Shirin cika tafkin Chadi

Shirin cika tafkin Chadi

Aikin sake cika Tafkin Chadi shine babban shirin karkatar da ruwa don karkatar ruwa daga tafkin Kogin Kongo zuwa Tafkin Chada don hana shi bushewa. An gabatar da nau'o'i daban-daban. Yawancin za su haɗa da damming wasu daga cikin masu ba da gudummawa na dama na Kogin Kongo da kuma tura wasu ruwa zuwa Tafkin Chadi ta hanyar tashar zuwa tafkin Kogin Chari.

Herman Sörgel ne ya fara gabatar da shi a shekarar 1929 a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikinsa na Atlantropa, a matsayin hanyar ban ruwa a Sahara. A cikin shekarun 1960, Tafkin Chadi ya fara raguwa, kuma an farfado da ra'ayin a matsayin mafita ga wannan matsala.

Mambobin Hukumar Kasa da Kasa ta Lake Chad Basin sune Chadi, Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, Najeriya, Kamaru da Nijar. Damuwa da raguwar yankin tafkin daga kilomita 20,000 (7,700 sq a cikin 1972 zuwa 'i kilomita 2,000 (770 sq A cikin 2002, sun hadu a watan Janairun 2002 don tattauna aikin. Dukansu ADB [bayyanawa da ake buƙata] da Bankin Ci Gaban Musulunci sun nuna sha'awar aikin.  Koyaya, jihohin membobin Hukumar Kasa da Kasa ta Kongo-Ubangi-Sangha Basin (Congo-Kinshasa, Congo-Brazzaville da Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya) sun nuna damuwa cewa aikin zai rage ƙarfin wutar lantarki na madatsar ruwan Inga, zai shafi kewayawa a kan kogin Ubangi da Congo kuma zai rage kama kifi a kan waɗannan koguna. Koyaya, ko da manyan shawarwari za su karkatar da ƙasa da 8% na ruwan Kongo, yayin da sauran 92-95% ba za su isa Inga kawai ba, amma za su samar da wutar lantarki sau biyu, na farko a sabon madatsun ruwa kuma a ƙarshe a Inga.

A cikin 2011, kamfanin Kanada CIMA, a ƙarƙashin kwangila daga Hukumar Lake Chad Basin, ya samar da binciken yiwuwar nau'ikan aikin da yawa.

Fitarwa daga Ubangi

Akwai shawarwari da yawa don karkatar da ruwa daga Kogin Ubangi, mafi girma na Kogin Kongo. Wannan yana buƙatar famfo ruwa kimanin 180 m zuwa sama, don haka yana buƙatar tushen wutar lantarki, ko dai hydroelectric ko hasken rana. Binciken CIMA ya yi la'akari da sigar ta amfani da madatsar ruwa a kan Ubangi don samar da 360 MW na wutar lantarki, 250 MW wanda za a yi amfani da shi don famfo ruwa. An kiyasta cewa zai isar da 91 m³/s na ruwa zuwa Chari a farashin dala biliyan 10. 

Wani bambancin wannan ra'ayin zai yi amfani da ruwa daga Ubangi ta amfani da hasken rana maimakon wutar lantarki, don kauce wa farashi da rushewar madatsar ruwa.

Rashin ruwa na Kotto

Binciken yiwuwar CIMA ya kuma yi la'akari da karkatar da ruwa daga madatsar ruwa a kan Kogin Kotto, wani yanki na Ubangi, kusa da Bria. Wannan yana da tsawo don motsa ruwa zuwa Chari ta hanyar nauyi, ba tare da famfo da ake buƙata ba. An kiyasta shi don isar da 108 m³/s a farashin dala biliyan 4.5.  

Transaqua

Transaqua (a ja)

Shawarwari mafi girma, mai suna Transaqua, ƙungiyar injiniyoyi na kamfanin Bonifica ne suka gabatar da shi. Dokta Marcello Vichi ne ke jagoranta, Ba wai kawai Kotto za ta lalata ba har ma da sauran rafukan da ke kudu, ciki har da Mbomou mafi girma, Uele da Aruwimi . Za a kai ruwa zuwa arewa da 2400 km navigable canal tare da wani kwane-kwane layin, wanda zai samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa a wurare da yawa tare da tsawonsa. Waɗannan za su ƙarfafa sabbin garuruwan masana'antu, yayin da magudanar ruwa za ta cika tafkin. Jimlar ruwan da za a kai zai kai fiye da 1500 m ³ /s, wanda shine kashi 5-8% na matsakaicin kwararar ruwan Kongo, kuma ya zarce adadin da ake shigowa da shi yanzu zuwa tafkin Chadi. Amma farashin zai fi $50 biliyan.

Wannan shirin da farko an dauke shi da wuya ya faru a ƙarshen shekara ta 2005. An ƙi shi don amincewa da ƙaramin shirin canja wurin ruwa daga Ubangi. Hukumar Lake Chad Basin, duk da haka, ta yanke hukunci cewa aikin, wanda ya haɗa da yin famfo ruwa sama daga Kogin Ubangi, bai isa ya cika Tafkin Chadi ba, kuma ya karɓi Transaqua a matsayin aikin "kawai mai yiwuwa" a Taron Duniya a kan Tafkin Chadian, a ranar 26-28 ga Fabrairu 2018.

Bayan ICLC, wakilan LCBC da gwamnatin Italiya sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar yarjejeniya don samun kudade na farko don binciken yiwuwar Transaqua a ranar 16 ga Oktoba 2018.

A ranar 16 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2019, wani gyare-gyare da Sanata na Italiya Tony Iwobi ya gabatar ga dokar kasafin kudin Italiya ta 2021 ya hada da kudade na Yuro miliyan 1.5 don binciken yiwuwar.  

A ranar 13 ga Nuwamba 2020, Tsohon Firayim Ministan Italiya, tsohon shugaban Hukumar Tarayyar Turai kuma tsohon Jakadan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na musamman na Sahel Romano Prodi ya bayyana cewa mutanen da ke kusa da Tafkin Chadi ba za su iya jira ba kuma sun yi kira ga EU, UNO, Kungiyar hadin kan Afirka da China da su hada hannu don samar da kudi da gina Transaqua.

An ba da babbar daraja ga nasarar Transaqua ga masu gwagwarmaya daga ƙungiyar LaRouche.

Sauran hanyar ruwa ta cikin gida

Kogin Kongo, tsarin kewayawa na cikin gida.

Rashin ruwa na Kogin Kongo.

Baya ga motsa ruwa, wannan shawarar za ta haifar da hanyar ruwa ta ciki daga Kogin Ubangi zuwa Kogin Chari), a kusa da tashar kilomita 366, daga Kogin Gigi (kusa da Djoukou - Galabadja a Kémo), ta hanyar Sibut, Bouca sannan zuwa Batangafo (a kan Kogin Boubou kuma cikin Kogin Ouham sannan kuma Kogin Chari). 

Wannan hanyar ita ce wadda binciken CIMA ya yi amfani da ita (ruwa 100 m3/s, daidai da Tashar Moscow), kawai girman tashar da daidaita kogi da kulle don tallafawa jiragen ruwa.

Hanyar ruwa ta Chadi-Congo

Wannan hanyar ruwa na iya haɗa Tafkin Chadi tare da tsarin kewayawa na Kogin Kongo da kuma hanyar sufuri a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo.

Za'a iya inganta tsarin hanyar ruwa a Kongo daga Kinshasa zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Matadi, wanda aka riga aka shirya a matsayin zaɓi a cikin aikin madatsar ruwa na Inga.

Kazalika da "mai yiwuwa" daga Tafkin Mweru (birni na Pweto) ta hanyar Kogin Lukuga zuwa Ankoro (yana buƙatar madatsun ruwa da ɗaga Jirgin ruwa a Boyoma Falls, kamar ɗaga jirgin ruwan Three Gorges), ko hanyar ruwa zuwa Tafkin Tanganyika a Kalemie ta hanyar Koginsa Lukuga har zuwa Kabalo (Ƙauyen Zanza), yanzu an haɗa shi da jirgin ƙasa.

• Bayani na hanyoyin ruwa na ciki a Kongo daga Cibiyar Kula da Harkokin Kasuwanci ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya

Kwatanta da sauran tashoshi

Tashar 366 kilometres (227 mi) daga Ubangi zuwa Chari za ta yi tafiya ninki biyu na nisan 171 kilometres (106 mi) Rhine-Main-Danube Canal, sau uku 128 kilometres (80 mi) km (80 Moscow Canal ko 101 kilometres (63 mi) Volga-Don Canal, ko kuma kusan tsawon 368 kilometres (229 mi) Volg-Baltic Waterway (wanda ya zama wani ɓangare na Unified Deep Water System na Turai Rasha). Zai zama sau biyar ya fi guntu fiye da kilomita 1,776 kilometres (1,104 mi) na kasar Sin (1,104 Grand Canal (wanda aka gina a lokacin Daular Sui) kuma sau goma ya fi guguwa fiye da dukan kilomita 2,340 miles (3,770 km) (2,340 Saint Lawrence Seaway da Great Lakes Waterway (hanyar ruwa daga Duluth, Minnesota, zuwa Tekun Atlantika).