SQL builder.

• create database object: new PicoDatabase([host, [username, [password, [database, [encoding]]]]]);

• basic query: query('UPDATE table SET field = 1')

• query with placeholders: query('UPDATE table SET ?@ = ?_', 'field', '123') = UPDATE table SET `field` = '123'

• possible placeholders:

  • ?_ - parameter will be escaped as value (123\456'789 --> '123\\456\'789')
  • ?@ - parameter will be escaped as field name (some_field --> `some_field`)
  • ?* - parameter will be inserted as-is
  • ?? - "?" will be inserted

• to start build query: select(), insert(), optimizeTable(), etc.

• to finish query: execute() or fetch[Val/All/Col]

• simple chain: select('field')->from('table')->fetchAll()

• each chain call will be translated to SQL operator. Spaces will be added before big letters. optimizeTable('table') = OPTIMIZE TABLE table

• one or several call parameters (strings or numbers, without placeholders) will be just added to the query separated by comma: select('field1', 'field2') = SELECT field1, field2

• several same calls are exactly the same as one call with all parameters: select('field1')->select('field2') = SELECT field1, field2

• exceptions are where, set, on and having. Call with several parameters will be processed as associative array with first parameter as key and second as value (see below): select('*')->from('table')->where('field1', 1) = SELECT * FROM table WHERE field1 = '1'

• non-associative array also will be processed as several parameters: select(array('field1', 'field2')) = SELECT field1, field2

• exceptions are where, on and having. They will be added to the query separated by AND: select('*')->from('table')->where(array('field1', 'field2')) = SELECT field FROM table WHERE field1 AND field2

• if first parameter contains placeholders ("?" symbol, except "??") then other parameters (only in that call) will be used as parameters for placeholders: select('?@', 'field1', 'field2') = SELECT `field1` (yes, we lost field2 because we have only one placeholder)

• all elements from an array (of any type - associative or not) which is used as placeholder parameter will be processed as specified in the placeholder and added to the query separated by comma: select('?@', array('field1', 'field2')) = SELECT `field1`, `field2`

• associative arrays are processed by keys:

  • if key does not contain placeholders then it will generate (<key> = '<escaped value>)' (= will not be added if key ends with =, > or <)
  • if value is an array then IN will be used instead of =, all elements will be escaped and added to the query separated by comma and in brackets
  • if key contains placeholders ("?" symbol, except "??") then values (they should be in array, non-array value will be used as array with one element) will be used as parameters for placeholders:
  • one array can have different types of keys

  select('*')->from('table')->where(array(
    'field1' => 'val1',
    'field2 >' => 'val2',
    'field3' => array('val3.1', 'val3.2'),
    'field4 = ?*   ?_' => array('NOW()', 1)
  ))
  

  =

  SELECT * FROM table
    WHERE (field1 = 'val1')
    AND (field2 > 'val2')
    AND (field3 IN ('val3.1', 'val3.2'))
    AND (field4 = NOW()   '1')"
  

• set() is automatically added to insert/update/replace: update('table', array('field1' => 1)) = UPDATE table SET field1 = '1'

• where() is automatically added to insert/update/replace: update('table', array('field1' => 1), array('field2' => 2)) = UPDATE table SET field1 = '1' WHERE field2 = '2'