The Keycloak JUnit 5 test framework makes it easy to write tests for Keycloak and extensions. Behind the scenes the framework handles the lifecycle of Keycloak, the database, and any injected resources such as realms and clients.

Tests simply declare what they want, including specific configuration, and the framework takes care of the rest.

An example is better than a lot of words, so here is a very basic test:

@KeycloakIntegrationTest
public class BasicTest {

    @InjectRealm
    ManagedRealm realm;

    @Test
    public void test() {
        Assertions.assertEquals("default", realm.getName());
        Assertions.assertEquals(0, realm.admin().users().list().size());
    }

}

Managed resources can have the following life-cycles:

• Global - Shared across multiple test classes
• Class - Shared across multiple test methods within the same test class
• Method - Only used for a single test method

The framework handles the lifecycle accordingly to how it is configured in the annotation, or the default lifecycle for a given resource.

For example the default lifecycle for a realm is Class, but it can be changed through the annotation:

@InjectRealm(lifecycle = LifeCycle.METHOD)
ManagedRealm realm;

@Test
public void test() {
    realm.admin().users().create(...);
}

@Test
public void test2() {
    Assertions.assertEquals(0, realm.admin().users().list().size());
}

When the lifecycle is set to Method the realm is automatically destroyed and re-created for each test method, as seen in the above example where one test method adds a user to the realm, but the user is not present in the next test.

The general recommendation is to use the Class lifecycle for realms, clients, and users. Making sure that individual test methods leave the resource in a way that can be re-used. Realms for example with global lifecycle can be harder to maintain as individual test classes can break other tests, but at the same time using global resources can be useful as it will be more performant.

Resources are configured by declaring the required configuration through a Java class. This Java class can be an inner-class if it's only used for a single test class, or can be a proper class when multiple tests share the same configuration.

For example to create a realm with a specific configuration:

@InjectRealm(config = MyRealmConfig.class)
ManagedRealm realm;

static class MyRealmConfig implements RealmConfig {

    @Override
    public RealmRepresentation getRepresentation() {
        return builder()
                .name("myrealm")
                .groups("group-a", "group-b")
                .build();
    }
}

The framework will automatically re-create global resources if they don't match the required configuration. For example:

@KeycloakIntegrationTest
public class Test1 {

    @InjectRealm(lifecycle = LifeCycle.GLOBAL, config = MyRealmConfig.class)
    ManagedRealm realm;

}

@KeycloakIntegrationTest
public class Test2 {

    @InjectRealm(lifecycle = LifeCycle.GLOBAL, config = MyOtherRealm.class)
    ManagedRealm realm;

}

In this example the realm from Test1 would be destroyed and a new realm created for Test2 since different configuration is requested.

By default, a resource does not have a reference, and child-resources are created within parent the resource without a reference. For example in the following example userA will be created within realmA:

@InjectRealm
ManagedRealm realmA;

@InjectUser
ManagedUser userA;

If you need for instance multiple realms within a test you need to set a reference on it, and use this reference for child resources:

@InjectRealm
ManagedRealm realmA;

@InjectUser
ManagedUser userA;

@InjectRealm(ref = "realmB")
ManagedRealm realmB;

@InjectUser(realmRef = "realmB")
ManagedUser userB;

As with resources without a reference if a resource is re-used in another test class compatibility will be checked. For example:

@KeycloakIntegrationTest
public class Test1 {
    @InjectRealm(lifecycle = LifeCycle.GLOBAL, ref = "realmA")
    ManagedRealm realmA;

    @InjectRealm(lifecycle = LifeCycle.GLOBAL, ref="realmB", config = MyRealmConfig.class)
    ManagedRealm realmB;
}

@KeycloakIntegrationTest
public class Test2 {
    @InjectRealm(lifecycle = LifeCycle.GLOBAL, ref = "realmA")
    ManagedRealm realmA;
    
    @InjectRealm(lifecycle = LifeCycle.GLOBAL, ref="realmB", config = MyOtherRealm.class)
    ManagedRealm realmB;
}

In the above example realmA will be reused both for Test1 and Test2, while realmB will be re-created between the two test classes since the required configuration differs.

The Keycloak admin client can be injected directly, which is automatically connected to the test server:

@InjectAdminClient
org.keycloak.admin.client.Keycloak keycloak;

@Test
public void testAdminClient() {
    keycloak.realms().findAll();
}

It is also available directly for a managed resource:

@InjectRealm
ManagedRealm realm;

@Test
public void testRealmAdmin() {
    realm.admin().users().list();
}

Frequently when testing Keycloak it is required to interact with login pages, required actions, etc. through the browser. This can be done in two ways, where the most convenient way is to inject a Java Page representation:

@InjectPage
LoginPage loginPage;

@Test
public void testLogin() {
    // Do something to open the login page
    loginPage.fillLogin(..);
    loginPage.submit();
}

An alternative approach is to inject the WebDriver directly:

@InjectWebDriver
WebDriver webDriver;

@Test
public void test() {
    webDriver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.TAB);
}

A convenient way to test OAuth flows are with the OAuth Client. This provides convenient methods to perform different OAuth flows, and it even automatically creates its own client within the realm. For example:

@InjectOAuthClient
OAuthClient oAuthClient;

@Test
public void testClientCredentials() throws Exception {
    TokenResponse tokenResponse = oAuthClient.clientCredentialGrant();
    Assertions.assertTrue(tokenResponse.indicatesSuccess());
    Assertions.assertNotNull(tokenResponse.toSuccessResponse().getTokens().getAccessToken());
}

Tests can be run from your favourite IDE, or from the command-line using Maven. Simply run the tests and the framework does the rest.

When running tests there are a few things than be configured:

• Server type
• Database type
• Browser type

There are a few options on how to configure the test framework, with the following ordinal:

• System properties
• Environment variables
• .env file in the current working directory
• A properties file specified with kc.test.config system property or KC_TEST_CONFIG environment variable

This is not the most convenient way as it is both cumbersome to set system properties when running tests from the IDE, or when running tests using Maven.

For Maven see Maven Surefire Plugin documentation on how to set system properties when using the Surefire plugin to run tests. A brief example would look something like:

  <build>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
        <configuration>
          <systemPropertyVariables>
            <kc.test.browser>firefox</kc.test.browser>
          </systemPropertyVariables>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>

When running tests from the CLI using environment variables is the recommended way. For example:

KC_TEST_BROWSER=firefox mvn test 

As with system properties, using environment variables within the IDE can be cumbersome.

When running tests from an IDE using the .env file is very convenient, especially as this can be added to .gitignore allowing developers to quickly have their own personal preference when running tests.

Example .env file:

KC_TEST_BROWSER=firefox

Using a property file allows creating a set of configuration which can be committed to a Git repository to be shareable.

For example create the file /path/mytestconfig.properties with the following contents:

kc.test.browser=firefox
kc.test.server=remote

Then run tests with:

KC_TEST_CONFIG=/path/mytestconfig.properties mvn test 

Option: kc.test.server / KC_TEST_SERVER

Valid values:

Option: kc.test.database / KC_TEST_DATABASE

Valid values:

Configuration:

Option: kc.test.browser / KC_TEST_BROWSER

Valid values: