This Python code visualizes age dependency ratios for the Czech Republic, separating them into overall, young, and old age dependency ratios. This can be helpful for understanding population trends and planning for social services.

This script requires the following Python libraries:

• pandas (for data manipulation)
• matplotlib (for plotting)

The code retrieves data from the World Bank's Population Estimates and Projections: https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/search/dataset/0037655/Population-Estimates-and-Projections dataset.

1. Save the code: Save this code as a Python file (e.g.,population.py).
2. Ensure libraries are installed: Make sure you have pandas and matplotlib installed in your Python environment. You can install them using: pip install pandas matplotlib.
3. Run the script: Execute the script population.py.

The script will

• Read the population data for the Czech Republic.
• Calculate the overall, young, and old age dependency ratios.
• Generate three separate plots visualizing these ratios over time.

• Age Dependency Ratio: Age dependency ratio is the ratio of dependents--people younger than 15 or older than 64--to the working-age population--those ages 15-64. Data are shown as the proportion of dependents per 100 working-age population.
• Age Dependency Ratio, Old: Age dependency ratio, old, is the ratio of older dependents--people older than 64--to the working-age population--those ages 15-64. Data are shown as the proportion of dependents per 100 working-age population.every 100 working-age adults.
• Age Dependency Ratio, Young: Age dependency ratio, young, is the ratio of younger dependents--people younger than 15--to the working-age population--those ages 15-64. Data are shown as the proportion of dependents per 100 working-age population.
• Rural population (% of total population): Rural population refers to people living in rural areas as defined by national statistical offices. It is calculated as the difference between total population and urban population.
• Urban population (% of total population): Urban population refers to people living in urban areas as defined by national statistical offices. The data are collected and smoothed by United Nations Population Division.

• The script assumes the data file (Population-EstimatesEXCEL.csv) is in the same directory as the script itself.

In the Czech Republic, the population is aging. According to the World Bank, the proportion of the population that is over 65 years old is expected to increase. This will have a number of challenges for the Czech Republic, including:

• A smaller workforce: The Czech Republic already has a relatively low birth rate, and the aging population will further reduce the size of the workforce. This could make it difficult for the country to maintain its current economic growth rate.

• A higher dependency ratio: The dependency ratio is the number of dependents (people who are not working) for every 100 people of working age. The aging population will increase the dependency ratio in the Czech Republic, which could put a strain on the social security system.

• A shortage of healthcare workers: The Czech Republic already has a shortage of healthcare workers, and the aging population will only make this problem worse. This could lead to longer wait times for healthcare and poorer quality of care.

The Czech Republic, like many countries around the world, is experiencing a shift in population from rural to urban areas. This trend is expected to continue in the coming years, and it will bring with it a number of challenges that the Czech Republic will need to address.

• One challenge is the increased demand for housing and infrastructure in cities. As more people move to cities, there will be a greater need for apartments, houses, and other forms of housing. This could lead to rising housing costs and make it difficult for some people to afford to live in cities. Additionally, cities will need to invest in infrastructure such as transportation, schools, and hospitals to accommodate the growing population.