• To boost exploration, you should use negative rewards, such that the agent will visit more unvisited state-action pairs.
• To boost exploitation, you should use positive rewards, such that the agent will repeatedly visit previously visited state-action pairs.

• Reward Design in Deep RL
• Reward Design for Better Exploration
• Ensemble in Deep Reinforcement Learning
• Diversity Boosting in Q-Value Network Ensemble
• Offline-RL (conservation via reward shifting)
• Value-Based Deep-RL

To reproduce our results, please follow instructions in each folder. Actually, the easiest way of reproduction is to play with reward shifting!

🧑🏻‍💻 In your tasks with value-based DRL, please just try to add a line right after the line of interaction with your environment, e.g.,

next_s, r, done, info = env.step(a)

r = r args.shifting_constant

❕Don't forget to remove such a shift in evaluating your policy :)

Here are several potential extensions of our work:

• Theoretically, the guidance of choosing shifting constant values.
• Methodologically, the choice of ensemble bias values
• Empirically, combining upper and lower bound (as non-linear combination) with Thompson Sampling for better exploration.
• Other linear reward shaping, e.g., with non-trivial scaling factor k.

@article{sun2022exploit,
  title={Exploit Reward Shifting in Value-Based Deep-RL: Optimistic Curiosity-Based Exploration and Conservative Exploitation via Linear Reward Shaping},
  author={Sun, Hao and Han, Lei and Yang, Rui and Ma, Xiaoteng and Guo, Jian and Zhou, Bolei},
  journal={Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems},
  volume={35},
  pages={37719--37734},
  year={2022}
}