Gurbacewar ruwa
 Gurbacewar ruwa | |
|---|---|
type of pollution (en)  | |
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
Gurɓacewa da water pollution (en) |
| Object class of occurrence (en) |
ocean (en) |
Gurbacewar ruwa (ko gurɓatar ruwa) ita ce gurɓatawar ruwa, yawanci sakamakon ayyukan ɗan Adam, ta yadda hakan yayi illa ga amfaninsa. :6Jikunan ruwa sun haɗa da tabkuna, koguna, tekuna, magudanan ruwa, tafki da ruwan ƙarƙashin ƙasa kasa . Rashin gurɓataccen ruwa yana haifar da lokacin da gurɓataccen abu ya haɗu da waɗannan jikunan ruwa. Gurɓatawa na iya fitowa daga ɗaya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin guda huɗu: magudanar ruwa, ayyukan masana'antu, ayyukan noma, da kwararar ruwa a birane ciki har da ruwan sama .[1] Gurbacewar ruwa ko dai gurbacewar ruwa ce ko kuma gurbatar ruwan ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Wannan nau'i na gurbatar yanayi na iya haifar da matsaloli da yawa, kamar gurɓatar halittun ruwa ,ko yaɗuwar cututtukan da ke haifar da ruwa lokacin da mutane ke amfani da gurɓataccen ruwa, don sha ko ban ruwa .[2] Wata matsala kuma ita ce, gurbacewar ruwa na rage ayyukan muhalli ,(kamar samar da ruwan sha ) da albarkatun ruwa za su samar.
Tushen gurɓacewar ruwa ko dai tushen maki ne ko kuma wuraren da ba su da tushe . Maɓuɓɓuka masu tushe suna da dalili guda ɗaya da za a iya gane su, kamar guguwa magudanar ruwa, wurin sarrafa ruwan sha ko zubewar mai . Madogaran da ba su da ma'ana sun fi yaɗuwa, kamar zubar ruwan noma .[3] Lalacewa shine sakamakon tarawar tasirin akan lokaci. Gurɓatawa na iya ɗaukar nau'in abubuwa masu guba, (misali, man fetur, karafa, robobi, magungunan kashe qwari, gurɓataccen gurɓataccen yanayi, samfuran sharar masana'antu), yanayin damuwa (misali, canje-canje na pH, hypoxia ko anoxia, yawan zafin jiki, (
turbidity) mai yawa, canje-canje na salini ), ko shigar da kwayoyin cuta . Masu gurɓatawa na iya haɗawa da kwayoyin halitta da abubuwan da ba a haɗa su ba . Dalili na yau da kullun na gurɓataccen zafin jiki shine amfani da ruwa azaman sanyaya ta masana'antar wutar lantarki da masana'antu.[4]
Gudanar da gurɓataccen ruwa yana buƙatar abubuwan da suka dace da tsare- tsaren gudanarwa da kuma dokoki. Hanyoyin fasaha na iya haɗawa da inganta tsaftar tsafta, kula da najasa, masana'antu da ruwa da ruwa, aikin noma da ruwa, kula da yashwa, kula da ruwa da kuma kula da zubar da ruwa na birane (ciki har da sarrafa ruwa).
Ma'anarsa.
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ma’anar gurɓacewar ruwa a aikace ita ce: “Tsarin gurɓacewar ruwa shi ne qarin wasu abubuwa ko sifofin makamashi da ke canza yanayin ruwa kai tsaye ko a kaikaice ta yadda zai yi illa ga halastaccen amfaninsa”. :6Ruwa ana kiransa gurɓatacce ne lokacin da gurɓataccen ɗan adam ya lalata shi. Saboda waɗannan gurɓatattun abubuwa, ko dai baya tallafawa wani amfani na ɗan adam, kamar ruwan sha, ko kuma yana fuskantar canji mai ma'ana a cikin ikonsa na tallafawa al'ummomin biotic, kamar kifi.[5]
gurɓatawa.
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Gurɓatattun abubuwa masu asali a cikin najasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Abubuwan da ke biyowa duk suna iya isa ga jikin ruwa ta hanyar danyen najasa ko ma fitar da najasa da aka yi amfani da su:
- Sinadarai iri-iri da ake samu a cikin tsaftar mutum da kayan kwalliya .
- Kayayyakin rigakafin da aka samu a cikin ruwan sha da aka lalatar da sinadarai (yayin da waɗannan sinadarai za su iya zama gurɓatacce a cikin hanyar rarraba ruwa, suna da rauni sosai don haka ba a saba samun su a cikin ruwan muhalli). [6]
- Hormones (daga kiwon dabbobi da ragowar daga hanyoyin hana haihuwa na hormonal ɗan adam) da kayan roba irin su phthalates waɗanda ke kwaikwayon hormones a cikin aikinsu. Waɗannan na iya yin tasiri ko da a cikin ƙarancin ƙima akan biota na halitta da yuwuwar akan ɗan adam idan an kula da ruwan kuma ana amfani da shi don ruwan sha.
- maganin kashe kwari da magungunan ciyawa, sau da yawa daga zubar da ruwa na noma.
Idan gurbacewar ruwa ta samo asali ne daga najasa (ruwa na birni), manyan gurɓatattun abubuwa sune: daskararrun da aka dakatar da su, ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta da ba za a iya lalata su ba, abubuwan gina jiki da ƙwayoyin cuta (cututtuka masu haifar da cuta). :6
Manazarta.
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Charles Sheppard, ed. (2019). World seas : an Environmental Evaluation. III, Ecological Issues and Environmental Impacts (Second ed.). London. ISBN 978-0128052044. OCLC 1052566532.
- ↑ Duce, Robert, Galloway, J. and Liss, P. (2009). "The Impacts of Atmospheric Deposition to the Ocean on Marine Ecosystems and Climate WMO Bulletin Vol 58 (1)". Archived from the original on December 7, 2022. Retrieved September 22, 2020.
- ↑ "What is the biggest source of pollution in the ocean?". National Ocean Service (US). Silver Spring, MD: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2022-09-21.
- ↑ Breitburg, Denise; Levin, Lisa A.; Oschlies, Andreas; Grégoire, Marilaure; Chavez, Francisco P.; Conley, Daniel J.; Garçon, Véronique; Gilbert, Denis; Gutiérrez, Dimitri; Isensee, Kirsten; Jacinto, Gil S. (2018-01-05). "Declining oxygen in the global ocean and coastal waters". Science (in Turanci). 359 (6371): eaam7240. Bibcode:2018Sci...359M7240B. doi:10.1126/science.aam7240. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 29301986.
- ↑ Patin, S.A. "Anthropogenic impact in the sea and marine pollution". offshore-environment.com. Retrieved 1 February 2018.
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]| Albarkatun ɗakin karatu game da </br> Gurbacewar ruwa |
- Magance gurbacewar ruwa a duniya - Shirin Muhalli na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya