Glass

Glass ek karraa chij hae jiske koi shape me banaawa jaae sake hae. Ii jaada kar ke transparent rahe hae, lekin iske koi rang me banaawa jaae sake hae. Ii jaada kar ke silica se banaa rahe hae. Jon glass se khirrki aur botal banaawa jaae hae me 75% silicon dioxide (SiO₂), sodium oxide (Na₂O) sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) se, calcium oxide, jiske limebola jaae hae bhi (CaO), aur duusra additives.

Ii sab compound ke proportion ke badal ke, dher rakam ke glass ke banaawa jaae sake hae. Rangila glass ke mixture me metal oxide ke milae ke banaawa jaae hae. Jaise ki, cobalt oxide se se blue glass bane hae. Lead aur zinc ke milae ke crystal glass banaawa jaae hae.

Kaaaheki lens glass se banaa rahe hae, chasma ke glasses bola jaae hae.

Itihaas

Prakritik ruup (natural form) me glass, khass kar ke [[jwalamuki] se banaa glass ke stone age me kaate ke aujaar khaatir kaam me laawa jaawat rahaa. Indus Valley Civilization se laal-orange rang ke glass bead ke khoda gais hae, jiske 1900BC ke date karaa gais hae. Ii Egypt aur Mesopotamia se pahile hae, jahaan pe glass banaana 1500 BC aur 1600 BC me suruu bhas rahaa.^[1]

References

↑ Kenoyer, J.M (2001). "Bead Technologies at Harappa, 3300–1900 BC: A Comparative Summary". South Asian Archaeology. Paris. pp. 157–170. https://www.harappa.com/sites/default/files/pdf/BeadTechnologiesSummary.pdf.

[1] Kenoyer, J.M (2001). "Bead Technologies at Harappa, 3300–1900 BC: A Comparative Summary". South Asian Archaeology. Paris. pp. 157–170. https://www.harappa.com/sites/default/files/pdf/BeadTechnologiesSummary.pdf.

[1]