Ịda ogbenye na Japan
| ihu nke | ịda ogbenye  |
|---|---|
| mba/obodo | Japan |
Na Japan, a na-akọwa ịda ogbenye ikwu dị ka steeti nke ego ezinụlọ na-enweta na ma ọ bụ na-erughị ọkara nke ego ezinụlọ na-akpata . [1] Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ OECD si kwuo, ego a na-enweta n'ụlọ na-akwụ ụgwọ n'ụlọ maka Japan bụ US $ 23,458, dị elu karịa nkezi steeti ndị òtù OECD bụ US $ 22,387. [2] N'adịghị ka ọtụtụ mba ndị ọzọ ọgbara ọhụrụ, Japan enweghị usoro ịda ogbenye nke gọọmentị, na-eme ka o sie ike inweta ọnụ ọgụgụ ziri ezi na ndị na-ata ahụhụ ọnọdụ ịda ogbenye. A na-eme atụmatụ na 2006, na-eji nyocha ọnọdụ ọrụ, na 8.2% nke ndị ọrụ oge niile mere obere ihe zuru ezu ka a na-ewere ya dị ka ndị dara ogbenye . N’October 2009, Ministri na-ahụ maka ọrụ na Japan wepụtara akụkọ nke kwuru na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu onye n’ime ndị Japan isii, nke ga-abụ nde mmadụ 22, bi n’ụkọ.
Ministri na-ahụ maka ọdịmma ndị Japan webatara arịrịọ na mmefu ego mba nke afọ 2012 iji wepụta ndepụta ntụaka ịda ogbenye ọhụrụ. Edere arịrịọ a ka ndeksi ọhụrụ nwere ike ịgụnye ihe ndị dị mkpa na-emetụta ịda ogbenye, ya bụ, ahụike, nri, uwe na ọnọdụ ibi ndụ. N'afọ 2013, gọọmentị Japan dekọtara ọnụ ọgụgụ ịda ogbenye 16%. Nke a bụ nke kachasị elu na ndekọ. Nnyocha ọzọ gosiri na 1 n'ime ụmụ nwanyị Japan 3 dị afọ 20–64 na ibi naanị ha bi na ịda ogbenye. Japan nwere ụfọdụ n'ime ọnụ ọgụgụ ụmụaka kasị daa ogbenye na mba ndị mepere emepe, dị ka akụkọ UNICEF si kwuo. Ọ họọrọ Japan nke 34 n'ime mba 41 mepere emepe. Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ Ministry Health Health si kwuo, dị ka nke May 2017, 16% nke ụmụaka Japan bi n'okpuru ịda ogbenye.
Akụkọ na nchoputa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]N'adịghị ka mba ndị ọzọ, ọ bụ naanị ihe ole na ole na-egosi ịda ogbenye ka ndị mmadụ na-ahụ n'agbanyeghị na akụkụ dị ukwuu nke ndị bi na-ebi na ịda ogbenye. [3]
Akụkọ ụlọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]2009
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]N’October 2009, Ministri Na-ahụ Maka Ọrụ na Japan wepụtara akụkọ nke kwuru na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu onye n’ime ndị Japan isii, nke ga-abụ nde mmadụ 22, bi n’ụbịam, na 2007. Mkpughe nke a nwere ihe ijuanya na ihe ijuanya n'etiti ndị Japan. [4]
2013
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]N'afọ 2013, gọọmentị Japan dekọtara ọnụ ọgụgụ ịda ogbenye nke 16% nke akọwara dị ka òkè nke ndị bi na ihe na-erughị ọkara ego etiti mba. Nke a bụ nke kachasị elu na ndekọ. [5]
Ọnụọgụ igwe mmadụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Nnyocha ọzọ gosiri na 1 n'ime ụmụ nwanyị Japan 3 dị afọ 20–64 na ibi naanị ha bi na ịda ogbenye. [6]
Akụkọ mba ụwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ọtụtụ òtù mba ụwa emeela nyocha na ọmụmụ ihe na Japan iji chọpụta ọnụego ịda ogbenye.
Nchọpụta OECD
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]OECD kọrọ na Julaị 2006 na Japan nwere oke ịda ogbenye. Akụkọ OECD ọzọ kwuru na Japan bụ nke abụọ kasị njọ na ịda ogbenye n'etiti mba ndị so na OECD, n'etiti afọ 2000. [1] OECD, n'April 2011, debere Japan na ọnọdụ nke 29 n'ime mba 34 so na ya, na ndepụta pasent nke ndị bi na ịda ogbenye. Ebe pasent 15.7 nke ndị mmadụ dara ogbenye, Japan karịrị nkezi pasentị 11 n'etiti mba ndị so na OECD. 15.7% nke Japan dị elu karịa mba ndị nwere obere akụrụngwa ma na-emepe emepe karịa Japan, ya bụ, Slovak Republic (6.5%), Slovenia (7.2%), na Poland (10.1%) Ọnụ ọgụgụ ịda ogbenye na-abawanye na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị egwu nke 1.3% na Japan kemgbe 1985. Ọnụego ịda ogbenye na-abawanye nkezi bụ 1.0% kwa afọ maka mba ndị ọzọ so na OECD. [3] [7] Akụkọ OECD mere ka Japan dị n'okpuru US, nke nwere nha ịda ogbenye 17.3%, ọnụ ọgụgụ na-egosi na US na-ebelata ịda ogbenye, site na mbelata 0.7% kemgbe 1985. [7]
Japan na-arụ ọrụ ogbenye
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]N'adịghị ka ọtụtụ mba ndị ọzọ ọgbara ọhụrụ, Japan enweghị usoro ịda ogbenye nke gọọmentị, na-eme ka o sie ike inweta ọnụ ọgụgụ ziri ezi na ndị na-ata ahụhụ ọnọdụ ịda ogbenye. Kama Japan na-atụle ịda ogbenye dabere na " ụkpụrụ obibi ndụ kacha nta" gbakọrọ site na iji ego etiti, akara OECD na ihe ndị ọzọ dị iche na mpaghara ruo na mpaghara. N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, a na-eme atụmatụ na n'afọ 2006, mgbe a na-atụle n'otu n'otu site na iji nyocha ọnọdụ ọrụ, na 8.2% nke ndị na-arụ ọrụ oge niile mere obere ihe ka a na-ewere na ha dara ogbenye. Achọpụtala ọtụtụ ihe jikọrọ ya na ndị ogbenye na-arụ ọrụ gụnyere ezinụlọ nwere naanị nne ma ọ bụ nna, adịghị ike nke Sistemụ Enyemaka Ọha, ọrụ anaghị akwụsi ike na ụgwọ ọnwa kacha nta ezughi oke iji kpuchie opekempe ndụ. Ndị ọrụ oge niile na-abụkarị ndị otu ogbenye na-arụ ọrụ ma na-abụkarị nsonaazụ nke ụlọ ọrụ Japan na-ahazigharị ya. Ndị ọrụ a na-abụkarị ndị na-enweghị ebe obibi, na-ebikwa n'akụkụ ndị na-adịghị anya ọha na eze nwere "obodo" ndị a ma ama na-enweghị ebe obibi dị ka Hakenmura, obodo na-enweghị ebe obibi tụnyere onye ọkà mmụta Toru Shinoda na United States Hooverville . Ndị otu n'ime obodo ndị a na-abụkarị ndị ọrụ ụbọchị, bụ ndị site na okike ha bụ ndị ọrụ oge niile. [8] [9] [10]
Ikpe agụụ Saitama
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Na February 20, 2012, ọnwụ nke otu ezinụlọ nke mmadụ atọ sitere na Saitama n'ihi agụụ - ndị agadi di na nwunye na nwa ha nwoke dị afọ 39. Ezinụlọ ahụ enweghị ike ịkwụ ụgwọ ụlọ, ma ebibiela ọkụ eletrik. [7] Enweghị ike ịkwụ ụgwọ maka ikpo ọkụ, a na-enyokwa na hypothermia bụ ihe kpatara ọnwụ ha. [3]
Ụbịam nwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]N'ihe gbasara ụmụaka dara ogbenye na Japan, a na-eme atụmatụ na ụmụaka Japan 3.5 nde - ma ọ bụ otu onye n'ime isii n'ime ndị gbara afọ 17 - bụ ndị ezinụlọ nwere ịda ogbenye, nke OECD kọwara dị ka ndị nwere ego na ma ọ bụ n'okpuru ọkara nke etiti etiti. ego mkpofu mba. [11] Otú ọ dị, dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ Ministri Ahụike Japan si kwuo, dị ka na May 2017, pasent 16 nke ụmụaka Japan bi n'okpuru ịda ogbenye. [12] Japan nwere ụfọdụ n'ime ọnụ ọgụgụ ụmụaka kacha daa ogbenye na mba ndị mepere emepe, dịka akụkọ Unicef wepụtara n'April 2016 nke họọrọ Japan nke 34 n'ime mba 41 mepere emepe. [11] E kwuwokwa na ọ bụ nanị 200,000 n'ime ụmụaka 3.5 ndị dara ogbenye na-enweta nkwado ụmụaka. [11]
Hụkwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Enweghị ebe obibi na Japan
Edensibia
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Rising poverty in Japan, Japan Times.
- ↑ Income, OECD Report.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Poverty in Japan: Shadowy figures | The Economist
- ↑ Japan Tries to Face Up to Growing Poverty Problem (Published 2010). The New York Times. Archived from the original on 19 June 2022.
- ↑ Struggling, The Economist, 4 April 2015.
- ↑ Poverty a growing problem for women, Japan Times.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Poverty in Japan – The Global Intelligence
- ↑ Yuki Sekine (2008). The Rise of Poverty in Japan: The Emergence of the Working Poor. The Japan Institute for Labour Policy and Training. Retrieved on 22 November 2016.
- ↑ Julia Obinger (2009). Working on the Margins: Japan's Precariat and Working Poor. Electronic Journal of Contemporary Japanese Studies. Retrieved on 25 November 2016.
- ↑ Toru Shinoda (2009). Which Side Are You On?: Hakenmura and the Working Poor as a Tipping Point in Japanese Labor Politics. The Asian-Pacific Journal. Retrieved on 25 November 2016.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 "Japan's rising child poverty exposes true cost of two decades of economic decline" The Guardian
- ↑ "In Japan, single mothers struggle with poverty and a ‘culture of shame’" The Washington Post