Yaren Tsez

Yaren Tsez
'Yan asalin magana	12,467
Dangin harshen	abu abstract entity (en) languoid (en) language (en) human language (en) Ibero-Caucasian (en) Northeast Caucasian (en) Dagestanian (en) Tsezic (en) Yaren Tsez
Baƙaƙen rubutu	Cyrillic script (en)
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	ddo
Glottolog	dido1241

Tsez ba shi da al'adar wallafe-wallafen kuma ba shi da wakilci a rubuce. Ana amfani da Avar da Rasha a matsayin harsunan wallafe-wallafen a cikin gida, har ma a makarantu. Koyaya, an yi ƙoƙari don haɓaka ƙayyadadden rubutun ga harshen Tsez da danginsa, galibi don yin rikodin al'adun gargajiya; saboda haka, ana amfani da rubutun Cyrillic wanda ya dogara da na Avar sau da yawa. Gudanarwa a cikin Avar yawanci ya fi girma tsakanin maza fiye da mata, kuma matasa suna da ƙwarewa a cikin Rasha fiye da Tsez, wanda mai yiwuwa ne saboda rashin ilimi a ciki da game da harshe. Ba a koyar da Tsez a makaranta kuma a maimakon haka ana koyar da Avar a cikin shekaru biyar na farko da kuma Rasha bayan haka.

Kalmomin suna nuna alamun tasirin Avar, Georgian, Larabci, da Rasha, galibi ta hanyar kalmomin aro kuma, a cikin yanayin Rasha, har ma a cikin harshe da salon. Har ila yau, akwai kalmomin aro na asalin Turkic. Wadan dalilai na iya haifar da raguwar amfani da harshen Tsez, saboda Avar da Rasha sun maye gurbinsa, wani bangare saboda asarar al'adun gargajiya tsakanin mutane da kuma karɓar tufafin Yamma, fasaha da gine-gine.

Masanin harshe na Georgia Davit Imnaishvili ne ya fara nazarin harshe na Tsez a 1963. A halin yanzu, [bayyanawa da ake buƙata Lokacin da?] tarin matani na al'adun Tsez (an rubuta shi a cikin yaren Mokok) yana cikin samarwa.

Harsuna

Za'a iya raba Tsez zuwa yaruka masu zuwa, tare da sunayensu na Tsez da aka ba su a cikin parentheses:

• Asakh (Asaq)
  • Tsebari (Ceboru)
• Mokok (Daya) (Daya daga cikinsu)
• Kidero (Kidiro)
  • Shaytl (Abin da ke ciki) (Abin da za a iya amfani da shi)
• Shapikh (Šopix) (Sau da shi)
• Sagada (An yi amfani da shi)

Misalan da ke cikin wannan labarin sun dogara ne akan yaren Tsebari na Asakh. Yaren Sagada sananne ne saboda bambancin da yake da shi daga sauran.

Hinukh da Khwarshi kuma an taɓa ɗaukar su a matsayin yarukan yaren Tsez amma yanzu ana kallon su a matsayin harsuna daban-daban na iyali ɗaya.

Fasahar sauti

Kowane phoneme an jera shi tare da IPA [brackets], Latin, da Cyrillic transcriptions.

Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

		Biyuwa	Dental	Alveolar gefen	Palatal	Velar	Rashin ƙarfi	Faringel	Gishiri
Tsayawa	Rashin murya	[p] p p ([p]) ([Suna [pˤ]])	[t] t t t ([tw]) ([tʷ])			[k] k zuwa ([kw] [k]]) (<[kˤ] about="#mwt27" class="IPA nowrap" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IPA","href":"./Template:IPA"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"[kʷ]"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwfg" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" typeof="mw:Transclusion">[kw]]]
	Magana	[b] b b b ([b]) ([yanayin]	[d] d ([dʷ])			([gʷ]][ɡ] g g g g ([gw] [g]])
	Manufar	[pʼ] pʼʼʼʼi ([yanayin]	[tʼ] tʼʼʼ ([twʼ])			[kʼ] kʼʼʼʼ ([kʷʼ]]	[qʼ] qʼ къ ([qʷʼ]
Africates	Rashin murya		[t͡s] c ц ([t͡sʷ])	[t͡ɬ] Sanyi ([t͡ɬʷ])	[t͡ʃ] č ч ([t͡ʃʷ])		[q͡χ] q хъ ([q͡χw] [q͡εʹʹ]) [q͡χˤ] ([q͡χʷ] [q͡χń])
	Manufar		[t͡sʼ] cʼ zʼ ([t͡sʷʼ])	[t͡ɬʼ] Xi'a ([t͡ɬʷʼ])	[t͡ʃʼ] čʼ ([t͡ʃʷʼ])
Rashin jituwa	Rashin murya		[s] s tare da ([sʷ])	[ɬ] ł һ ([ɬʷ])	[ʃ] š ш ([ʃʷ])		[χ] x x x x ([χw] [χń]) ([χʷ] [χw])	[ħ] ħ х ([ħʷ])	[h] h g ([hʷ] [h]]
	Magana		[z] z z z ([zʷ])		[ʒ] ž ж ([ʒw])		[ʁ] ɣ гъ ([ʁw] [ʁ́]) ([ʁʷ] [ʁo])	Wannan shi ne karo na gaba
Hanci		[m] m m m ([yanayin]	[n] n n
Ruwa			[r] r r	[l] l l
Semivowels		[w] w a cikin			[j] da kuma й

• Tsez ya nuna lissafin ƙwayoyin 33 .
• Tsayar da ƙuƙwalwa ([ʔ]) ba sautin ba ne amma yana faruwa ta atomatik a gaban wasula marasa pharyngealized a matsayin farko na kalma.
• Sau da yawa ana karya tarin wakoki ta hanyar saka wasula [e]. Bayan [j], wasula da aka saka shine [i].
• Ana iya yin amfani da kalmomin farko na kalma don bayyanawa kuma ana yin alama kamar haka a cikin rubutun da aka gabatar ta hanyar karamin bin ma'anar; a cikin rubutun Cyrillic ana amfani da palochka bayan wasula da ke biye da ma'anar.  
  • An rubuta syllable-ƙarshe pharyngealization na ma'anar a cikin Cyrillic tare da Cʼ (inda C ke tsaye don ma'anar) kuma tare da VCʹ a cikin fassarar Latin (V yana tsaye don wasali). Wasu ƙamus sun rubuta wannan a matsayin VīC duk da haka, wanda ya sa jerin CVII ba su da tabbas (duba ƙasa).
  • An rubuta syllable-farkon pharyngealization na consonant a cikin Cyrillic tare da CV (palochka yana biye da wasali, tunda pharyngealisation a zahiri yana shafar shi fiye da consonant da ya gabata) kuma tare da C CīV a cikin fassarar Latin.
  • An bayar da rahoton cewa pharyngealization kanta epiglottal ne.
• Cv rubuta kalmomin Labialized a matsayin Cв a cikin Cyrillic kuma a matsayin Cw a cikin fassarar Latin, bi da bi. Duk wani sashi ban da /n, l, j, ː/ da bilabials za a iya labialized.