Tornado
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Un tornado es un columna rotant violentmen de aere que es in contacte con ambi li superficie terric e un nube cumulonimbic o, in casus rar, li base de un nube cumulic. Tis es sovente nominat torsitores o cyclones,[1] benque li parole cyclon es usat in meteorologie, in un sensu large, por nominar alcun apert circulation de pression bass. Tornados have multi formes e dimensiones, ma tis es tipicmen in li forme de un visibil funel condensational, li strett fin de que tucha li terre e es sovente circumdat per un nube de fragmentes e polve. Max mult tornados have rapiditás ventic minu quam 175 km/h, es circa 75 metres large, e dura un poc kilometres ante dissipar. Li max extrem tornados posse atinger rapiditás ventic de plu quam 480 km/h, extende plu quam 3 km in diametre, e remane sur li terre por plu quam 100 km.[2] [3] [4] Tipes varie de tornados include li jetta terric, li tornado de multiplic virles, e li funel marin.
Tornados have esset observat sur omni li continentes except Antarctica. Tamen, li grand majoritá de tornados ocurre in li region del "Stradette de Tornados" del States Unit, benque ili posse ocurrer quasi alcú in America del Nord.[5] Ili anc ocurre alquande in sud-central e oriental Asia, nord e est-central America del Sud, Africa del Sud, Europa del nord-west e sud-est, Australia del west e del sud-est, e Nov Zeland. Tornados posse esser detectet ante o quande ili ocurre per li usu de radar Pulse-Doppler per recognisar arangeamentes in velocitá e reflectivitá, e anc per li eforties de observatores de tempestes.
Hay pluri scalas por evaluation li fort de tornados. Li Scale de Fujita evaluata tornados per damage causat e have esset viceat in alcun paises per li Augementat Scale de Fujita. Un tornado F0 o EF0, li max debil categorie, damagea árbores, ma ne structuras substantial. Un tornado F5 o EF5, li max fort categorie, destructe edificies a lor fundamentes e posse deformar li max alt edificies. Li simil Scale TORRO extende de un T0 por tornados max debil a T11 por li max potent savet tornados.[6] Data de radar Doppler, fotogrammetrie, e lineas spiral sur li terre (marcas cycloid) anc posse esser analisat por determinar li intensitá e assignar un evaluation.[7] [8]
Vide anc
[modificar | redacter fonte]Referenties
[modificar | redacter fonte]- ↑ "merriam-webster.com." merriam-webster.com. Accesset 2012-09-03.
- ↑ Wurman, Joshua (2008-08-29). "Doppler On Wheels." Center for Severe Weather Research. Accesset 2009-12-13.
- ↑ "Hallam Nebraska Tornado." National Weather Service. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: 2005-10-02. Accesset 2009-11-15.
- ↑ Roger Edwards (2006-04-04). "The Online Tornado FAQ." Storm Prediction Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Accesset 2006-09-08.
- ↑ Sid Perkins (2002-05-11). "Tornado Alley, USA." pp. 296–298 Science News. Accesset 2006-09-20.
- ↑ Meaden, Terrance (2004). "Wind Scales: Beaufort, T — Scale, and Fujita's Scale." Tornado and Storm Research Organisation. Accesset 2009-09-11.
- ↑ "Enhanced F Scale for Tornado Damage." Storm Prediction Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: 2007-02-01. Accesset 2009-06-21.
- ↑ Edwards, Roger et al. (May 2013). "Tornado Intensity Estimation: Past, Present, and Future." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. pp. 641-653. Retrieved 2013-12-18.