CentOS 8 / CentOS Stream 8 升级 CentOS Stream 9 简明教程
哦,我的老伙计!你知道吗?CentOS 8
在2021年12月31日完蛋啦!🎉🎉🎉
还在用CentOS 8
吗?为什么不换成CentOS Stream 8
、Rocky Linux 8
或者AlmaLinux
呢?
等等!CentOS Stream 9
已经发布了?官方源里面居然还有Nodejs16
和Golang1.17.5
?还有kernel5.14
和glic 2.34
?
如果你追求新功能和dnf
包管理器,CentOS Stream 9
可能是你第二好的选择!(第一依旧是Fedora
)
可是我的VPS服务商不提供CentOS Stream 9
的镜像,甚至也不提供CentOS Stream 8
的镜像,我只能用过时的CentOS 8
的镜像,这岂不是很糟糕?
别担心,通过这篇文章提供的方法,您也能在CentOS 8
上升级到CentOS Stream 9
,保留所有数据,并且不用重装系统!
Warning:升级大版本有可能会导致软件甚至系统无法正常运行,请谨慎操作!
Tips: 开始操作前请您阅读全文。遇到问题您可以开issue
,提交更好的解决方案请提交pull request
。
使用您熟悉的备份工具备份您的数据,如果您的服务商支持快照功能,强烈建议您创建快照后再进行操作。
CentOS 8
生命周期已结束,您可以通过以下方法升级到CentOS Stream 8
:
切换到vault
源,这里使用清华源做演示,您可以更换为其他源。
minorver=8.5.2111
sudo sed -e "s|^mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g" \
-e "s|^#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/\$contentdir/\$releasever|baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos-vault/$minorver|g" \
-i.bak \
/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-*.repo
更新CentOS Stream 8
sudo dnf install \
http://mirror.centos.org/centos/8-stream/BaseOS/x86_64/os/Packages/centos-stream-repos-8-4.el8.noarch.rpm \
http://mirror.centos.org/centos/8-stream/BaseOS/x86_64/os/Packages/centos-stream-release-8.6-1.el8.noarch.rpm \
http://mirror.centos.org/centos/8-stream/BaseOS/x86_64/os/Packages/centos-gpg-keys-8-4.el8.noarch.rpm \
-y
sudo dnf distro-sync --allowerasing -y
echo "Preparing to download RPMs"
echo "Setting up wget..."
sudo dnf install wget -y
echo "Creating directory ~/cs8to9/el9"
mkdir -p ~/cs8to9/el9
echo "Creating directory ~/cs8to9/epel9"
mkdir -p ~/cs8to9/epel9
echo "Downloading RPMs..."
cd ~/cs8to9/epel9
wget https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-9.noarch.rpm
wget https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-next-release-latest-9.noarch.rpm
cd ~/cs8to9/el9
wget http://mirror.stream.centos.org/9-stream/BaseOS/x86_64/os/Packages/centos-stream-release-9.0-22.el9.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirror.stream.centos.org/9-stream/BaseOS/x86_64/os/Packages/centos-stream-repos-9.0-22.el9.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirror.stream.centos.org/9-stream/BaseOS/x86_64/os/Packages/centos-gpg-keys-9.0-22.el9.noarch.rpm
cd
你可以在scripts
目录下找到cs9rpmdownload.sh
,运行它,它会执行上述指令,自动下载所有的RPMs。
echo "Removing old packages..."
sudo dnf autoremove -y
echo "Removing old kernels..."
echo "The following packages will be removed:"
rpm -q kernel && rpm -q kernel-devel && rpm -q kernel-core && rpm -q kernel-modules
read -p "Are you sure(y/N)? " -n 1 -r
if [[ $REPLY =~ ^[Yy]$ ]]
then
echo "yes"
sudo rpm -e `rpm -q kernel` --nodeps
sudo rpm -e `rpm -q kernel-devel` --nodeps
sudo rpm -e `rpm -q kernel-core` --nodeps
sudo rpm -e `rpm -q kernel-modules` --nodeps
fi
你可以在scripts
目录下找到removekernel.sh
,运行它,它会执行上述指令,自动移除非必要RPM包和旧内核。
echo "Installing CentOS Stream 9 RPMs..."
cd ~/cs8to9/el9
sudo dnf install centos-stream-release-9.0-22.el9.noarch.rpm centos-stream-repos-9.0-22.el9.noarch.rpm centos-gpg-keys-9.0-22.el9.noarch.rpm -y
echo "Installing EPEL 9 RPMs..."
cd ~/cs8to9/epel9
sudo dnf install epel-release-latest-9.noarch.rpm epel-next-release-latest-9.noarch.rpm -y
echo "Upgrade to CentOS Stream 9..."
sudo dnf distro-sync --allowerasing -y
echo "cat /etc/redhat-release"
cat /etc/redhat-release
你可以在scripts
目录下找到cs8to9.sh
,运行它,它会执行上述指令,自动升级CentOS Stream 9
。
echo "Rebuilding rpm database..."
sudo rpm --rebuilddb
echo "Reset dnf module cache..."
mkdir -p ~/cs8to9/empty && cd ~/cs8to9/empty
sudo dnf module reset * -y
echo "Installing new kernel..."
sudo dnf install kernel kernel-core kernel-devel kernel-modules -y
sudo dnf groupupdate "Core" "Minimal Install" -y
你可以在scripts
目录下找到installkernel.sh
,运行它,它会执行上述指令,自动安装新内核。
检查内核是否安装成功,如果安装成功,请重启系统。
dnf list --installed | grep -i "kernel"
sudo reboot
重启后,检查内核版本
uname -a
内核版本为应为5.14
echo "Rebuilding rescue image..."
sudo dnf reinstall dracut -y
mkdir -p ~/cs8to9/backup
sudo mv /boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-* ~/cs8to9/backup
sudo mv /boot/initramfs-0-rescue-*.img ~/cs8to9/backup
sudo /usr/lib/kernel/install.d/51-dracut-rescue.install add $(uname -r) "" /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/vmlinuz
你可以在scripts
目录下找到rebuildrescue.sh
,运行它,它会执行上述指令,自动重建rescue镜像。
cd ~/cs8to9/empty
sudo dnf reinstall -y *
享受你的新系统!
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