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Two ways to traceroute (one is TCP ICMP, another is UDP ICMP, TCP is better)

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pyTraceRoute

Two ways to traceroute.
One is TCP ICMP, another is UDP ICMP.
The TCP is better than UDP, because UDP is more easily blocked by firewall.
Use Python 3 and Linux Mint 18.1 (Ubuntu 16.04.2 LTS)

UDP & ICMP Trace Route

Tracert/TraceRouter Process
1.Struct UDP Datagram, Set TTL(Time to Live) = 1
2.Send Out UDP Datagram, Record Time t1,
3.Receive ICMP Error Packets

    Timeout -> Middleware Router, Continue to 4
     - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
    |0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|1|1|1|1|1|1|1|1|1|1|2|2|2|2|2|2|2|2|2|2|3|3|
    |0|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|0|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|0|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|0|1|
     - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
    |   Type = 11   |   Code = 0    |           Checksum            |
     - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
    |                            Unused                             |
     - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
    |              IP Header   Original Data Fisrt 8B               |
     - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 

    Unreachable -> Endpoint Router, Stop the program.
     - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
    |0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|1|1|1|1|1|1|1|1|1|1|2|2|2|2|2|2|2|2|2|2|3|3|
    |0|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|0|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|0|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|0|1|
     - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
    |   Type = 3    |   Code = 3    |           Checksum            |
     - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
    |                            Unused                             |
     - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
    |              IP Header   Original Data Fisrt 8B               |
     - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 

4.TTL = TTL   1, Return Item 2.

TCP & ICMP Trace Route

Tracert/TraceRouter Process
1.Struct TCP, Set TTL(Time to Live) = 1
2.Try to start TCP connection, Record Time t1,
3.Receive ICMP Error Packets

    Timeout -> Middleware Router, Continue to 4
     - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
    |0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|1|1|1|1|1|1|1|1|1|1|2|2|2|2|2|2|2|2|2|2|3|3|
    |0|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|0|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|0|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|0|1|
     - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
    |   Type = 11   |   Code = 0    |           Checksum            |
     - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
    |                            Unused                             |
     - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
    |              IP Header   Original Data Fisrt 8B               |
     - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 

    Reachable -> Catch TCP [SYN, ACK], Endpoint Router, Stop the program.

4.TTL = TTL   1, Return Item 2.

TCP [SYN] -> ICMP [TTL Exceeded]

TCP [SYN] -> TCP [SYN, ACK]

IP(Internet Protocol):

 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|1|1|1|1|1|1|1|1|1|1|2|2|2|2|2|2|2|2|2|2|3|3|
|0|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|0|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|0|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|0|1|
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
|Version|  IHL  |Type of Service|         Total Length          |
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
|        Identification         | Flags | Fragmentation Offset  |
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
| Time to Live  |   Protocol    |        Header Checksum        |
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
|                        Source Address                         |
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
|                      Destination Address                      |
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
|                    Options                    |    Padding    |
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
|                             Data                              |
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

ICMP(Internet Control Message Protocol):

 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|1|1|1|1|1|1|1|1|1|1|2|2|2|2|2|2|2|2|2|2|3|3|
|0|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|0|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|0|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|0|1|
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
|     Type      |     Code      |           Checksum            |
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
|          Identifier           |        Sequence Number        |
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
|                         Optional Data                         |
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

TCP(Transmission Control Protocol)

 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|1|1|1|1|1|1|1|1|1|1|2|2|2|2|2|2|2|2|2|2|3|3|
|0|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|0|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|0|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|0|1|
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
|          Source Port          |       Destination Port        |
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
|                        Sequence Number                        |
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
|               Acknowledgment Number(if ACK set)               |
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
| Data  | | | |N|C|E|U|A|P|R|S|F|            Window             |
|       |0|0|0| |W|C|R|C|S|S|Y|I|                               |
|Offset | | | |S|R|E|G|K|H|T|N|N|             Size              |
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
|           Checksum            |   Urgent pointer(if URG set)  |
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
|                            Options                            |
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

UDP(User Datagram Protocol)

 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|1|1|1|1|1|1|1|1|1|1|2|2|2|2|2|2|2|2|2|2|3|3|
|0|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|0|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|0|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|0|1|
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
|          Source Port          |       Destination Port        |
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
|             Length            |           Checksum            |
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
|                             Data                              |
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

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Two ways to traceroute (one is TCP ICMP, another is UDP ICMP, TCP is better)

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python router tcp udp icmp python3 traceroute tracert

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