Yanayi
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| Iri |
natural phenomenon (en)  |
|---|---|
| Bangare na |
atmospheric circulation (en) |
| Yana haddasa | matsuguni |
| Hashtag (en) | #Weather, #Погода da #Wetter |
yanayi shine yanayin yanayi, yana kwatanta misali matakin da yake da zafi ko sanyi, rigar ko bushe, kwanciyar hankali ko hadari, bayyane ko girgije. A Duniya, yawancin abubuwan da ke faruwa a yanayi suna faruwa a cikin mafi ƙasƙanci na yanayin duniya, troposphere, [1] [2] kawai a ƙasa da stratosphere. yanayi yana nufin zafin jiki na yau da kullun, hazo, da sauran yanayin yanayi, yayin da yanayi shine kalmar don matsakaicin yanayin yanayi a tsawon lokaci. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi ba tare da cancanta ba, ana fahimtar "yanayi" gabaɗaya yana nufin yanayin Duniya.
Yanayi yana motsawa ta hanyar matsin iska, zafin jiki, da bambancin danshi tsakanin wuri ɗaya da wani. Wadannan bambance-bambance na iya faruwa saboda kusurwar Sun a kowane wuri, wanda ya bambanta da latitude. Bambancin zafin jiki mai ƙarfi tsakanin iska mai zafi da na wurare masu zafi yana haifar da mafi girman sikelin sararin samaniya: sel din Hadley, sel din Ferrel, sel din polar, da rafin jet. Tsarin yanayi a tsakiyar latitudes, kamar su extratropical cyclones, suna haifar da rashin daidaituwa na jet streamflow. Saboda axis na Duniya ya karkata dangane da jirgin samansa (wanda ake kira ecliptic), Hasken rana yana faruwa a kusurwoyi daban-daban a lokuta daban-daban na shekara. A saman duniya, yanayin zafi yawanci yana da ±40 ° C (-40 ° F zuwa 104 ° F) a kowace shekara. Fiye da dubban shekaru, canje-canje a cikin yanayin duniya na iya shafar adadin da rarraba Hasken rana da Duniya ta karɓa, don haka yana rinjayar yanayi na dogon lokaci da Canjin yanayi na duniya.
Bambance-bambance na zafin jiki na sama suna haifar da bambance-bambancen matsin lamba. Tsawon tsawo mafi girma sun fi sanyi fiye da ƙananan tsawo, kamar yadda yawancin yanayin zafi ya kasance saboda hulɗa da farfajiyar Duniya yayin da asarar radiative zuwa sararin samaniya galibi koyaushe ne. Hasashen yanayi shine aikace-aikacen kimiyya da fasaha don hasashen yanayin yanayi na lokaci mai zuwa da kuma wurin da aka ba shi. Tsarin yanayi na duniya Tsarin rikici ne; a sakamakon haka, ƙananan canje-canje ga wani ɓangare na tsarin na iya girma don samun babban tasiri a kan tsarin gaba ɗaya. Kokarin ɗan adam na sarrafa yanayin ya faru a cikin tarihi, kuma akwai shaidar cewa Ayyukan ɗan adam kamar noma da masana'antu sun canza yanayin yanayi.
Nazarin yadda yanayi ke aiki a wasu taurari ya taimaka wajen fahimtar yadda yanayi ke কাম a Duniya. Wani sanannen alama a cikin Tsarin hasken rana, Jupiter's Great Red Spot, guguwa ce da aka sani ta wanzu aƙalla shekaru 300. Koyaya, yanayin ba'a iyakance shi ga jikin duniya ba. Ana rasa tauraron tauraron a sararin samaniya, yana haifar da abin da ke da yanayi mai laushi a duk faɗin tsarin hasken rana. Motsi na taro da aka fitar daga Rana an san shi da iskar rana.
Dalilan da suka haifar
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A Duniya, abubuwan da suka faru na yau da kullun sun haɗa da iska, girgije, ruwan sama, dusar ƙanƙara, hazo da guguwar ƙura. Abubuwan da ba a saba gani ba sun haɗa da bala'o'i irin su guguwa, guguwa da guguwa kankara. Kusan dukkanin abubuwan da aka saba da su suna faruwa a cikin troposphere (ƙananan ɓangaren yanayi). [2] Yanayi yana faruwa a cikin stratosphere kuma yana iya shafar yanayi a ƙasa a cikin troposphere, amma ainihin hanyoyin ba a fahimta sosai ba.[3]
Yanayi yana faruwa ne da farko saboda matsin iska, zafin jiki da bambancin danshi daga wuri zuwa wani. Wadannan bambance-bambance na iya faruwa saboda kusurwar rana a kowane wuri, wanda ya bambanta da latitude a cikin wurare masu zafi. A wasu kalmomi, mafi nisa daga wurare masu zafi wanda yake, mafi ƙanƙanta kusurwar rana, wanda ke sa waɗancan wurare su zama masu sanyi saboda yaduwar Hasken rana a kan mafi girma.[4] Bambancin zafin jiki mai ƙarfi tsakanin iska mai zafi da iska mai zafi yana haifar da manyan ƙwayoyin yaduwar yanayi da rafin jet. tsarin yanayi a tsakiyar latitudes, kamar su extratropical cyclones, suna haifar da rashin daidaituwa na kwararar jet (duba baroclinity). [5] Tsarin yanayi a cikin wurare masu zafi, kamar ruwan sama ko tsarin tsawa mai tsari, ana haifar da matakai daban-daban.
Rashin daidaitattun hasken gaba (kafa yankuna na zafin jiki da gradients na danshi, ko frontogenesis) na iya zama saboda yanayin kanta a cikin nau'in girgije da hazo. Tsawon tsawo mafi girma yawanci sun fi sanyi fiye da ƙananan tsawo, wanda shine sakamakon zafin jiki mafi girma da zafi na radiation, wanda ke samar da adiabatic lapse rate. A wasu yanayi, zafin jiki yana ƙaruwa tare da tsawo. Wannan sabon abu an san shi da juyawa kuma yana iya haifar da tsaunuka su zama masu dumi fiye da kwarin da ke ƙasa. Juyawa na iya haifar da samar da hazo kuma sau da yawa yana aiki a matsayin murfin da ke hanawa ci gaban tsawa. A kan ma'auni na gida, bambance-bambance na zafin jiki na iya faruwa saboda wurare daban-daban (kamar teku, gandun daji, kankara, ko abubuwa da mutum ya yi) suna da halaye daban-daban na jiki kamar nunawa, tsananin, ko abun ciki na danshi.
Bambance-bambance na zafin jiki na sama suna haifar da bambance-bambancen matsin lamba. Yankin zafi yana dumama iska da ke sama da shi yana haifar da fadadawa da rage yawanci da kuma sakamakon matsin iska. Sakamakon matsin lamba na kwance yana motsa iska daga mafi girma zuwa ƙananan yankuna, yana haifar da iska, kuma juyawa na Duniya yana haifar da karkatar da wannan iska saboda Tasirin Coriolis. Tsarin da aka kafa ta haka ne zai iya nuna halayyar da ta fito don samar da tsarin da ya fi rikitarwa kuma ta haka ne wasu abubuwan da suka faru na yanayi. Misalai masu girma sun haɗa da Hadley cell yayin da ƙaramin misali zai zama Iska ta bakin teku.
yanayi yanayi tsari ne mai rikici. A sakamakon haka, ƙananan canje-canje ga wani ɓangare na tsarin na iya tarawa da girma don haifar da manyan tasiri a kan tsarin gaba ɗaya. Wannan rashin kwanciyar hankali na yanayi ya sa hasashen yanayi ba zai yiwu ba fiye da raƙuman ruwa ko hasken rana.[7] Kodayake yana da wahala a hango yanayin daidai fiye da 'yan kwanaki a gaba, Masu hasashen yanayi suna ci gaba da aiki don fadada wannan iyaka ta hanyar binciken meteorological da kuma inganta hanyoyin yanzu a cikin hasashen yanayi. Koyaya, ba zai yiwu a yi tsinkaya mai amfani na yau da kullun ba fiye da makonni biyu a gaba, iyawa sanya iyaka mafi girma ga yiwuwar inganta ƙwarewar tsinkaya.[8]
Tsarin duniyar Duniya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tasirin ga mutane
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Hydrosphere". Glossary of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 15 March 2012. Retrieved 27 June 2008.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Troposphere". Glossary of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 2012-09-28. Retrieved 2020-10-11.
- ↑ O'Carroll, Cynthia M. (18 October 2001). "Weather Forecasters May Look Sky-high For Answers". Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA). Archived from the original on 12 July 2009.
- ↑ NASA. World Book at NASA: Weather. Archived copy at WebCite (10 March 2013). Retrieved on 27 June 2008.
- ↑ Carlyle H. Wash, Stacey H. Heikkinen, Chi-Sann Liou, and Wendell A. Nuss. A Rapid Cyclogenesis Event during GALE IOP 9. Retrieved on 28 June 2008.
- ↑ Brown, Dwayne; Cabbage, Michael; McCarthy, Leslie; Norton, Karen (20 January 2016). "NASA, NOAA Analyses Reveal Record-Shattering Global Warm Temperatures in 2015". NASA. Archived from the original on 20 January 2016. Retrieved 21 January 2016.
- ↑ Lorenz, Edward (July 1969). "How Much Better Can Weather Prediction Become?" (PDF). web.mit.edu/. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 April 2016. Retrieved 21 July 2017.
- ↑ "The Discovery of Global Warming: Chaos in the Atmosphere". history.aip.org. January 2017. Archived from the original on 28 November 2016. Retrieved 21 July 2017.