#MOBLuSE_FORTH -- a Forth (programming language) in Scratch 2 for Scratch.MIT.Edu
Article: https://scratch.mit.edu/discuss/topic/233532/
Shift click a green flag to start Turbo Mode, then click a green flag. It first runs a demo with graphics and sound at the end.
The FORTH programming language is good for embedded systems and is used in successful deep space missions, radio astronomy, and medical devices. This simulates a retro computer like e.g. Jupiter Ace, or ZX81 with ZX-FORTH from the early eighties. For these old computers FORTH was usually the fastest high level programming language/integrated development environment (IDE) available. http://www.forth.org/successes.html
Type using these keyboard keys (due to Scratch limitations):
0-9, A-Z = types key. FORTH is case insensitive.
Arrow right = Full stop, <.>.
Arrow left = Backspace, <BS>.
Arrow down = Carriage return/Enter, <CR>.
Arrow up = Shift - pressed before 0-9, A-Z, <.>, <SPACE>, <CR>.
Shift J = -. Shift K = . Shift B = *. Shift V = /. Shift M = >. Shift 1 = !. Shift 2 = @. Shift I = (. Shift O = ). Shift P = ". Shift Arrow right = ,. Shift Z = :. Shift X = ;. Shift C = ?.
Shift A = Ask – this makes copying from a tutorial and pasting into Scratch possible – typographical quote-characters from pasted text are converted to ASCII.
Shift SPACE = Break.
The keyboard layout is inspired by SPONZY – a ROM for ZX81 which makes that computer ZX Spectrum compatible (Speccy on Zeddy).
If you run this on a device w/o keyboard, you may use the screen keyboard by clicking the blue keyboard in the upper right corner (same as Shift A / Arrow up A).
You can hide the stacks by going inside and click the check-boxes for the lists in the category Data.
The error codes are explained in: http://lars.nocrew.org/dpans/dpans9.htm
Examples (press <CR> i.e. arrow down after each command):
WORDS – Lists all commands.
.KEYB – Prints the keyboard layout.
: QUADRATIC ( a b c x – n ) >R SWAP ROT R@ * R> * ; 2 7 9 3 QUADRATIC .<CR> – Computes a*x^2 b*x c, where a=2, b=7, c=9, x=3.
: GIFT ." chocolate" ; : GIVER ." Mum" ; : THANKS CR ." Dear " GIVER ." ," CR ." Thanks for the " GIFT ." . " ; THANKS
: FACT ?DUP IF DUP 1 - FACT * ELSE 1 THEN ; 7 FACT .
: STAR 42 EMIT ;
: STARS 0 ?DO STAR LOOP ;
: MARGIN CR 25 SPACES ;
: BLIP MARGIN STAR ;
: BAR MARGIN 5 STARS ;
: F BAR BLIP BAR BLIP BLIP CR ; F
All characters:
: .charset 1 do i emit loop ; 288 .charset
: .matrix ( r c – ) swap 0 ?do cr dup 0 ?do ." (" j 1 . ." ," i 1 . ." ) " loop loop drop ; 5 3 .matrix
Mutually recursive functions:
: EVEN? ;
: ODD? ( n – true | false ) DUP 0= IF EXIT THEN 1 - EVEN? ;
: EVEN? ( n – true | false ) DUP 0= IF 1 - EXIT THEN 1 - ODD? ;
This is not standard FORTH, but simpler, because this FORTH currently uses the latest definition of a word during run-time.
Function pointers:
: COUNTS ' ROT ROT 0 DO OVER EXECUTE LOOP NIP ;
: CONVICTED-OF ( -- no-sentence ) 0 ; : ARSON ( sentence -- sentence 10 ) 10 ; : HOMICIDE ( sentence -- sentence 20 ) 20 ; : BOOKMAKING ( sentence -- sentence 2 ) 2 ; : TAX-EVASION ( sentence -- sentence 5 ) 5 ; : WILL-SERVE ( sentence -- ) . ." years " ;
CONVICTED-OF BOOKMAKING 3 COUNTS TAX-EVASION WILL-SERVE
Extending the compiler, example from: https://rosettacode.org/wiki/Extend_your_language#Forth :
: BOTH postpone IF postpone IF ; immediate : ORELSE postpone THEN postpone ELSE postpone IF ; immediate : NEITHER postpone THEN postpone THEN ; immediate :
fb ( n -- ) dup 5 mod 0= over 3 mod 0= BOTH ." FizzBuzz " ELSE ." Fizz " ORELSE ." Buzz " ELSE dup . NEITHER drop ;
: fizzbuzz ( n -- ) 0 do i 1 fb loop ; 100 fizzbuzz
: STRING CREATE ALLOT DOES> ; 5 STRING VALVE
3 VALVE C@ .
I have made some new videos about this FORTH programming language and a FORTH playlist:
- (old) https://youtu.be/VZfUFnioLko 1 min <-- Dec 26 2016
- (new) https://youtu.be/FwEgRetggFg 1 min <-- Feb 2 2017
- (new) https://youtu.be/tPk1nNgq6NE 1 min
- (new) https://youtu.be/tZOYPTv77pI 1 min
- (new) https://youtu.be/nr0c87lrC64 1 min
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLD8D8534DD63B28EA
Please report bugs and test-code in the comments!
It's called #MOBLuSE_FORTH.
FORTH: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forth_(programming_language)
The goal is to be compatible with the book "Starting FORTH" by Leo Brodie: https://www.forth.com/starting-forth/ . I have now tested it with chapter 1-2, 3 (except disk) & 4-11 (except strings and formatted number printing).
Jupiter Ace was a computer with FORTH built-in:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter_Ace . This program should have a Jupiter Ace compatibility mode. Also for ZX-FORTH for ZX81: http://zx81.ordi5.free.fr/k7/k7.htm . Also for ANS FORTH: http://lars.nocrew.org/dpans/dpans.htm .
The Scratch 2 version works in Phosphorus (i.e. using only JavaScript and no Flash), but w/o showing stacks as lists:
http://phosphorus.github.io/#137676871
http://phosphorus.github.io/app.html?id=137676871&turbo=true&full-screen=true
The Scratch 3 version works in TurboWarp, and shows the stacks as lists:
https://turbowarp.org/302444111?turbo
Used Tosh as editor: https://tosh.blob.codes/ . I also used Scratch 2 Offline Editor for debugging. I use FORTH-code from @BookOwl's Scratching FORTH in the sprite Compiled for testing: https://scratch.mit.edu/discuss/topic/213122/ .
TODO: IF with empty stack, answer to exercise 4-5 in "Starting FORTH", editing command-line, history, all Scratch-commands, INCLUDED, screens, rest of the words from "Starting FORTH", optimizations e.g. stack-compression, bit-wise operators e.g. https://scratch.mit.edu/projects/18323862/ .
Rules for programming FORTH: ftp://ftp.rssd.esa.int/pub/Cluster/directory/PP/Software/LSE_SW_Development/LSE-FORTH-Coding-Rules.PDF
Books about FORTH:
https://www.jupiter-ace.co.uk/index_forth_books.html