Oduduwa
 Oduduwa | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Rayuwa | |
| ƙasa | Benin |
| Mutuwa | Ile Ife, |
| Ƴan uwa | |
| Yara |
view
|
| Karatu | |
| Harsuna | Yarbanci |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a | sarki |
| Imani | |
| Addini | Addinin Yarabawa |
Oduduwa sarki ne mai daraja na Yarbawa.[1] Bisa ga al'ada, shi ne mai rike da sarautar Olofin na Ile-Ife, birnin Yarbawa mai tsarki.[2] Ya yi mulki a taƙaice a Ife,[3][4] kuma ya kasance asalin wanda ya samar da wasu daulolin sarauta masu zaman kansu na ƙasar Yoruba.[5][6] Sunansa, da harshen Yarbanci -masu yaren suna rubutawa a cikin sauti kamar Odùduwa kuma wani lokaci ana yin kwangila a matsayin Ooduwa, Odudua ko Oòdua, a yau ana girmama shi da sunan "jarumi, shugaba kuma uban kabilar Yarbawa".[7] Ta hanyar rikici kuma galibi, ta hanyar diflomasiyya na shekaru masu yawa, Oduduwa ya sami damar kwace sarautar Ife na wani dan lokaci ya zama Sarki.
Oduduwa ya rike sunayen yabo Olofin Adimula.[8] Bayan bauta da ake masa bayan mutuwarsa, an shigar da shi cikin pantheon na Yarbawa a matsayin wani bangare na allantaka na farko mai suna iri ɗaya.[9]
Asalin kalmar
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Asalin kalmar sunan Yarbawa “Oduduwa” shine: Odu-ti-o-da-uwa (watau. Odu-ti-o-da-iwa).
Wannan a fassare a na nufin: Babban wurin ajiya wanda ke haifar da wanzuwa.[10]
Al'adun Ife
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Al’adar Ife, wadda masana tarihin Yarbawa na zamani suka ba da fifiko, ta bayyana cewa Oduduwa manzo ne daga al’ummar Oke-Ora, yankin gabas na al’adun Ife wanda ya taso zuwa Arewa maso Gabashin kabilar Ijesa. An ce shi jarumi ne da ke sanye da sulke da karfe. A wancan lokacin, an yi kawance tsakanin al’ummomi 13 na kwarin Ile-Ife, kowace al’umma ko ‘Elu’ tana da Oba wato sarkin ta; da Oba of Ijugbe, the Oba of Ejio, the Oba of Iwinrin etc.
A lokacin da Oduduwa ya zama fitaccen dan kabilar Ife a zamanin da, ana kyautata zaton shi da kungiyarsa sun kawo cikas ga tsarin siyasar al’ummomin 13, ta hanyar goyon bayan al’ummomi 6 daga cikin 13. Maimakon a tsige Obatala, garin ya kasu kashi biyu tare da sarakunan duka biyun suna zama sarakunan kungiyoyinsu. Mulkinsa ya takaita ga Idio. Sai dai al’adar Ife ta bayyana cewa ba a taba kiransa da Ooni ba, haka ma bai yi amfani da kambin gargajiya na Ife ba.
Bayan shekaru
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An kawo karshen takarar shugabancin sakamakon kokarin hadin gwiwar Obatala, Orunmila da Owa Ilare. Al'amurra uku sukai sanadiyar mutuwar Oduduwa. Bayan haka, wani babban bangare na goyon bayan Oduduwa ya watse – wannan kuma aka mayar da shi yana nufin tarwatsa ‘ya’yansa da jikokinsa tun daga Ife zuwa sansanonin da suka kafa ko kuma suka yi tasiri a kai.
Obalufon II Alayemore yana kan karagar mulki lokacin da Oranmiyan, dan Ogun amma galibi yana alaka da Oduduwa, ya dawo daga zamansa ya yi takarar sarautar Obalufon. Babu tabbas kan yadda Lajamisan ya kasance dan Oranmiyan, duk da cewa ya yi zalunci ya kwace mulki, kuma za a iya cewa shi ne zuriyar dukkan Oonis da suka yi sarauta a Ife tun daga lokacinsa har zuwa yanzu, lamarin da ya sa masana tarihi suka yi wa lakabi da Daular Lajamisan, wanda har ya zuwa yanzu ba a fasa ba. kusan shekaru 700.
Oranmiyan
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Oranmiyan dan Ogun ne amma da alama Oduduwa ya karbe shi matsayinda. Ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan jaruman tarihi na Yarbawa. Rigimar haihuwarsa ta samo asali ne saboda kasancewar Oduduwa da Ogun duk sun yi hulda da mace daya mahaifiyarsa. Ogun jarumi ne wanda balaguron sa ya kai ga kama wata mata a matsayin ganimar yaki kuma ya yi lalata da ita. Oduduwa dai ya so matar kuma ya yi lalata da ita tun tana da ciki. Ko yaya lamarin ya kasance, lamarin ya haifar da haihuwar Odede, wanda aka fi sani da Oranmiyan.[11] Daga baya Oranmiyan zai zama Alaafin Oyo na farko, kuma Ooni na Ife. Ya kuma yi wa wata ‘yar Sarkin Benin ciki wadda ta haifi Eweka, wanda ya kafa daular Oba a Benin.
Moremi da Ugbo
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Bayan tarwatsa dangin sarakuna da sarauniyoyi, ƴan ƙabilar sun zama marasa mulki, suka zama babbar barazana ga rayuwar Ife. Tunanin cewa su zuriyar Oranfe ne ta hanyar Obalufon Ogbogbodinrin (Osangangan Obamakin) wanda ya mulki kasar kafin zuwan Oranmiyan, wadannan mutane sun mayar da kansu ‘yan fashi. Suna zuwa garin sanye da kayan rafufawa masu ban tsoro da ban tsoro, suna kona gidaje da wawashe kasuwanni. A dai-dai lokacin ne Moremi Ajasoro, wata mata daga Igun a Ile-Ife ta zo wurin. An aurar da ita Lukagba, Obalufon Alayemore da Oranmiyan a lokuta daban-daban; Daga baya ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen maido da al'amura ta hanyar leken asiri. Ta yarda a kamo ta aka tafi da ita tare da barayi. Daga bisani ta auri sarkin Ugbo. Sabon mijin nata yana son jin daɗi daga gare ta amma ba ta yarda ba saboda ta yi aure a baya kuma tana kan manufa. Ta ce masa ya gaya mata sirrin 'yan fashin, bai so ba amma bayan ya zarge shi, sai ya bari. Ya ce mata abin da suke tsoro shi ne WUTA, idan sun ga wuta za su gudu. Bayan wannan bayanin ta tsara shirin guduwa. Ta nemi lemu ta sanya ruwan ya yi tasiri a kan mutanen fada. Da suka farka bayan cin su, sai suka tarar ta je ta gaya wa mutanenta rauninsu. Ta hanyar yin amfani da wannan bayanin, ba da daɗewa ba mutanen Ife suka shirya wa maharan.[12]
Madadin ra'ayi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Oduduwa da rawar da ya taka a labarin halitta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Al'adun addini na Yarbawa game da wayewar zamani sun yi iƙirarin cewa Oduduwa shine Orisa wanda Olodumare ya fi so. Don haka, shi (ko ita, kamar yadda Oduduwa na farko ya wakilci al’amuran Allahntaka na mata da kuma Obatala namijin Ubangiji) daga sama aka aiko shi ya halicci duniya bisa ruwa, aikin da ya kwace daga hannun abokinsa kuma dan uwansa Obatala, wanda ya yi. an sanye shi da harsashin katantanwa cike da yashi da zakara don watsa yashin da aka fada domin samar da kasa. Wadannan akidu da malaman gargajiya na Yarbawa ke rike da su a matsayin ginshikin tarihin halittarsu. Obatala da Oduduwa a nan ana wakilta su da alamar Calabash, inda Obatala ya ɗauki saman Oduduwa kuma ya ɗauki ƙasa. A cikin wannan labari, Oduduwa kuma ana kiransa da Olofin Otete, wanda ya karbi Kwandon Rayuwa daga Olodumare.
An gabatar da wani hoton Oduduwa a matsayin matar Obatala a cikin Odu Ifa Osa Meji, aya ta bakan Ifa. A cikin wannan Odu, Obatala ya gano sirrin matarsa kuma ya sace mata rigar masakin don ya saka da kansa. Ana ba da shawarar wannan don zama wakilcin tarihi na canji daga matriarchy zuwa na sarauta.[13]
Wannan al’adar nazarin sararin samaniya a wasu lokuta an hade ta da al’adar Oduduwa ta tarihi. A cewar wasu hadisai, ana ganin sunan Oduduwa na tarihi a matsayin sunan Oduduwa na farko, wanda mace ce kuma mai alaka da Duniya da ake kira Ile.[14][15]
Al'adun farko na ko dai wani jinsi ne shi/ita ana ganin alomomin mace a cikin wakilcin ruhi a al'adar Gelede. Mafarin Gelede sun karɓi wurin ibada ga Oduduwa tare da tufa da abin rufe fuska na Gelede. Wannan yana magana da Oduduwa kamar yadda ake dangantawa da iyayen kakannin Allah waɗanda aka sani da Awon iya wa ko Iyami a ƙarƙashin umarninsu. Anan ana girmama Oduduwa a matsayin mahaifiyar Yarbawa.[16]
Ra'ayin Bayerabe Musulmi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Daga cikin masu sukar al'adun Yarabawa game da Oduduwa akwai malamin Yarbawa Musulmi mazaunin Landan, Sheikh Dr. Abu-Abdullah Adelabu . A wata hira da wata kafar yada labarai ta Najeriya, wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban kungiyar Awqaf Africa Society da ke Landan ya yi watsi da akidar da aka saba da ita na cewa dukkanin Yarbawa zuriyar Oduduwa ne a matsayin “wakilin karya da masu bautar Orisha suke yi don samun wata fa’ida ta rashin adalci a kan yada addinin Musulunci da kuma yada addinin Musulunci. daukar ma'aikata na Kiristanci ". Malamin musulmin ya shawarci mabiyansa da su guji amfani da kalmomi irin su Omo Oduduwa (ko ‘ya’yan Oduduwa ) da Ile Oduduwa (ko Kasar Oduduwa ). Ya kara da cewa, labarin cewa duk Yarbawa ’ya’yan Oduduwa ne, ya samo asali ne daga baki kawai. [17]
Wasu madadin ra'ayoyi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Wasu mutanen sun yi ikirarin alaka da Oduduwa. A cewar kabilar Kanuri, Yauri, Gobir, Acipu, Jukun da Borgu - wadanda aka ce kakanninsu ne ’yan’uwan Oduduwa [18] (kamar yadda Samuel Johnson ya rubuta a karni na 19), Oduduwa dan Damerudu ne, wanda Yarabawa ke kira. ko dai Lamurudu ko Lamerudu, basarake wanda shi kansa dan mayen sarki Kisra ne . An ce Kisra da abokansa sun yi yaki da Mohammed a yakin Badar . An tilastawa Kisra yin hijira daga Larabawa zuwa Afirka bayan ya sha kashi a hannun masu jihadi a shekara ta 624 miladiyya. Shi da mabiyansa sun kafa masarautu da dauloli da dama a kan hanyarsu ta hijira zuwa yammacin Afirka.[19][20][21] Wannan al'ada wani bambance-bambancen imani ne da ke cewa Oduduwa basarake ne wanda ya samo asali daga Makka. Sai dai kuma, wasu masana na ganin wannan akidar ta samo asali ne daga tasirin da suka biyo baya a kan al’adun Yarabawa na Musulunci da sauran addinan Ibrahim, da kuma cin karo da al’adun gargajiyar Yarabawa.[22][23]
Duba kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Candomble addini
- Jerin sarakunan Ife
- Legends na Afirka
- Addinin Santeria
- Addinin Yarbawa
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Law, R. C. C. (1973). "The Heritage of Oduduwa: Traditional History and Political Propaganda among the Yoruba". The Journal of African History. 14 (2): 207–222. doi:10.1017/S0021853700012524. ISSN 0021-8537. JSTOR 180445.
- ↑ "The Yoruba States | World Civilization". courses.lumenlearning.com. Retrieved 2020-05-26.
- ↑ "Lynch, Patricia Ann (17 June 2018). African Mythology, A to Z. ISBN 9781438119885.
- ↑ "Alokan, Adeware (17 June 2018). The Origin, Growth & Development of Efon Alaaye Kingdom. ISBN 9789783456785.
- ↑ Obayemi, A., "The Yoruba and Edo-speaking Peoples and their Neighbors before 1600 AD", in J. F. A. Ajayi & M. Crowder (eds), History of West Africa, vol. I (1976), 255–322.
- ↑ "Falola, Toyin; Mbah, Emmanuel (17 June 2018). Dissent, Protest and Dispute in Africa. ISBN 9781315413082.
- ↑ "Arifalo, S. O. (17 June 2018). The Egbe Omo Oduduwa: a study in ethnic and cultural nationalism. ISBN 9789783550766.
- ↑ "Atanda, Joseph Adebowale; Oguntomisin, Dare (17 June 2018). Readings in Nigerian History and Culture. ISBN 9789783654822.
- ↑ "Rapoport, Amos (17 June 2018). The Mutual Interaction of People and Their Built Environment. ISBN 9783110819052.
- ↑ The history of the Yorubas : from the earliest times to the beginning of the British Protectorate. Johnson, Samuel, d. 1901; Johnson, O. (Obadiah). 1921.
- ↑ Beier, Ulli (1980-10-02). Yoruba Myths. ISBN 9780521229951.
- ↑ "Yoruba Alliance: Archived 2011-07-02 at the Wayback MachineWho are the Yoruba!
- ↑ Washington, Teresa (2014). The Architects of Existence. United States: Oyas Tornado. pp. 25–28. ISBN 978-0991073016.
- ↑ "Lawal, Babatunde (1995). "À Yà Gbó, À Yà Tó: New Perspectives on Edan Ògbóni" (PDF). African Arts. 28 (1): 36–49. doi:10.2307/3337249. JSTOR 3337249 – via Jstor.
- ↑ Babatunde, E.D. (1980). "Ketu Myths and the Status of Women" (PDF). Ayelekumari.com. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
- ↑ Drewal, Margaret and Henry (1993). Gelede:Art and Female Power among the Yoruba. Indiana University Press. pp. 232–234. ISBN 0253205654.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedAlMajallah - ↑ History of the Yorubas by Samuel Johnson 1921
- ↑ A. Matthews " The Kisra legend) "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00020185008706819?journalCode=cast20
- ↑ "Eluyemi, Omotoso (17 June 2018). "This is Ile-Ife"
- ↑ "Akinjogbin, I. A. (17 June 2018). Milestones and concepts in Yoruba history and culture. ISBN 9789763331392.
- ↑ "Ogundipe, Ayodele (2012). Esu Elegbara: Chance, Uncertainly In Yoruba Mythology. Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria: Kwara State University Press. p. 15. ISBN 9789789275908.
- ↑ Bascom, Yoruba, p. 10; Stride, Ifeka: "Peoples and Empires", p. 290.
Ci gaba da karatu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Ojuade, JS, "Batun 'Oduduwa' a cikin jinsin Yarbawa: tatsuniyoyi da gaskiya", Transafrican Journal of History, 21 (1992), 139-158.