Dharma

ke liye dharma ka maana hai, dharm के लिए धर्म का अर्थ है।

himsa (non-violence) ^[1] ke liye aamdhane aur praant.

, personal behavior^[2] yogi ke liye 10 tips

un aur insha'aat^[3] (Law and justice)

tuals and ritus of passage^[4] adhyatmik aur praapt karne ke parivaar

nyasa aur life ke stages^[5] sannyyasa and the phase of living

ties, jaise ki teacher se lekhana^[6] aur guru ke saathe kareeb hone.

Dharma (/ˈdɑːrmə/; Sanskrit: धर्म: धर्म ) (IPA: [dʱɐrmǝ]) ya dharm bhaarateey dharmon (hindoo dharm, bauddh dharm, jain dharm aur sikh dharm) mein kae arthon vaalee ek pramukh kartavya ya adhyatmic margdarshak hai. Ise jeevan ko banae rakhane vaale "aadesh aur reeti-rivaaj" ke anuroop hain; "sadaachaar", ya "dhaarmik aur naitik kartavy" bhi samjha jata hai. Buddhism ko Buddha Dharma bhi kaha jata hai kyunki Buddha religion me Dharma yah apne kartvya ka pramukh stan hai. English (ya kuchh aur European) praant mein ise "religious and moral duties" ke roop par maana ja raha tha.^[7]^[8]^[9]

Hindu Dharma ka puraanon aur itihaason ka sabase pahala sandarbh 2,800 saal pahale shatapath braahman mein milata hai - aur Vedic religion (1500-500 BCE) ke samay ki hai.

Ramayana aur Mahabharata me Dharma ka pramukh stan hai.^[10]

ye parishkrt aur phir se taiyaar kee gaee punarkathan hee hain jinhen ham aaj "mool" maanate hain. yaheen par hindoo itihaas mein pahalee baar dharm ke vichaar ko vistrt kiya gaya hai, jisase ve bade paimaane par duniya ke lie dharm ke paatr ban gae hain.

bhaarateey darshan aur bhaarateey dharmon mein dharm kendreey mahatv kee avadhaarana hai.[15] hindoo dharm, bauddh dharm, sikh dharm aur jain dharm mein isake kaee arth hain. [16] dharm ke lie ek sankshipt paribhaasha pradaan karana kathin hai, kyonki is shabd ka ek lamba aur vividh itihaas hai aur yah arthon aur vyaakhyaon ke ek jatil samooh mein phaila hua hai. pashchimee bhaashaon mein dharm ke lie koee ek shabdeey paryaayavaachee shabd nahin hai.[18]

dharm shabd ke saath praacheen sanskrt saahity ka jarman, angrejee aur phrench mein anuvaad karane ke kaee paraspar virodhee prayaas hue hain. pol horsh ka daava hai ki is avadhaarana ne aadhunik tippaneekaaron aur anuvaadakon ke lie asaadhaaran kathinaiyaan paida kee hain. udaaharan ke lie, jabaki graasamain ka rgved ka anuvaad dharm ke saat alag-alag arthon kee pahachaan karata hai, [20] kaarl phredarik geldanar ne rgved ke apane anuvaad mein dharm ke lie 20 alag-alag anuvaad kie hain, jinamen "kaanoon", "aadesh" jaise arth shaamil hain. doosaron ke beech mein "kartavy", "kastam", "gunavatta", aur "modal". haalaanki, dharm shabd angrejee mein vyaapak roop se sveekrt rn shabd ban gaya hai, aur sabhee aadhunik sankshipt angrejee shabdakoshon mein shaamil hai.</ref> ^[10]

Vedic samay me, dharm ka matalab saamaajik vyavastha ke saath-saath saamaajik vyavastha banaane ke lie shaahee daayitv se tha. kuchh samay baad rachit shatapath braahman mein dharm ka arth pashu pravrtti par kaaboo paana, jangal ke kaanoon ko ulatana aur aisee sanskrti banaana shaamil kiya gaya, jisamen taakatavar log kamazoron kee dekhabhaal karate hain.

upanishadon mein dharm ka ullekh kiya gaya hai. dhyaan aatma par hai - shareer mein rahane vaala buddhimaan vyakti jo apane pashu sv ke saath maanav sangharsh ko dekhata hai. "dharm" shabd 2,300 saal pahale pramukhata se ubhara, jab samraat ashok ne apane shilaalekhon mein is shabd ka istemaal kiya. dharm ka greek mein anuvaad yoosebiya ke roop mein kiya gaya, jisaka arth hai devataon, raajaon aur maata-pita kee pooja, aur araamee mein kyoosit ke roop mein, jisaka arth hai saty. doosare shabdon mein, bhaarat ke maury shaasak ke lie, dharm saamaajik vyavahaar aur aadhyaatmik vishvaas donon tha.

isake baad ke paanch sau varshon mein, dharmashaastr ke naam se saamoohik roop se gyaat granthon ka ek samooh aaya, jisamen dharm ko saamaajik daayitvon ke baraabar maana gaya, jo vyavasaay (varn dharm), jeevan star (aashram dharm), vyaktitv (sv dharm), raajatv (raaj dharm), naareetv (stree dharm) aur purushatv par aadhaarit the.

↑ see below:
↑ see:
↑ Jackson, Bernard S. (1975), "From dharma to law", The American Journal of Comparative Law, Vol.
↑ Flood 1994, "Chapter 3"; Quote – "Rites of passage are dharma in action."; "Rites of passage, a category of rituals,..."
↑ Coward 2004; Quote – "Hindu stages of life approach (ashrama dharma)..."
↑ see:
↑ Halbfass, Wilhelm (2000) (in de). Karma und Wiedergeburt im indischen Denken. Munich, Germany: Diederichs. ISBN 978-3-89631-385-0.
↑ Lawrence C. Becker & Charlotte B. Becker, Encyclopedia of Ethics, 2nd edition (2001), ISBN 0-415-93672-1, Hindu Ethics, pp 678
↑ Wasserman, Danuta (2021-01-08). Oxford Textbook of Suicidology and Suicide Prevention. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-883444-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=zqkPEAAAQBAJ&dq=sanchit karma&pg=PA23.
↑ ^10.0 ^10.1 Bruce R. Reichenbach, The Law of Karma and the Principle of Causation, Philosophy East and West, Vol. 38, No. 4 (Oct. 1988), pp. 399–410

[1] see below:

[2] see:

[3] Jackson, Bernard S. (1975), "From dharma to law", The American Journal of Comparative Law, Vol.

[4] Flood 1994, "Chapter 3"; Quote – "Rites of passage are dharma in action."; "Rites of passage, a category of rituals,..."

[5] Coward 2004; Quote – "Hindu stages of life approach (ashrama dharma)..."

[6] see:

[halbfass2000-7] Halbfass, Wilhelm (2000) (in de). Karma und Wiedergeburt im indischen Denken. Munich, Germany: Diederichs. ISBN 978-3-89631-385-0.

[8] Lawrence C. Becker & Charlotte B. Becker, Encyclopedia of Ethics, 2nd edition (2001), ISBN 0-415-93672-1, Hindu Ethics, pp 678

[9] Wasserman, Danuta (2021-01-08). Oxford Textbook of Suicidology and Suicide Prevention. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-883444-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=zqkPEAAAQBAJ&dq=sanchit karma&pg=PA23.

[brucer-10] 10.0 ^10.1 Bruce R. Reichenbach, The Law of Karma and the Principle of Causation, Philosophy East and West, Vol. 38, No. 4 (Oct. 1988), pp. 399–410

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