Daftar pemimpin negara tahun 1993
Tampilan
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Berikut ini adalah daftar kepala negara, kepala pemerintahan, dan pemimpin negara lain pada tahun 1993.
Afrika
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Aljazair -
- Kepala Negara - Ali Kafi, Ketua High Dewan Negara Aljazair (1992–1994)
- Perdana Menteri -
- Belaid Abdessalam, Perdana Menteri Aljazair (1992–1993)
- Redha Malek, Perdana Menteri Aljazair (1993–1994)
- Angola -
- Presiden - José Eduardo dos Santos, Presiden Angola (1979–present)
- Perdana Menteri - Marcolino Moco, Perdana Menteri Angola (1992–1996)
- Benin -
- Presiden - Nicéphore Soglo, Presiden Benin (1991–1996)
- Botswana -
- Presiden - Sir Quett Masire, Presiden Botswana (1980–1998)
- Burkina Faso -
- Presiden - Blaise Compaoré, Presiden Burkina Faso (1987–present)
- Perdana Menteri - Youssouf Ouédraogo, Perdana Menteri Burkina Faso (1992–1994)
- Burundi -
- Presiden -
- Pierre Buyoya, Presiden Burundi (1987–1993)
- Melchior Ndadaye, Presiden Burundi (1993)
- François Ngeze, Ketua Committee of Public Salvation of Burundi (1993)
- Sylvie Kinigi, Presiden Burundi sementara (1993–1994)
- Perdana Menteri -
- Adrien Sibomana, Perdana Menteri Burundi (1988–1993)
- Sylvie Kinigi, Perdana Menteri Burundi (1993–1994)
- Presiden -
- Kamerun -
- Presiden - Paul Biya, Presiden Kamerun (1982–present)
- Perdana Menteri - Simon Achidi Achu, Perdana Menteri Kamerun (1992–1996)
- Tanjung Verde -
- Presiden - António Mascarenhas Monteiro, Presiden Tanjung Verde (1991–2001)
- Perdana Menteri - Carlos Veiga, Perdana Menteri Tanjung Verde (1991–2000)
- Republik Afrika Tengah -
- Presiden -
- André Kolingba, Presiden Republik Afrika Tengah (1981–1993)
- Ange-Félix Patassé, Presiden Republik Afrika Tengah (1993–2003)
- Perdana Menteri -
- Presiden -
- Chad -
- Presiden - Idriss Déby, Presiden Chad (1990–present)
- Perdana Menteri -
- Joseph Yodoyman, Perdana Menteri Chad (1992–1993)
- Fidèle Moungar, Perdana Menteri Chad (1993)
- Delwa Kassiré Koumakoye, Perdana Menteri Chad (1993–1995)
- Komoro -
- Presiden - Said Mohamed Djohar, Presiden Komoro (1989–1995)
- Perdana Menteri -
- Ibrahim Halidi, Perdana Menteri Komoro (1993)
- Said Ali Mohamed, Perdana Menteri Komoro (1993)
- Ahmed Ben Cheikh Attoumane, Perdana Menteri Komoro (1993–1994)
- Congo -
- Presiden - Pascal Lissouba, Presiden Congo (1992–1997)
- Perdana Menteri -
- Claude Antoine Dacosta, Perdana Menteri Congo (1992–1993)
- Joachim Yhombi-Opango, Perdana Menteri Congo (1993–1996)
- Pantai Gading -
- Presiden -
- Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Presiden Pantai Gading (1960–1993)
- Henri Konan Bédié, Presiden Pantai Gading (1993–1999)
- Perdana Menteri -
- Alassane Ouattara, Perdana Menteri Pantai Gading (1990–1993)
- Daniel Kablan Duncan, Perdana Menteri Pantai Gading (1993–1999)
- Presiden -
- Jibuti -
- Presiden - Hassan Gouled Aptidon, Presiden Jibuti (1977–1999)
- Perdana Menteri - Barkat Gourad Hamadou, Perdana Menteri Jibuti (1978–2001)
- Mesir -
- Presiden - Hosni Mubarak, Presiden Mesir (1981–2011)
- Perdana Menteri - Atef Sedki, Perdana Menteri Mesir (1986–1996)
- Guinea Khatulistiwa -
- Presiden - Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, Presiden Guinea Khatulistiwa (1979–present)
- Perdana Menteri - Silvestre Siale Bileka, Perdana Menteri Guinea Khatulistiwa (1992–1996)
- Eritrea
- gained independence on 24 May 1993
- Presiden[1] - Isaias Afewerki, Presiden Eritrea (1991–sekarang)
- Ethiopia -
- Presiden - Meles Zenawi, Interim Presiden Ethiopia (1991–1995)
- Perdana Menteri - Tamirat Layne, Perdana Menteri Ethiopia sementara (1991–1995)
- Gabon -
- Presiden - Omar Bongo, Presiden Gabon (1967–2009)
- Perdana Menteri - Casimir Oyé-Mba, Perdana Menteri Gabon (1990–1994)
- Gambia -
- Presiden - Sir Dawda Jawara, Presiden Gambia (1970–1994)
- Ghana
- Presiden - Jerry Rawlings, Presiden Ghana (1981–2001)
- Guinea -
- Presiden - Lansana Conté, Presiden Guinea (1984–2008)
- Guinea-Bissau -
- Kepala Negara - João Bernardo Vieira, Ketua Dewan Negara Guinea-Bissau (1984–1999)
- Perdana Menteri - Carlos Correia, Perdana Menteri Guinea-Bissau (1991–1994)
- Kenya -
- Presiden - Daniel arap Moi, Presiden Kenya (1978–2002)
- Lesotho -
- Penguasa monarki - Letsie III, Raja Lesotho (1990–1995)
- Perdana Menteri -
- Elias Phisoana Ramaema, Ketua Military Council (1991–1993)
- Ntsu Mokhehle, Perdana Menteri Lesotho (1993–1994)
- Liberia -
- Kepala Negara - Amos Sawyer, Presiden Interim Pemerintahan National Unity of Liberia (1990–1994)
- Libya
- De facto Kepala Negara - Muammar Gaddafi, Pemimpin Revolusi Libya (1969–2011)
- Nominal Kepala Negara - Muhammad az-Zanati, Sekretaris Jenderal Kongres Rakyat Libya (1992–2008)
- Kepala Pemerintahan - Abuzed Omar Dorda, Sekretaris Jenderal Komite Rakyat Libya (1990–1994)
- Madagaskar -
- Presiden -
- Didier Ratsiraka, Presiden Madagaskar (1975–1993)
- Albert Zafy, Presiden Madagaskar (1993–1996)
- Perdana Menteri -
- Guy Razanamasy, Perdana Menteri Madagaskar (1991–1993)
- Francisque Ravony, Perdana Menteri Madagaskar (1993–1995)
- Presiden -
- Malawi -
- Presiden - Hastings Banda, Presiden for Life of Malawi (1966–1994)
- Mali -
- Presiden - Alpha Oumar Konaré, Presiden Mali (1992–2002)
- Perdana Menteri -
- Younoussi Touré, Perdana Menteri Mali (1992–1993)
- Abdoulaye Sékou Sow, Perdana Menteri Mali (1993–1994)
- Mauritania -
- Presiden - Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, Presiden Mauritania (1984–2005)
- Perdana Menteri - Sidi Mohamed Ould Boubacar, Perdana Menteri Mauritania (1992–1996)
- Mauritius -
- Presiden - Cassam Uteem, Presiden Mauritius (1992–2002)
- Perdana Menteri - Sir Anerood Jugnauth, Perdana Menteri Mauritius (1982–1995)
- Mayotte (Territorial collectivity of Prancis)
- Prefek -
- Jean-Paul Coste, Prefek Mayotte (1990–1993)
- Jean-Jacques Debacq, Prefek Mayotte (1993–1994)
- Presiden Dewan Jenderal - Younoussa Bamana, Presiden Dewan Jenderal Mayotte (1991–2004)
- Prefek -
- Maroko -
- Penguasa monarki - Hassan II, Raja Maroko (1961–1999)
- Perdana Menteri - Mohammed Karim Lamrani, Perdana Menteri Maroko (1992–1994)
- Western Sahara (negara yang memerdekakan diri yang tidak banyak diakui)
- Presiden - Mohamed Abdelaziz, Presiden Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (1976–sekarang)
- Perdana Menteri -
- Mozambik -
- Presiden - Joaquim Chissano, Presiden Mozambik (1986–2005)
- Perdana Menteri - Mário da Graça Machungo, Perdana Menteri Mozambik (1986–1994)
- Namibia -
- Presiden - Sam Nujoma, Presiden Namibia (1990–2005)
- Perdana Menteri - Hage Geingob, Perdana Menteri Namibia (1990–2002)
- Niger -
- Presiden -
- Ali Saïbou, Presiden Niger (1987–1993)
- Mahamane Ousmane, Presiden Niger (1993–1996)
- Perdana Menteri -
- Amadou Cheiffou, Perdana Menteri Niger (1991–1993)
- Mahamadou Issoufou, Perdana Menteri Niger (1993–1994)
- Presiden -
- Nigeria -
- Kepala Negara -
- Ibrahim Babangida, Presiden Armed Forces Ruling Dewan Nigeria (1985–1993)
- Ernest Shonekan, Interim Presiden Nigeria (1993)
- Sani Abacha, Ketua Provisional Ruling Dewan Nigeria (1993–1998)
- Kepala Negara -
- Rwanda -
- Presiden - Juvénal Habyarimana, Presiden Rwanda (1973–1994)
- Perdana Menteri -
- Dismas Nsengiyaremye, Perdana Menteri Rwanda (1992–1993)
- Agathe Uwilingiyimana, Perdana Menteri Rwanda (1993–1994)
- Saint Helena dan Dependencies (Wilayah Seberang Laut Britania)
- Gubernur - Alan Hoole, Gubernur Saint Helena (1991–1995)
- Sao Tome dan Principe -
- Presiden - Miguel Trovoada, Presiden Sao Tome dan Principe (1991–1995)
- Perdana Menteri - Norberto Costa Alegre, Perdana Menteri Sao Tome dan Principe (1992–1994)
- Senegal -
- Presiden - Abdou Diouf, Presiden Senegal (1981–2000)
- Perdana Menteri - Habib Thiam, Perdana Menteri Senegal (1991–1998)
- Seychelles -
- Presiden - Prancis-Albert René, Presiden Seychelles (1977–2004)
- Sierra Leone -
- Kepala Negara - Valentine Strasser, Ketua Supreme Dewan Negara Sierra Leone (1992–1996)
- Somalia -
- Presiden - vacant (1991–1995)
- Perdana Menteri - Umar Arteh Ghalib, Perdana Menteri Somalia (1991–1997)
- Somaliland (negara pecahan yang tidak diakui)
- Presiden -
- Abdirahman Ahmed Ali Tuur, Presiden Somaliland (1991–1993)
- Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal, Presiden Somaliland (1993–2002)
- Presiden -
- Afrika Selatan -
- Presiden - F. W. de Klerk, Negara Presiden Afrika Selatan (1989–1994)
- Sudan -
- Kepala Negara - Omar al-Bashir, Ketua Revolutionary Command Council for National Salvation of Sudan (1989–sekarang)
- Swaziland -
- Penguasa monarki - Mswati III, Raja Swaziland (1986–present)
- Perdana Menteri -
- Obed Dlamini, Perdana Menteri Swaziland (1989–1993)
- Andreas Fakudze, Perdana Menteri Swaziland sementara (1993)
- Pangeran Jameson Mbilini Dlamini, Perdana Menteri Swaziland (1993–1996)
- Tanzania -
- Presiden - Ali Hassan Mwinyi, Presiden Tanzania (1985–1995)
- Perdana Menteri - John Malecela, Perdana Menteri Tanzania (1990–1994)
- Togo -
- Presiden - Gnassingbé Eyadéma, Presiden Togo (1967–2005)
- Perdana Menteri - Joseph Kokou Koffigoh, Perdana Menteri Togo (1991–1994)
- Tunisia -
- Presiden - Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, Presiden Tunisia (1987–2011)
- Perdana Menteri - Hamed Karoui, Perdana Menteri Tunisia (1989–1999)
- Uganda -
- Presiden - Yoweri Museveni, Presiden Uganda (1986–present)
- Perdana Menteri - George Cosmas Adyebo, Perdana Menteri Uganda (1991–1994)
- Zaire -
- Presiden - Mobutu Sese Seko, Presiden Zaire (1965–1997)
- Kepala Pemerintahan -
- Étienne Tshisekedi, First Negara Komisaris Zaire (1992–1993)
- Faustin Birindwa, First Negara Komisaris Zaire (1993–1994)
- Zambia -
- Presiden - Frederick Chiluba, Presiden Zambia (1991–2002)
- Zimbabwe -
- Presiden - Robert Mugabe, Presiden Zimbabwe (1987–present)
Asia
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Afghanistan -
- Presiden - Burhanuddin Rabbani, Presiden Afghanistan (1992–2001)
- Perdana Menteri - Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, Perdana Menteri Afghanistan (1993–1994)
- Bahrain -
- Penguasa monarki - Sheikh Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa, Emir Bahrain (1961–1999)[2]
- Perdana Menteri - Sheikh Khalifa ibn Salman Al Khalifa, Perdana Menteri Bahrain (1970–present)[3]
- Bangladesh -
- Presiden - Abdur Rahman Biswas, Presiden Bangladesh (1991–1996)
- Perdana Menteri - Khaleda Zia, Perdana Menteri Bangladesh (1991–1996)
- Bhutan -
- Penguasa monarki - Jigme Singye Wangchuck, Raja Bhutan (1972–2006)
- Brunei
- Penguasa monarki - Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan Brunei (1967–sekarang)[4]
- Perdana Menteri - Hassanal Bolkiah, Perdana Menteri Brunei (1984–sekarang)
- Kamboja -
- Negara Kamboja changed into the Kerajaan Kamboja on 24 September 1993
- Ketua Dewan Negara - Chea Sim, Ketua Dewan Negara Kamboja (1992–1993)
- Ketua Supreme National Council - Norodom Sihanouk, Ketua Supreme National Dewan Kamboja (1991–1993)
- Raja - Norodom Sihanouk, Raja Kamboja (1993–2004)
- Perdana Menteris -
- Pangeran Norodom Ranariddh, First Perdana Menteri Kamboja (1993–1997)
- Hun Sen, Second Perdana Menteri Kamboja (1985–sekarang)
- China (People's Republic of China) -
- Pemimpin Partai Komunis- Jiang Zemin, Sekretaris Jenderal Partai Komunis China (1989–2002)
- Presiden -
- Yang Shangkun, Presiden People's Republic of China (1988–1993)
- Jiang Zemin, Presiden People's Republic of China (1993–2003)
- Perdana Menteri - Li Peng, Perdana Menteri People's Republic of China (1987–1998)
- Hong Kong (British dependent territory)
- Gubernur - Chris Patten, Gubernur Hong Kong (1992–1997)
- India -
- Presiden - Shankar Dayal Sharma, Presiden India (1992–1997)
- Perdana Menteri - P. V. Narasimha Rao, Perdana Menteri India (1991–1996)
- Indonesia -
- Presiden - Suharto, Presiden Indonesia (1967–1998)
- Iran -
- Supreme Leader - Ali Khamenei, Pemimpin Tertinggi Iran (1989–sekarang)
- Presiden - Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, Presiden Iran (1989–1997)
- Irak -
- Presiden - Saddam Hussein, Presiden Irak (1979–2003)
- Perdana Menteri -
- Mohammed Amza Zubeidi, Perdana Menteri Irak (1991–1993)
- Ahmad Husayn Khudayir as-Samarrai, Perdana Menteri Irak (1993–1994)
- Israel -
- Presiden -
- Chaim Herzog, Presiden Israel (1983–1993)
- Ezer Weizman, Presiden Israel (1993–2000)
- Perdana Menteri - Yitzhak Rabin, Perdana Menteri Israel (1992–1995)
- Presiden -
- Jepang -
- Penguasa monarki - Akihito, Kaisar Jepang (1989–present)
- Perdana Menteri -
- Kiichi Miyazawa, Perdana Menteri Jepang (1991–1993)
- Morihiro Hosokawa, Perdana Menteri Jepang (1993–1994)
- Yordania -
- Penguasa monarki - Hussein, Raja Yordania (1952–1999)
- Perdana Menteri -
- Zaid ibn Shaker, Perdana Menteri Yordania (1991–1993)
- Abdelsalam al-Majali, Perdana Menteri Yordania (1993–1995)
- Kampuchea -
- see under Kamboja
- Kazakhstan -
- Presiden - Nursultan Nazarbayev, Presiden Kazakhstan (1990–sekarang)[5]
- Perdana Menteri - Sergey Tereshchenko, Perdana Menteri Kazakhstan (1991–1994)
- Korea Utara (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) -
- Pemimpin Partai Komunis - Kim Il-sung, Sekretaris Jenderal Korean Workers' Party (1948–1994)
- Presiden - Kim Il-sung, Presiden Korea Utara (1972–1994)
- Ketua National Defense Commission - Kim Jong-il, Ketua Komisi Pertahanan Nasional Korea Utara (1993–2011)[6]
- Perdana Menteri - Kang Song-san, Perdana Menteri Korea Utara (1992–1997)
- Korea Selatan (Republic of Korea) -
- Presiden -
- Roh Tae-woo, Presiden Korea Selatan (1988–1993)
- Kim Young-sam, Presiden Korea Selatan (1993–1998)
- Perdana Menteri -
- Hyun Soong Jong, Perdana Menteri Korea Selatan (1992–1993)
- Hwang In Sung, Perdana Menteri Korea Selatan (1993)
- Lee Hoi-chang, Perdana Menteri Korea Selatan (1993–1994)
- Presiden -
- Kuwait -
- Penguasa monarki - Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, Emir Kuwait (1977–2006)[7]
- Perdana Menteri - Sheikh Saad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah, Perdana Menteri Kuwait (1978–2003)[7]
- Kirgizstan -
- Presiden - Askar Akayev, Presiden Kirgizstan (1990–2005)[8]
- Perdana Menteri -
- Tursunbek Chyngyshev, Perdana Menteri Kirgizstan (1992–1993)
- Almanbet Matubraimov, Perdana Menteri Kirgizstan sementara (1993)
- Apas Jumagulov, Perdana Menteri Kirgizstan (1993–1998)
- Laos -
- Pemimpin Partai Komunis - Khamtai Siphandon, Sekretaris Jenderal Partai Revolusioner Rakyat Lao (1992–2006)
- Presiden - Nouhak Phoumsavanh, Presiden Laos (1992–1998)
- Perdana Menteri - Khamtai Siphandon, Ketua Dewan Menteri Laos (1991–1998)
- Lebanon -
- Presiden - Elias Hrawi, Presiden Lebanon (1989–1998)
- Perdana Menteri - Rafic Hariri, Perdana Menteri Lebanon (1992–1998)
- Macau (overseas province of Portugal)
- Gubernur - Vasco Joaquim Rocha Vieira, Gubernur Macau (1991–1999)
- Malaysia -
- Penguasa monarki - Sultan Azlan Shah, Yang di-Pertuan Agong dari Malaysia (1989–1994)
- Perdana Menteri - Mahathir Mohamad, Perdana Menteri Malaysia (1981–2003)
- Maladewa -
- Presiden - Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, Presiden Maladewa (1978–2008)
- Mongolia -
- Presiden - Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat, Presiden Mongolia (1990–1997)
- Perdana Menteri - Puntsagiin Jasrai, Perdana Menteri Mongolia (1992–1996)
- Myanmar -
- Kepala Negara - Than Shwe, Ketua Negara Law dan Order Restoration Dewan Myanmar (1992–2011)
- Perdana Menteri - Than Shwe, Perdana Menteri Myanmar (1992–2003)
- Nepal -
- Penguasa monarki - Birendra, Raja Nepal (1972–2001)
- Perdana Menteri - Girija Prasad Koirala, Perdana Menteri Nepal (1991–1994)
- Oman -
- Penguasa monarki - Qaboos bin Said al Said, Sultan Oman (1970–sekarang)
- Perdana Menteri - Qaboos bin Said al Said, Perdana Menteri Oman (1972–sekarang)
- Pakistan -
- Presiden -
- Ghulam Ishaq Khan, Presiden Pakistan (1988–1993)
- Wasim Sajjad, Presiden Pakistan sementara (1993)
- Farooq Leghari, Presiden Pakistan (1993–1997)
- Perdana Menteri -
- Nawaz Sharif, Perdana Menteri Pakistan (1990–1993)
- Balakh Sher Mazari, Perdana Menteri Pakistan (1993)
- Nawaz Sharif, Perdana Menteri Pakistan (1993)
- Moeenuddin Ahmad Qureshi, Perdana Menteri Pakistan (1993)
- Benazir Bhutto, Perdana Menteri Pakistan (1993–1996)
- Presiden -
- Filipina -
- Presiden - Fidel V. Ramos, Presiden Filipina (1992–1998)
- Qatar -
- Penguasa monarki - Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, Emir Qatar (1972–1995)
- Perdana Menteri - Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, Perdana Menteri Qatar (1970–1995)[9]
- Arab Saudi
- Penguasa monarki - Fahd, Raja Arab Saudi (1982–2005)
- Perdana Menteri - Fahd, Perdana Menteri Arab Saudi (1982–2005)
- Singapura -
- Presiden -
- Wee Kim Wee, Presiden Singapura (1985–1993)
- Ong Teng Cheong, Presiden Singapura (1993–1999)
- Perdana Menteri - Goh Chok Tong, Perdana Menteri Singapura (1990–2004)
- Presiden -
- Sri Lanka -
- Presiden -
- Ranasinghe Premadasa, Presiden Sri Lanka (1989–1993)
- Dingiri Banda Wijetunga, Presiden Sri Lanka (1993–1994)
- Perdana Menteri -
- Dingiri Banda Wijetunga, Perdana Menteri Sri Lanka (1989–1993)
- Ranil Wickremasinghe, Perdana Menteri Sri Lanka (1993–1994)
- Presiden -
- Suriah -
- Presiden - Hafez al-Assad, Presiden Suriah (1971–2000)
- Perdana Menteri - Mahmoud Zuabi, Perdana Menteri Suriah (1987–2000)
- Taiwan (Republic of China) -
- Presiden - Lee Teng-hui, Presiden Republic of China (1988–2000)
- Perdana Menteri -
- Hau Pei-tsun, Presiden Executive Yuan of Republic of China (1990–1993)
- Lien Chan, Presiden Executive Yuan of Republic of China (1993–1997)
- Tajikistan -
- Presiden - Emomali Rahmonov, Presiden Tajikistan (1992–sekarang)
- Perdana Menteri -
- Abdumalik Abdullajanov, Perdana Menteri Tajikistan (1992–1993)
- Abdujalil Samadov, Perdana Menteri Tajikistan (1993–1994)
- Thailand -
- Penguasa monarki - Bhumibol Adulyadej, Raja Thailand (1946–sekarang)
- Perdana Menteri - Chuan Leekpai, Perdana Menteri Thailand (1992–1995)
- Turki -
- Presiden -
- Turgut Özal, Presiden Turki (1989–1993)
- Hüsamettin Cindoruk, Presiden Turki sementara (1993)
- Süleyman Demirel, Presiden Turki (1993–2000)
- Perdana Menteri -
- Süleyman Demirel, Perdana Menteri Turki (1991–1993)
- Erdal İnönü, Perdana Menteri Turki sementara (1993)
- Tansu Çiller, Perdana Menteri Turki (1993–1996)
- Presiden -
- Turkmenistan -
- Presiden - Saparmurat Niyazov, Presiden Turkmenistan (1990–2006)[10]
- Uni Emirat Arab -
- Presiden - Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, Presiden Uni Emirat Arab (1971–2004)
- Perdana Menteri - Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Perdana Menteri Uni Emirat Arab (1990–2006)
- Uzbekistan -
- Presiden - Islam Karimov, Presiden Uzbekistan (1990–sekarang)[11]
- Perdana Menteri - Abdulhashim Mutalov, Perdana Menteri Uzbekistan (1992–1995)
- Vietnam -
- Pemimpin Partai Komunis - Đỗ Mười, Sekretaris Jenderal Partai Komunis Vietnam (1991–1997)
- Presiden - Lê Đức Anh, Presiden Vietnam (1992–1997)
- Perdana Menteri - Võ Văn Kiệt, Perdana Menteri Vietnam (1991–1997)
- Yaman -
- Presiden - Ali Abdullah Saleh, Presiden Yaman (1978–2012)[12]
- Perdana Menteri - Haidar Abu Bakr al-Attas, Perdana Menteri Yaman (1990–1994)
Eropa
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Albania -
- Presiden - Sali Berisha, Presiden Albania (1992–1997)
- Perdana Menteri - Aleksander Meksi, Perdana Menteri Albania (1992–1997)
- Andorra -
- Penguasa monarki -
- Pangeran Bersama Prancis - François Mitterrand, Pangeran Bersama Prancis Andorra (1981–1995)
- Perwakilan -
- Jean-Pierre Courtois (1989–1993)
- Jean-Yves Caullet (1993–1997)
- Perwakilan -
- Pangeran Bersama Episkopal - Joan Martí i Alanis, Pangeran Bersama Episkopal Andorra (1971–2003)
- Perwakilan -
- Prancissc Badia i Batalla (1972–1993)
- Nemesi Marqués Oste (1993–2012)
- Perwakilan -
- Pangeran Bersama Prancis - François Mitterrand, Pangeran Bersama Prancis Andorra (1981–1995)
- Perdana Menteri - Òscar Ribas Reig, Kepala Pemerintahan Andorra (1990–1994)
- Penguasa monarki -
- Armenia -
- Presiden - Levon Ter-Petrosyan, Presiden Armenia (1990–1998)[13]
- Perdana Menteri -
- Khosrov Harutyunyan, Perdana Menteri Armenia (1992–1993)
- Hrant Bagratyan, Perdana Menteri Armenia (1993–1996)
- Austria -
- Presiden - Thomas Klestil, Presiden Federal Austria (1992–2004)
- Kanselir - Franz Vranitzky, Kanselir Federal Austria (1986–1997)
- Azerbaijan -
- Presiden -
- Abulfaz Elchibey, Presiden Azerbaijan (1992–1993)
- Heydar Aliyev, Presiden Azerbaijan (1993–2003)
- Perdana Menteri -
- Rahim Huseynov, Perdana Menteri Azerbaijan (1992–1993)
- Ali Masimov, Perdana Menteri Azerbaijan (1993)
- Panakh Huseynov, Perdana Menteri Azerbaijan (1993)
- Suret Huseynov, Perdana Menteri Azerbaijan (1993–1994)
- Nagorno-Karabakh (negara pecahan yang tidak diakui)
- Kepala Negara -
- Perdana Menteri - Robert Kocharyan, Perdana Menteri Nagorno-Karabakh (1992–1994)
- Presiden -
- Belarus -
- Kepala Negara - Stanislau Shushkevich, Ketua Supreme Soviet of Republic of Belarus (1991–1994)
- Perdana Menteri - Vyachaslau Kebich, Ketua Dewan Menteri Belarus (1990–1994)[14]
- Belgia -
- Penguasa monarki -
- Baudouin, Raja Belgia (1951–1993)
- Dehaene government, Kepala Negara Belgia sementara (1993)
- Albert II, Raja Belgia (1993–present)
- Perdana Menteri - Jean-Luc Dehaene, Perdana Menteri Belgia (1992–1999)
- Penguasa monarki -
- Bosnia dan Herzegovina -
- Presiden - Alija Izetbegović, Presiden Bosnia dan Herzegovina (1990–1996)[15]
- Perdana Menteri -
- Mile Akmadžić, Perdana Menteri Bosnia dan Hercegovina (1992–1993)
- Haris Silajdžić, Perdana Menteri Bosnia dan Hercegovina (1993–1996)
- Bulgaria -
- Presiden - Zhelyu Zhelev, Presiden Bulgaria (1990–1997)
- Perdana Menteri - Lyuben Berov, Perdana Menteri Bulgaria (1992–1994)
- Kroasia -
- Presiden - Franjo Tuđman, Presiden Kroasia (1990–1999)[16]
- Perdana Menteri -
- Hrvoje Šarinić, Presiden Pemerintahan Kroasia (1992–1993)
- Nikica Valentić, Presiden Pemerintahan Kroasia (1993–1995)
- Republic of Serbian Krajina (negara pecahan yang tidak diakui)
- Presiden - Goran Hadžić, Presiden Serbian Krajina (1992–1994)
- Perdana Menteri -
- Zdravko Zecevic, Perdana Menteri Serbian Krajina (1992–1993)
- Djordje Bjegovic, Perdana Menteri Serbian Krajina (1993–1994)
- Siprus -
- Presiden -
- George Vasiliou, Presiden Siprus (1988–1993)
- Glafcos Clerides, Presiden Siprus (1993–2003)
- Siprus Utara (negara pecahan yang tidak diakui)
- Presiden - Rauf Denktaş, Presiden Siprus Utara (1975–2005)
- Perdana Menteri - Derviş Eroğlu, Perdana Menteri Siprus Utara (1985–1994)
- Presiden -
- Republik Ceko -
- the Czech Socialist Republic gained independence on 1 January 1993 with the dissolution of Czech dan Slovak Federal Republic
- Presiden - Václav Havel, Presiden Republik Ceko (1993–2003)
- Perdana Menteri - Václav Klaus, Perdana Menteri Republik Ceko (1992–1997)
- Denmark
- Penguasa monarki - Margrethe II, Ratu Denmark (1972–sekarang)
- Perdana Menteri -
- Poul Schlüter, Perdana Menteri Denmark (1982–1993)
- Poul Nyrup Rasmussen, Perdana Menteri Denmark (1993–2001)
- Estonia -
- Presiden - Lennart Meri, Presiden Estonia (1992–2001)
- Perdana Menteri - Mart Laar, Perdana Menteri Estonia (1992–1994)
- Finlandia -
- Presiden - Mauno Koivisto, Presiden Finlandia, (1982–1994)
- Perdana Menteri - Esko Aho, Perdana Menteri Finlandia, (1991–1995)
- Prancis -
- Presiden - François Mitterrand, Presiden Prancis (1981–1995)
- Perdana Menteri -
- Pierre Bérégovoy, Perdana Menteri Prancis (1992–1993)
- Édouard Balladur, Perdana Menteri Prancis (1993–1995)
- Georgia -
- Kepala Negara - Eduard Shevardnadze, Ketua Parliament of Georgia (1992–2003)
- Perdana Menteri -
- Tengiz Sigua, Perdana Menteri Georgia (1992–1993)
- Eduard Shevardnadze, Perdana Menteri Georgia sementara (1993)
- Otar Patsatsia, Perdana Menteri Georgia (1993–1995)
- Abkhazia (negara pecahan yang tidak diakui)
- Kepala Negara - Vladislav Ardzinba, Ketua parliament of Abkhazia (1990–2005)[17]
- Perdana Menteri -
- Vazha Zarandia, Perdana Menteri Abkhazia (1992–1993)
- Sokrat Jinjolia, Perdana Menteri Abkhazia (1993–1994)
- Ossetia Selatan (negara pecahan yang tidak diakui)
- Kepala Negara -
- Torez Kulumbegov, Ketua Supreme Dewan Ossetia Selatan (1991–1993)
- Lyudvig Chibirov, Ketua Supreme Dewan Ossetia Selatan (1993–2001)
- Perdana Menteri -
- Oleg Teziev, Perdana Menteri Ossetia Selatan (1991–1993)
- Gerasim Khugavey, Perdana Menteri Ossetia Selatan (1993–1994)
- Kepala Negara -
- Jerman -
- Presiden - Richard von Weizsäcker, Presiden Federal Jerman (1984–1994)[18]
- Kanselir - Helmut Kohl, Kanselir Federal Jerman (1982–1998)[19]
- Yunani -
- Presiden - Konstantinos Karamanlis, Presiden Yunani (1990–1995)
- Perdana Menteri -
- Konstantinos Mitsotakis, Perdana Menteri Yunani (1990–1993)
- Andreas Papandreou, Perdana Menteri Yunani (1993–1996)
- Hungaria -
- Presiden - Árpád Göncz, Presiden Hungaria (1990–2000)
- Perdana Menteri -
- József Antall, Perdana Menteri Hungaria (1990–1993)
- Péter Boross, Perdana Menteri Hungaria (1993–1994)
- Tanah Es -
- Presiden - Vigdís Finnbogadóttir, Presiden Tanah Es (1980–1996)
- Perdana Menteri - Davíð Oddsson, Perdana Menteri Tanah Es (1991–2004)
- Irlandia -
- Presiden - Mary Robinson, Presiden Irlandia (1990–1997)
- Perdana Menteri - Albert Reynolds, Taoiseach dari Irlandia (1992–1994)
- Italia -
- Presiden - Oscar Luigi Scalfaro, Presiden Italia (1992–1999)
- Perdana Menteri -
- Giuliano Amato, Presiden Dewan Menteri Italia (1992–1993)
- Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, Presiden Dewan Menteri Italia (1993–1994)
- Latvia -
- Presiden -
- Anatolijs Gorbunovs, Presiden Latvia (1988–1993)[20]
- Guntis Ulmanis, Presiden Latvia (1993–1999)
- Perdana Menteri -
- Ivars Godmanis, Perdana Menteri Latvia (1990–1993)[20]
- Valdis Birkavs, Perdana Menteri Latvia (1993–1994)
- Presiden -
- Liechtenstein -
- Penguasa monarki - Hans-Adam II, Pangeran Liechtenstein (1989–present)
- Perdana Menteri -
- Hans Brunhart, Kepala Pemerintahan Liechtenstein (1978–1993)
- Markus Büchel, Kepala Pemerintahan Liechtenstein (1993)
- Mario Frick, Kepala Pemerintahan Liechtenstein (1993–2001)
- Lithuania -
- Presiden - Algirdas Brazauskas, Presiden Lithuania (1992–1998)
- Perdana Menteri -
- Bronislovas Lubys, Perdana Menteri Lithuania (1992–1993)
- Adolfas Šleževičius, Perdana Menteri Lithuania (1993–1996)
- Luksemburg -
- Penguasa monarki - Jean, Adipati Agung Luksemburg (1964–2000)
- Perdana Menteri - Jacques Santer, Perdana Menteri Luksemburg (1984–1995)
- Makedonia -
- Presiden - Kiro Gligorov, Presiden Makedonia (1991–1999)
- Perdana Menteri - Branko Crvenkovski, Perdana Menteri Makedonia (1992–1998)
- Malta -
- Presiden - Ċensu Tabone, Presiden Malta (1989–1994)
- Perdana Menteri - Eddie Fenech Adami, Perdana Menteri Malta (1987–1996)
- Moldova -
- Presiden - Mircea Snegur, Presiden Moldova (1989–1997)[21]
- Perdana Menteri - Andrei Sangheli, Perdana Menteri Moldova (1992–1997)
- Gagauzia (negara pecahan yang tidak diakui)
- Presiden - Stepan Topal, Presiden Gagauzia (1990–1995)
- Transnistria (negara pecahan yang tidak diakui)
- Presiden - Igor Smirnov, Presiden Transnistria (1990–2011)[22]
- Monako -
- Penguasa monarki - Rainier III, Pangeran Monako (1949–2005)
- Kepala Pemerintahan - Jaques Dupont, Menteri Negara Monako (1991–1994)
- Kerajaan Belanda
- Penguasa monarki - Beatrix, Ratu Belanda (1980–sekarang)
- Belanda (negara konstituen)
- Perdana Menteri - Ruud Lubbers, Perdana Menteri Belanda (1982–1994)
- Belanda Antilles (negara konstituen)
- see under North America
- Aruba (negara konstituen)
- see under North America
- Norwegia -
- Penguasa monarki - Harald V, Raja Norwegia (1991–present)
- Perdana Menteri - Gro Harlem Brundtland, Perdana Menteri Norwegia (1990–1996)
- Polandia -
- Presiden - Lech Wałęsa, Presiden Polandia (1990–1995)
- Perdana Menteri -
- Hanna Suchocka, Ketua Dewan Menteri Polandia (1992–1993)
- Waldemar Pawlak, Ketua Dewan Menteri Polandia (1993–1995)
- Portugal -
- Presiden - Mário Soares, Presiden Portugal (1986–1996)
- Perdana Menteri - Aníbal Cavaco Silva, Perdana Menteri Portugal (1985–1995)
- Romania -
- Presiden - Ion Iliescu, Presiden Romania (1989–1996)
- Perdana Menteri - Nicolae Văcăroiu, Perdana Menteri Romania (1992–1996)
- Rusia -
- Presiden - Boris Yeltsin, Presiden Rusia (1990–1999)[23]
- Perdana Menteri - Viktor Chernomyrdin, Ketua Pemerintahan Rusia (1992–1998)
- Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (negara pecahan yang tidak diakui)
- Presiden - Dzhokhar Dudayev, Presiden Ichkeria (1991–1996)
- San Marino -
- Captains Wali -
- Romeo Morri dan Marino Zanotti, Captains Wali San Marino (1992–1993)
- Patrizia Busignani dan Salvatore Tonelli, Captains Wali San Marino (1993)
- Gian Luigi Berti dan Paride Andreoli, Captains Wali San Marino (1993–1994)
- Captains Wali -
- Slowakia -
- the Slovak Socialist Republic gained independence on 1 January 1993 with the dissolution of Czech dan Slovak Federal Republic
- Presiden -
- Vladimír Mečiar, Presiden Slowakia sementara (1993)
- Michal Kováč, Presiden Slowakia (1993–1998)
- Perdana Menteri - Vladimír Mečiar, Perdana Menteri Slowakia (1992–1994)
- Slovenia -
- Presiden - Milan Kučan, Presiden Slovenia (1990–2002)[24]
- Perdana Menteri - Janez Drnovšek, Perdana Menteri Slovenia (1992–2000)
- Spanyol -
- Penguasa monarki - Juan Carlos I, Raja Spanyol (1975–sekarang)
- Perdana Menteri - Felipe González, Presiden Pemerintahan Spanyol (1982–1996)
- Swedia -
- Penguasa monarki - Carl XVI Gustaf, Raja Swedia (1973–present)
- Perdana Menteri - Carl Bildt, Perdana Menteri Swedia (1991–1994)
- Swiss -
- Swiss Federal Council:[25]
- René Felber (1987–1993), Otto Stich (1983–1995), Jean-Pascal Delamuraz (1983–1998), Arnold Koller (1986–1999), Flavio Cotti (1986–1999), Adolf Ogi (1987–2000, Presiden), Kaspar Villiger (1989–2003)
- Swiss Federal Council:[25]
- Ukraina -
- Presiden - Leonid Kravchuk, Presiden Ukraina (1990–1994)[26]
- Perdana Menteri -
- Leonid Kuchma, Perdana Menteri Ukraina (1992–1993)
- Yukhym Zvyahilsky, Perdana Menteri Ukraina sementara (1993–1994)
- Britania Raya -
- Penguasa monarki - Elizabeth II, Ratu Britania Raya (1952–present)
- Perdana Menteri - John Major, Perdana Menteri Britania Raya (1990–1997)
- Guernsey (Dependensi mahkota Britania]])
- Gubernur-Letnan - Sir Michael Wilkins, Gubernur-Letnan Guernsey (1990–1994)
- Bailiff - Sir Graham Dorey, Bailiff of Guernsey (1992–1999)
- Jersey (Dependensi mahkota Britania]])
- Gubernur-Letnan - Sir John Sutton, Gubernur-Letnan Jersey (1990–1995)
- Bailiff - Sir Peter Crill, Bailiff of Jersey (1986–1995)
- Pulau Man (Dependensi mahkota Britania]])
- Gubernur-Letnan - Sir Laurence Jones, Gubernur-Letnan Man (1990–1995)
- Chief minister - Miles Walker, Menteri Utama Pulau Man (1986–1996)
- Gibraltar (British dependent territory)
- Gubernur -
- Sir Derek Reffell, Gubernur Gibraltar (1989–1993)
- Sir John Chapple, Gubernur Gibraltar (1993–1995)
- Menteri Utama - Joe Bossano, Menteri Utama Gibraltar (1988–1996)
- Gubernur -
- Kota Vatikan
- Penguasa monarki - Paus John Paul II, Pemimpin Kota Vatikan (1978–2005)
- Presiden Kegubernuran - Rosalio Lara, Presiden Kegubernuran Kota Vatikan (1990–1997)
- Takhta Suci
- Sekretaris Negara - Angelo Sodano, Kardinal Sekretaris Negara (1990–2006)
- Yugoslavia -
- Presiden -
- Dobrica Ćosić, Presiden Yugoslavia (1992–1993)
- Miloš Radulović, Presiden Yugoslavia sementara (1993)
- Zoran Lilić, Presiden Yugoslavia (1993–1997)
- Perdana Menteri -
- Milan Panić, Perdana Menteri Yugoslavia (1992–1993)
- Radoje Kontić, Perdana Menteri Yugoslavia (1993–1998)
- Republic of Kosova (negara pecahan yang tidak diakui)
- Presiden - Ibrahim Rugova, Presiden Republic of Kosova (1992–2000)
- Perdana Menteri - Bujar Bukoshi, Perdana Menteri Republic of Kosova (1991–2000)
- Presiden -
Amerika Utara
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Anguilla (British dependent territory)
- Gubernur - Alan Shave, Gubernur Anguilla (1992–1995)
- Menteri Utama - Emile Gumbs, Menteri Utama Anguilla (1984–1994)
- Antigua dan Barbuda -
- Penguasa monarki - Elizabeth II, Ratu Antigua dan Barbuda (1981–sekarang)
- Gubernur-Jenderal -
- Sir Wilfred Jacobs, Gubernur-Jenderal Antigua dan Barbuda (1967–1993)[27]
- Sir James Carlisle, Gubernur-Jenderal Antigua dan Barbuda (1993–2007)
- Perdana Menteri - Vere Bird, Perdana Menteri Antigua dan Barbuda (1976–1994)[28]
- Aruba (negara konstituen)
- Gubernur - Olindo Koolman, Gubernur Aruba (1992–2004)
- Perdana Menteri - Nelson Oduber, Perdana Menteri Aruba (1989–1994)
- Bahama -
- Penguasa monarki - Elizabeth II, Ratu Bahama (1973–sekarang)
- Gubernur-Jenderal - Sir Clifford Darling, Gubernur-Jenderal Bahama (1992–1995)
- Perdana Menteri - Hubert Ingraham, Perdana Menteri Bahama (1992–2002)
- Barbados -
- Penguasa monarki - Elizabeth II, Ratu Barbados (1966–sekarang)
- Gubernur-Jenderal - Dame Nita Barrow, Gubernur-Jenderal Barbados (1990–1995)
- Perdana Menteri - Lloyd Erskine Sandiford, Perdana Menteri Barbados (1987–1994)
- Belize -
- Penguasa monarki - Elizabeth II, Ratu Belize (1981–sekarang)
- Gubernur-Jenderal -
- Dame Elmira Minita Gordon, Gubernur-Jenderal Belize (1981–1993)
- Colville Young, Gubernur-Jenderal Belize (1993–sekarang)
- Perdana Menteri -
- George Cadle Price, Perdana Menteri Belize (1989–1993)
- Manuel Esquivel, Perdana Menteri Belize (1993–1998)
- Bermuda (British dependent territory)
- Gubernur - David Waddington, Baron Waddington, Gubernur Bermuda (1992–1997)
- Perdana Menteri - Sir John Swan, Perdana Menteri Bermuda (1982–1995)
- Kepulauan Virgin Britania (British dependent territory)
- Gubernur - Peter Alfred Penfold, Gubernur Kepulauan Virgin Britania (1991–1995)
- Menteri Utama - Lavity Stoutt, Menteri Utama Kepulauan Virgin Britania (1986–1995)
- Kanada -
- Penguasa monarki - Elizabeth II, Ratu Kanada (1952–present)
- Gubernur-Jenderal - Ray Hnatyshyn, Gubernur-Jenderal Kanada (1989–1995)
- Perdana Menteri -
- Brian Mulroney, Perdana Menteri Kanada (1984–1993)
- Kim Campbell, Perdana Menteri Kanada (1993)
- Jean Chrétien, Perdana Menteri Kanada (1993–2003)
- Kepulauan Cayman (British dependent territory)
- Gubernur - Michael Edward John Gore, Gubernur Kepulauan Cayman (1992–1995)
- Kepala Pemerintahan - Thomas Jefferson, Pemimpin Bisnis Pemerintahan of Kepulauan Cayman (1992–1994)
- Kosta Rika -
- Presiden - Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier, Presiden Kosta Rika (1990–1994)
- Kuba
- Pemimpin Partai Komunis - Fidel Castro, First secretary of Partai Komunis Kuba (1965–2011)
- Presiden - Fidel Castro, Presiden Dewan Negara Kuba (1976–2008)
- Perdana Menteri - Fidel Castro, Presiden Dewan Menteri Kuba (1959–2008)
- Dominika -
- Presiden -
- Sir Clarence Seignoret, Presiden Dominika (1983–1993)
- Crispin Sorhaindo, Presiden Dominika (1993–1998)
- Perdana Menteri - Dame Eugenia Charles, Perdana Menteri Dominika (1980–1995)
- Presiden -
- Republik Dominika -
- Presiden - Joaquín Balaguer, Presiden Republik Dominika (1986–1996)
- El Salvador -
- Presiden - Alfredo Cristiani, Presiden El Salvador (1989–1994)
- Grenada -
- Penguasa monarki - Elizabeth II, Ratu Grenada (1974–sekarang)
- Gubernur-Jenderal - Sir Reginald Palmer, Gubernur-Jenderal Grenada (1992–1996)
- Perdana Menteri - Nicholas Brathwaite, Perdana Menteri Grenada (1990–1995)
- Guatemala -
- Presiden -
- Jorge Serrano Elías, Presiden Guatemala (1991–1993)
- Gustavo Adolfo Espina Salguero, Presiden Guatemala (1993)
- Ramiro de León Carpio, Presiden Guatemala (1993–1996)
- Presiden -
- Haiti -
- Presiden -
- Marc Bazin, Presiden Haiti sementara (1992–1993)
- Jean-Bertrand Aristide, Presiden Haiti (1993–1994)
- Perdana Menteri -
- Marc Bazin, Perdana Menteri Haiti (1992–1993)
- Robert Malval, Perdana Menteri Haiti (1993–1994)
- Presiden -
- Honduras -
- Presiden - Rafael Leonardo Callejas Romero, Presiden Honduras (1990–1994)
- Jamaika -
- Penguasa monarki - Elizabeth II, Ratu Jamaika (1962–sekarang)
- Gubernur-Jenderal - Sir Howard Cooke, Gubernur-Jenderal Jamaika (1991–2006)
- Perdana Menteri - P. J. Patterson, Perdana Menteri Jamaika (1992–2006)
- Meksiko -
- Presiden - Carlos Salinas de Gortari, Presiden Meksiko (1988–1994)
- Montserrat (British dependent territory)
- Gubernur -
- David G. P. Taylor, Gubernur Montserrat (1990–1993)
- Frank Savage, Gubernur Montserrat (1993–1997)
- Menteri Utama - Reuben Meade, Menteri Utama Montserrat (1991–1996)
- Gubernur -
- Belanda Antilles (negara konstituen)
- Gubernur - Jaime Saleh, Gubernur Belanda Antilles (1990–2002)
- Perdana Menteri -
- Nikaragua -
- Presiden - Violeta Chamorro, Presiden Nikaragua (1990–1997)
- Panama -
- Presiden - Guillermo Endara, Presiden Panama (1989–1994)
- Saint Kitts dan Nevis -
- Penguasa monarki - Elizabeth II, Ratu Saint Kitts dan Nevis (1983–sekarang)
- Gubernur-Jenderal - Sir Clement Arrindell, Gubernur-Jenderal Saint Kitts dan Nevis (1981–1995)[29]
- Perdana Menteri - Kennedy Simmonds, Perdana Menteri Saint Kitts dan Nevis (1980–1995)[30]
- Saint Lucia -
- Penguasa monarki - Elizabeth II, Ratu Saint Lucia (1979–sekarang)
- Gubernur-Jenderal - Sir Stanislaus A. James, Gubernur-Jenderal Saint Lucia (1988–1996)
- Perdana Menteri - John Compton, Perdana Menteri Saint Lucia (1982–1996)
- Saint Pierre dan Miquelon (Territorial collectivity of Prancis)
- Prefek - Yves Henry, Prefek Saint Pierre dan Miquelon (1992–1994)
- Presiden Dewan Jenderal - Marc Plantegenest, Presiden Dewan Jenderal Saint Pierre dan Miquelon (1984–1994)
- Saint Vincent dan Grenadines -
- Penguasa monarki - Elizabeth II, Ratu Saint Vincent dan Grenadines (1979–sekarang)
- Gubernur-Jenderal - Sir David Emmanuel Jack, Gubernur-Jenderal Saint Vincent dan Grenadines (1989–1996)
- Perdana Menteri - James Fitz-Allen Mitchell, Perdana Menteri Saint Vincent dan Grenadines (1984–2000)
- Trinidad dan Tobago -
- Presiden - Noor Hassanali, Presiden Trinidad dan Tobago (1987–1997)
- Perdana Menteri - Patrick Manning, Perdana Menteri Trinidad dan Tobago (1991–1995)
- Kepulauan Turks dan Caicos (British dependent territory)
- Gubernur -
- Michael J. Bradley, Gubernur Kepulauan Turks dan Caicos (1987–1993)
- Martin Bourke, Gubernur Kepulauan Turks dan Caicos (1993–1996)
- Menteri Utama - Washington Misick, Menteri Utama Kepulauan Turks dan Caicos (1991–1995)
- Gubernur -
- Amerika Serikat
- Presiden -
- George H. W. Bush, Presiden Amerika Serikat (1989–1993)
- Bill Clinton, Presiden Amerika Serikat (1993–2001)
- Puerto Riko (Persemakmuran Amerika Serikat)
- Gubernur -
- Rafael Hernández Colón, Gubernur Puerto Riko (1985–1993)
- Pedro Rosselló, Gubernur Puerto Riko (1993–2001)
- Gubernur -
- Kepulauan Virgin Amerika Serikat (Daerah insuler Amerika Serikat)
- Gubernur - Alexander A. Farrelly, Gubernur US Virgin Islands (1987–1995)
- Presiden -
Oseania
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Samoa Amerika (wilayah Amerika Serikat)
- Gubernur -
- Peter Tali Coleman, Gubernur Samoa Amerika (1989–1993)
- A. P. Lutali, Gubernur Samoa Amerika (1993–1997)
- Gubernur -
- Australia -
- Penguasa monarki - Elizabeth II, Ratu Australia (1952–present)
- Gubernur-Jenderal - Bill Hayden, Gubernur-Jenderal Australia (1989–1996)
- Perdana Menteri - Paul Keating, Perdana Menteri Australia (1991–1996)
- Pulau Natal (external territory of Australia)
- Administrator - Michael John Grimes, Administrator Pulau Natal (1992-1994)
- Shire Presiden - Lillian Oh, Presiden Shire Pulau Natal (1992–1995)
- Kepulauan Cocos (Keeling) (external territory of Australia)
- Administrator - John Bell Read, Administrator Kepulauan Cocos (Keeling) (1992-1994)
- Shire Presiden -
- Parson bin Yapat, Ketua Cocos Islands Council (1983-1993)
- Ronald Grant, Presiden Shire Kepulauan Cocos (Keeling) (1993-1995)
- Norfolk Island (self-governing territory of Australia)
- Administrator - Alan Gardner Kerr, Administrator Norfolk Island (1992–1997)
- Kepala Pemerintahan - John Terence Brown, Kepala Pemerintahan Norfolk Island (1992–1994)
- Fiji -
- Presiden -
- Ratu Sir Penaia Ganilau, Presiden Fiji (1987–1993)
- Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, Presiden Fiji (1993–2000)
- Perdana Menteri - Sitiveni Rabuka, Perdana Menteri Fiji (1992–1999)
- Presiden -
- Polinesia Prancis (French overseas territory)
- Komisaris Tinggi - Michel Jau, Komisaris Tinggi Republik di Polinesia Prancis (1992–1994)
- Presiden Pemerintahan - Gaston Flosse, Presiden Pemerintahan Polinesia Prancis (1991–2004)
- Guam (Daerah insuler Amerika Serikat)
- Gubernur - Joseph Franklin Ada, Gubernur Guam (1987–1995)
- Kiribati -
- Presiden - Teatao Teannaki, Presiden Kiribati (1991–1994)
- Kepulauan Marshall -
- Presiden - Amata Kabua, Presiden Kepulauan Marshall (1979–1996)[31]
- Mikronesia -
- Presiden - Bailey Olter, Presiden Mikronesia (1991–1997)
- Nauru -
- Presiden - Bernard Dowiyogo, Presiden Nauru (1989–1995)
- Kaledonia Baru (French overseas territory)
- Komisaris Tinggi - Alain Christnacht, Komisaris Tinggi Kaledonia Baru (1991–1994)
- Selandia Baru -
- Penguasa monarki - Elizabeth II, Ratu Selandia Baru (1952–present)
- Gubernur-Jenderal - Dame Catherine Tizard, Gubernur-Jenderal Selandia Baru (1990–1996)
- Perdana Menteri - Jim Bolger, Perdana Menteri Selandia Baru, (1990–1997)
- Kepulauan Cook (negara asosiasi Selandia Baru)
- Perwakilan Ratu - Apenera Short, Perwakilan Ratu (1990–2000)
- Perdana Menteri - Geoffrey Henry, Perdana Menteri Kepulauan Cook (1989–1999)
- Niue (negara asosiasi Selandia Baru)
- Perdana Menteri -
- Young Vivian, Perdana Menteri Niue (1992–1993)
- Frank Lui, Perdana Menteri Niue (1993–1999)
- Perdana Menteri -
- Tokelau (wilayah dependensi Selandia Baru)
- Administrator -
- Brian Absolum, Administrator Tokelau (1992–1993)
- Lindsay Watt, Administrator Tokelau (1993–2003)
- Kepala Pemerintahan -
- Kuresa Nasau, Kepala Pemerintahan Tokelau (1992–1993)
- Salesio Lui, Kepala Pemerintahan Tokelau (1993–1994)
- Administrator -
- Kepulauan Mariana Utara (Persemakmuran Amerika Serikat)
- Gubernur - Lorenzo I. De Leon Guerrero, Gubernur Kepulauan Mariana Utara (1990–1994)
- Palau (United Nations Trust Territory administered by the USA)
- Presiden -
- Ngiratkel Etpison, Presiden Palau (1989–1993)
- Kuniwo Nakamura, Presiden Palau (1993–2001)
- Presiden -
- Papua Nugini
- Penguasa monarki - Elizabeth II, Ratu Papua Nugini (1975–sekarang)
- Gubernur-Jenderal - Sir Wiwa Korowi, Gubernur-Jenderal Papua Nugini (1991–1997)
- Perdana Menteri - Paias Wingti, Perdana Menteri Papua Nugini (1992–1994)
- Kepulauan Pitcairn (British dependent territory)
- Gubernur - David Moss, Gubernur Kepulauan Pitcairn (1990–1994)
- Wali kota - Jay Warren, Magistrate of Kepulauan Pitcairn (1991–1999)
- Kepulauan Salomo -
- Penguasa monarki - Elizabeth II, Ratu Kepulauan Salomo (1978–sekarang)
- Gubernur-Jenderal - Sir George Lepping, Gubernur-Jenderal Kepulauan Salomo (1988–1994)
- Perdana Menteri -
- Solomon Mamaloni, Perdana Menteri Kepulauan Salomo (1989–1993)
- Francis Billy Hilly, Perdana Menteri Kepulauan Salomo (1993–1994)
- Tonga -
- Penguasa monarki - Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, Raja Tonga (1965–2006)[32]
- Perdana Menteri - Baron Vaea, Perdana Menteri Tonga (1991–2000)
- Tuvalu -
- Penguasa monarki - Elizabeth II, Ratu Tuvalu (1978–present)
- Gubernur-Jenderal -
- Sir Toaripi Lauti, Gubernur-Jenderal Tuvalu (1990–1993)
- Tomu Sione, Gubernur-Jenderal Tuvalu (1993–1994)
- Perdana Menteri -
- Bikenibeu Paeniu, Perdana Menteri Tuvalu (1989–1993)
- Kamuta Latasi, Perdana Menteri Tuvalu (1993–1996)
- Vanuatu -
- Presiden - Frederick Karlomuana Timakata, Presiden Vanuatu (1989–1994)
- Perdana Menteri - Maxime Carlot Korman, Perdana Menteri Vanuatu (1991–1995)
- Wallis dan Futuna (French overseas territory)
- Administrator-Superior -
- Robert Pommies, Administrator Superior Wallis dan Futuna (1990–1993)
- Philippe Legrix, Administrator Superior Wallis dan Futuna (1993–1994)
- Presiden Dewan Wilayah - Soane Mani Uhila, Presiden Dewan Wilayah Wallis dan Futuna (1992–1994)
- Administrator-Superior -
- Western Samoa
- Kepala Negara - Malietoa Tanumafili II, O le Ao o le Malo of Western Samoa (1962–2007)
- Perdana Menteri - Tofilau Eti Alesana, Perdana Menteri Western Samoa (1988–1998)
Amerika Selatan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Argentina -
- Presiden - Carlos Menem, Presiden Argentina (1989–1999)
- Bolivia -
- Presiden -
- Jaime Paz Zamora, Presiden Bolivia (1989–1993)
- Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada, Presiden Bolivia (1993–1997)
- Presiden -
- Brasil -
- Presiden - Itamar Franco, Presiden Brasil (1992–1995)
- Chili -
- Presiden - Patricio Aylwin, Presiden Chili (1990–1994)
- Kolombia -
- Presiden - César Gaviria, Presiden Kolombia (1990–1994)
- Ekuador -
- Presiden - Sixto Durán Ballén, Presiden Ekuador (1992–1996)
- Kepulauan Falkland (British dependent territory)
- Gubernur - David Tatham, Gubernur Kepulauan Falkland (1992–1996)
- Eksekutif Utama - Ronald Sampson, Eksekutif Utama Kepulauan Falkland (1989–1994)
- Guyana -
- Presiden - Cheddi Jagan, Presiden Guyana (1992–1997)
- Perdana Menteri - Sam Hinds, Perdana Menteri Guyana (1992–1997)
- Paraguay -
- Presiden -
- Andrés Rodríguez, Presiden Paraguay (1989–1993)
- Juan Carlos Wasmosy, Presiden Paraguay (1993–1998)
- Presiden -
- Peru -
- Presiden - Alberto Fujimori, Presiden Peru (1990–2000)
- Perdana Menteri -
- Oscar De La Puente, Presiden Dewan Menteri Peru (1992–1993)
- Alfonso Bustamante, Presiden Dewan Menteri Peru (1993–1994)
- Suriname -
- Presiden - Ronald Venetiaan, Presiden Suriname (1991–1996)
- Uruguay -
- Presiden - Luis Alberto Lacalle, Presiden Uruguay (1990–1995)
- Venezuela -
- Presiden -
- Carlos Andrés Pérez, Presiden Venezuela (1989–1993)
- Octavio Lepage, Interim Presiden Venezuela (1993)
- Ramón José Velásquez, Interim Presiden Venezuela (1993–1994)
- Presiden -
Catatan kaki
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ Titled Secretary-general of Provisional Pemerintahan until independence.
- ^ Bahrain only became independent in 1971, until then the monarch was titled Hakim of Bahrain.
- ^ Bahrain only became independent in 1971.
- ^ Brunei only became independent in 1984.
- ^ Kazakhstan only became independent in 1991.
- ^ The position of Chairman was only declared to be the "highest office of state" by the constitution that came into effect on September 5, 1998.
- ^ a b In exile between 1990 dan 1991.
- ^ Kirgizstan only became independent in 1991.
- ^ Qatar only became independent in 1971.
- ^ Turkmenistan only became independent in 1991.
- ^ Uzbekistan only became independent in 1991.
- ^ Ali Abdullah Saleh was Presiden North Yaman until 1990.
- ^ Armenia only became independent in 1991.
- ^ Belarus only became independent in 1991.
- ^ Bosnia dan Herzegovina only declared independence in 1992.
- ^ Kroasia only became independent in 1991.
- ^ Abkhazia only declared independence on 23 July 1992.
- ^ Richard von Weizsäcker was Presiden West Jerman until 1990.
- ^ Helmut Kohl was Kanselir West Jerman until 1990.
- ^ a b Latvia only became independent in 1991.
- ^ Moldova only became independent in 1991.
- ^ Transnistria only declared independence in 1991.
- ^ Rusia only became independent in 1991.
- ^ Slovenia only became independent in 1991.
- ^ The seven member Swiss Federal Council is the collective head of state dan the government of Swiss. Within the Council, the Presiden Swiss Confederation serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
- ^ Ukraina only became independent in 1991.
- ^ Antigua dan Barbuda became independent in 1981, until then Sir Wilfred Jacobs was titled Gubernur Antigua dan Barbuda.
- ^ Antigua dan Barbuda only became independent in 1981.
- ^ Saint Kitts dan Nevis only became independent in 1983, until then Sir Clement Arrindell was titled Gubernur Saint Christopher dan Nevis.
- ^ Saint Kitts dan Nevis only became independent in 1983.
- ^ The Kepulauan Marshall only became independent in 1986.
- ^ Tonga only became independent in 1970.