Pra-Adamit
Hipotesis pra-Adam atau pra-adamisme adalah keyakinan teologi bahwa manusia (atau makhluk non-manusia dan cerdas) telah ada sebelum tokoh kitab suci Adam. Sehingga, pra-adamisme berbeda dari keyakinan Yudeo-Kristen konvensional bahwa Adam adalah manusia pertama. Pendukung hipotesis tersebut dikenal sebagai "pra-Adamit", bersama dengan manusia yang mereka yakini telah ada sebelum Adam.
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Duncan, Isabella (1860). Pre-Adamite man : or, the story of our old planet & its inhabitants, told by Scripture & science.. London : Saunders, Otley, and Co. (Originally published anonymously, but known subsequently that the author was the wife of George John C. Duncan, the son of Henry Duncan.)
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- Frederickson, George M. (1987). The Black Image in the White Mind. Wesleyan University Press. ISBN 0-8195-6188-6
- Graves, Joseph L. (2003). The Emperor's New Clothes: Biological Theories of Race at the Millennium. Newark, NJ: Rutgers University Press. ISBN 0-8135-3302-3
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- Livingstone, David N. (2008). Adam’s ancestors : race, religion, and the politics of human origins. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8813-7.
- Livingstone, David N. (1 March 2011). Adam's Ancestors: Race, Religion, and the Politics of Human Origins. JHU Press. ISBN 978-1-4214-0143-0.
- Popkin, Richard Henry (1987). Isaac La Peyrère (1596-1676): His Life, Work, and Influence. BRILL. ISBN 90-04-08157-7.
- Popkin, Richard Henry (1992). Third Force in Seventeenth-Century Thought. Brill Academic Publishers. ISBN 90-04-09324-9
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- Swain, Carol M. (2002). The New White Nationalism in America: Its Challenge to Integration. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-80886-3
- Almond, Philip C. (1999). Adam and Eve in Seventeenth-Century Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-66076-9
- Barkun, Michael (1996). Religion and the Racist Right: The Origins of the Christian Identity Movement. UNC Press. ISBN 0-8078-4638-4
Pranala luar
[sunting | sunting sumber]- A.J. Maas, "Preadamites", Catholic Encyclopedia (1911) : Catholic view
- "Neanderthal Man: Pre-Adamite, Co-Adamite, or Adamite?" Diarsipkan 2019-07-23 di Wayback Machine., 29 Creation Research Society Quarterly (Mar. 1993) : Protestant creation science view
- Hugh W. Nibley, "Before Adam" Diarsipkan 2007-07-16 di Wayback Machine., Provo, Utah: Maxwell Institute : Latter-day Saint view
