekọrịta ogologo oge na agbụrụ ndị gbara ya gburugburu karịsịa Ndị Kurd na Ndị Peshia, asụsụ dị iche iche dị na Luri, n'agbanyeghị njirimara ndị a na-ahụkarị, nwere nnukwu ọdịiche. Asụsụ n[13] dị n'ebe ugwu na-enwekarị ọtụtụ okwu Ndị Kurdish n'ime na asụsụ ndịda (Bakhtiari na Southern Luri) na-enwetakwu okwu ndị e si n'aka Ndị Peshia nweta.

Hụkwa

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  • Bakhtiari dialect
  • Borujerdi dialect
  • Dialects of Fars

Edensibia

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gosipụtara na ederede Persian ọhụrụ e dere na Perso-Arabic. Nanị ihe dị na Lori a na-amaghị na Persian ọhụrụ ma ọ bụ nke a na-esite na ya

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Anonby (July 2003). "Update on Luri: How many languages?". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 13 (2): 171–197. DOI:10.1017/S1356186303003067. 
  2. ↑ Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named R. Fazel 1984
  3. ↑ C.S. Coon, "Iran:Demography and Ethnography" in Encyclopaedia of Islam, Volume IV, E. J. Brill, pp 10,8.
  4. ↑ Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named iranica dialects
  5. ↑ Language distribution: Ilam Province. Iran Atlas. Retrieved on 6 December 2020.
  6. ↑ Language distribution: Hamadan Province. Retrieved on 8 June 2022.
  7. ↑ Language distribution: Chahar Mahal va Bakhtiari Province. Iran Atlas. Retrieved on 6 December 2020.
  8. ↑ Language distribution: Esfahan Province. Retrieved on 8 June 2022.
  9. ↑ Atlas of the languages of Iran. Retrieved on 11 July 2022.
  10. ↑ Anonby (2014). Bakhtiari Studies: Phonology, Text, Lexicon. 
  11. ↑ Anonby (2002). A Phonology of Southern Luri. 
  12. ↑ Amanolahi; Thackston (1987). Tales from Luristan. Harvard Iranian Series, 4: Harvard University Press. 
  13. ↑ Lur - History and Cultural Relations. everyculture.com. Retrieved on 2019-04-14.

Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

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  • [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 2015. Obi na-ekpo ọkụ na ire dị nkọ: Ndụ na 555 Ilu sitere na Ugwu Zagros nke Iran. Vienna: New Academic Press.   ISBN 978-3-7003-1925-2
  • F. Vahman na G. Asatrian, Poetry of the Baxtiārīs: Love Poems, Wedding Songs, Lullabies, Laments, Copenhagen, 1995.[1]

Njikọ mpụga

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Templeeti:Languages of IranTempleeti:Languages of IraqTempleeti:Iranian languages

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