GitHub - git-tips/tips: Most commonly used git tips and tricks.

git-tips

Collection of git-tips, want to add your tips? Checkout contributing.md

Tools:

git-tip - A handy CLI to make optimum use of these tips. (Here in Docker container)

P.S: All these commands are tested on git version 2.7.4 (Apple Git-66).

Everyday Git in twenty commands or so

git help everyday

Show helpful guides that come with Git

git help -g

Search change by content

git log -S'<a term in the source>'

Show changes over time for specific file

git log -p <file_name>

Remove sensitive data from history, after a push

git filter-branch --force --index-filter 'git rm --cached --ignore-unmatch <path-to-your-file>' --prune-empty --tag-name-filter cat -- --all && git push origin --force --all

Sync with remote, overwrite local changes

git fetch origin && git reset --hard origin/master && git clean -f -d

List of all files till a commit

git ls-tree --name-only -r <commit-ish>

Git reset first commit

git update-ref -d HEAD

Reset: preserve uncommitted local changes

git reset --keep <commit>

List all the conflicted files

git diff --name-only --diff-filter=U

List of all files changed in a commit

git diff-tree --no-commit-id --name-only -r <commit-ish>

Unstaged changes since last commit

git diff

Changes staged for commit

git diff --cached

Alternatives:

git diff --staged

Show both staged and unstaged changes

git diff HEAD

List all branches that are already merged into master

git branch --merged master

Quickly switch to the previous branch

git checkout -

Alternatives:

git checkout @{-1}

Remove branches that have already been merged with master

git branch --merged master | grep -v '^\*' | xargs -n 1 git branch -d

Alternatives:

git branch --merged master | grep -v '^\*\|  master' | xargs -n 1 git branch -d # will not delete master if master is not checked out

List all branches and their upstreams, as well as last commit on branch

git branch -vv

Track upstream branch

git branch -u origin/mybranch

Delete local branch

git branch -d <local_branchname>

Delete remote branch

git push origin --delete <remote_branchname>

Alternatives:

git push origin :<remote_branchname>

git branch -dr <remote/branch>

Create local tag

git tag <tag-name>

Delete local tag

git tag -d <tag-name>

Delete remote tag

git push origin :refs/tags/<tag-name>

Undo local changes with the content in index(staging)

git checkout -- <file_name>

Revert: Undo a commit by creating a new commit

git revert <commit-ish>

Reset: Discard commits, advised for private branch

git reset <commit-ish>

Reword the previous commit message

git commit -v --amend

See commit history for just the current branch

git cherry -v master

Amend author.

git commit --amend --author='Author Name <[email protected]>'

Reset author, after author has been changed in the global config.

git commit --amend --reset-author --no-edit

Changing a remote's URL

git remote set-url origin <URL>

Get list of all remote references

git remote

Alternatives:

git remote show

Get list of all local and remote branches

git branch -a

Get only remote branches

git branch -r

Stage parts of a changed file, instead of the entire file

git add -p

Get git bash completion

curl -L http://git.io/vfhol > ~/.git-completion.bash && echo '[ -f ~/.git-completion.bash ] && . ~/.git-completion.bash' >> ~/.bashrc

What changed since two weeks?

git log --no-merges --raw --since='2 weeks ago'

Alternatives:

git whatchanged --since='2 weeks ago'

See all commits made since forking from master

git log --no-merges --stat --reverse master..

Pick commits across branches using cherry-pick

git checkout <branch-name> && git cherry-pick <commit-ish>

Find out branches containing commit-hash

git branch -a --contains <commit-ish>

Alternatives:

git branch --contains <commit-ish>

Git Aliases

git config --global alias.<handle> <command> 
git config --global alias.st status

Saving current state of tracked files without commiting

git stash

Alternatives:

git stash push

Saving current state of unstaged changes to tracked files

git stash -k

Alternatives:

git stash --keep-index

git stash push --keep-index

Saving current state including untracked files

git stash -u

Alternatives:

git stash push -u

git stash push --include-untracked

Saving current state with message

git stash push -m <message>

Alternatives:

git stash push --message <message>

Saving current state of all files (ignored, untracked, and tracked)

git stash -a

Alternatives:

git stash --all

git stash push --all

Show list of all saved stashes

git stash list

Show the contents of any stash in patch form

git stash show -p <stash@{n}>

Apply any stash without deleting from the stashed list

git stash apply <stash@{n}>

Apply last stashed state and delete it from stashed list

git stash pop

Alternatives:

git stash apply stash@{0} && git stash drop stash@{0}

Delete all stored stashes

git stash clear

Alternatives:

git stash drop <stash@{n}>

Grab a single file from a stash

git checkout <stash@{n}> -- <file_path>

Alternatives:

git checkout stash@{0} -- <file_path>

Show all tracked files

git ls-files -t

Show all untracked files

git ls-files --others

Show all ignored files

git ls-files --others -i --exclude-standard

Create new working tree from a repository (git 2.5)

git worktree add -b <branch-name> <path> <start-point>

Create new working tree from HEAD state

git worktree add --detach <path> HEAD

Untrack files without deleting

git rm --cached <file_path>

Alternatives:

git rm --cached -r <directory_path>

Before deleting untracked files/directory, do a dry run to get the list of these files/directories

git clean -n

Forcefully remove untracked files

git clean -f

Forcefully remove untracked directory

git clean -f -d

Update all the submodules

git submodule foreach git pull

Alternatives:

git submodule update --init --recursive

git submodule update --remote

Show all commits in the current branch yet to be merged to master

git cherry -v master

Alternatives:

git cherry -v master <branch-to-be-merged>

Rename a branch

git branch -m <new-branch-name>

Alternatives:

git branch -m [<old-branch-name>] <new-branch-name>

Rebases 'feature' to 'master' and merges it in to master

git rebase master feature && git checkout master && git merge -

Archive the `master` branch

git archive master --format=zip --output=master.zip

Modify previous commit without modifying the commit message

git add --all && git commit --amend --no-edit

Prunes references to remove branches that have been deleted in the remote.

git fetch -p

Alternatives:

git remote prune origin

Delete local branches that has been squash and merged in the remote.

git branch -vv | grep ': gone]' | awk '{print <!-- @doxie.inject start -->}' | xargs git branch -D

Retrieve the commit hash of the initial revision.

 git rev-list --reverse HEAD | head -1

Alternatives:

git rev-list --max-parents=0 HEAD

git log --pretty=oneline | tail -1 | cut -c 1-40

git log --pretty=oneline --reverse | head -1 | cut -c 1-40

Visualize the version tree.

git log --pretty=oneline --graph --decorate --all

Alternatives:

gitk --all

git log --graph --pretty=format:'%C(auto) %h | %s | %an | %ar%d'

Visualize the tree including commits that are only referenced from reflogs

git log --graph --decorate --oneline $(git rev-list --walk-reflogs --all)

Deploying git tracked subfolder to gh-pages

git subtree push --prefix subfolder_name origin gh-pages

Adding a project to repo using subtree

git subtree add --prefix=<directory_name>/<project_name> --squash [email protected]:<username>/<project_name>.git master

Get latest changes in your repo for a linked project using subtree

git subtree pull --prefix=<directory_name>/<project_name> --squash [email protected]:<username>/<project_name>.git master

Export a branch with history to a file.

git bundle create <file> <branch-name>

Import from a bundle

git clone repo.bundle <repo-dir> -b <branch-name>

Get the name of current branch.

git rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD

Ignore one file on commit (e.g. Changelog).

git update-index --assume-unchanged Changelog; git commit -a; git update-index --no-assume-unchanged Changelog

Stash changes before rebasing

git rebase --autostash

Fetch pull request by ID to a local branch

git fetch origin pull/<id>/head:<branch-name>

Alternatives:

git pull origin pull/<id>/head:<branch-name>

Show the most recent tag on the current branch.

git describe --tags --abbrev=0

Show inline word diff.

git diff --word-diff

Show changes using common diff tools.

git difftool [-t <tool>] <commit1> <commit2> <path>

Don’t consider changes for tracked file.

git update-index --assume-unchanged <file_name>

Undo assume-unchanged.

git update-index --no-assume-unchanged <file_name>

Clean the files from `.gitignore`.

git clean -X -f

Restore deleted file.

git checkout <deleting_commit> -- <file_path>

Restore file to a specific commit-hash

git checkout <commit-ish> -- <file_path>

Always rebase instead of merge on pull.

git config --global pull.rebase true

Alternatives:

#git < 1.7.9
git config --global branch.autosetuprebase always

List all the alias and configs.

git config --list

Make git case sensitive.

git config --global core.ignorecase false

Add custom editors.

git config --global core.editor '$EDITOR'

Auto correct typos.

git config --global help.autocorrect 1

Check if the change was a part of a release.

git name-rev --name-only <SHA-1>

Dry run. (any command that supports dry-run flag should do.)

git clean -fd --dry-run

Marks your commit as a fix of a previous commit.

git commit --fixup <SHA-1>

Squash fixup commits normal commits.

git rebase -i --autosquash

Skip staging area during commit.

git commit --only <file_path>

Interactive staging.

git add -i

List ignored files.

git check-ignore *

Status of ignored files.

git status --ignored

Commits in Branch1 that are not in Branch2

git log Branch1 ^Branch2

List n last commits

git log -<n>

Alternatives:

git log -n <n>

Reuse recorded resolution, record and reuse previous conflicts resolutions.

git config --global rerere.enabled 1

Open all conflicted files in an editor.

git diff --name-only | uniq | xargs $EDITOR

Count unpacked number of objects and their disk consumption.

git count-objects --human-readable

Prune all unreachable objects from the object database.

git gc --prune=now --aggressive

Instantly browse your working repository in gitweb.

git instaweb [--local] [--httpd=<httpd>] [--port=<port>] [--browser=<browser>]

View the GPG signatures in the commit log

git log --show-signature

Remove entry in the global config.

git config --global --unset <entry-name>

Checkout a new branch without any history

git checkout --orphan <branch_name>

Extract file from another branch.

git show <branch_name>:<file_name>

List only the root and merge commits.

git log --first-parent

Change previous two commits with an interactive rebase.

git rebase --interactive HEAD~2

List all branch is WIP

git checkout master && git branch --no-merged

Find guilty with binary search

git bisect start                    # Search start 
git bisect bad                      # Set point to bad commit 
git bisect good v2.6.13-rc2         # Set point to good commit|tag 
git bisect bad                      # Say current state is bad 
git bisect good                     # Say current state is good 
git bisect reset                    # Finish search

Bypass pre-commit and commit-msg githooks

git commit --no-verify

List commits and changes to a specific file (even through renaming)

git log --follow -p -- <file_path>

Clone a single branch

git clone -b <branch-name> --single-branch https://github.com/user/repo.git

Create and switch new branch

git checkout -b <branch-name>

Alternatives:

git branch <branch-name> && git checkout <branch-name>

git switch -c <branch-name>

Ignore file mode changes on commits

git config core.fileMode false

Turn off git colored terminal output

git config --global color.ui false

Specific color settings

git config --global <specific command e.g branch, diff> <true, false or always>

Show all local branches ordered by recent commits

git for-each-ref --sort=-committerdate --format='%(refname:short)' refs/heads/

Find lines matching the pattern (regex or string) in tracked files

git grep --heading --line-number 'foo bar'

Clone a shallow copy of a repository

git clone https://github.com/user/repo.git --depth 1

Search Commit log across all branches for given text

git log --all --grep='<given-text>'

Get first commit in a branch (from master)

git log --oneline master..<branch-name> | tail -1

Alternatives:

git log --reverse master..<branch-name> | head -6

Unstaging Staged file

git reset HEAD <file-name>

Force push to Remote Repository

git push -f <remote-name> <branch-name>

Adding Remote name

git remote add <remote-nickname> <remote-url>

List all currently configured remotes

git remote -v

Show the author, time and last revision made to each line of a given file

git blame <file-name>

Group commits by authors and title

git shortlog

Forced push but still ensure you don't overwrite other's work

git push --force-with-lease <remote-name> <branch-name>

Show how many lines does an author contribute

git log --author='_Your_Name_Here_' --pretty=tformat: --numstat | gawk '{ add  = <!-- @doxie.inject start -->; subs  = <!-- @doxie.inject end -->; loc  = <!-- @doxie.inject start --> - <!-- @doxie.inject end --> } END { printf "added lines: %s removed lines: %s total lines: %s
", add, subs, loc }' -

Alternatives:

git log --author='_Your_Name_Here_' --pretty=tformat: --numstat | awk '{ add  = <!-- @doxie.inject start -->; subs  = <!-- @doxie.inject end -->; loc  = <!-- @doxie.inject start --> - <!-- @doxie.inject end --> } END { printf "added lines: %s, removed lines: %s, total lines: %s
", add, subs, loc }' - # on Mac OSX

Revert: Reverting an entire merge

git revert -m 1 <commit-ish>

Number of commits in a branch

git rev-list --count <branch-name>

Alias: git undo

git config --global alias.undo '!f() { git reset --hard $(git rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD)@{${1-1}}; }; f'

Add object notes

git notes add -m 'Note on the previous commit....'

Show all the git-notes

git log --show-notes='*'

Apply commit from another repository

git --git-dir=<source-dir>/.git format-patch -k -1 --stdout <SHA1> | git am -3 -k

Specific fetch reference

git fetch origin master:refs/remotes/origin/mymaster

Find common ancestor of two branches

git merge-base <branch-name> <other-branch-name>

List unpushed git commits

git log --branches --not --remotes

Alternatives:

git log @{u}..

git cherry -v

Add everything, but whitespace changes

git diff --ignore-all-space | git apply --cached

Edit [local/global] git config

git config [--global] --edit

blame on certain range

git blame -L <start>,<end>

Show a Git logical variable.

git var -l | <variable>

Preformatted patch file.

git format-patch -M upstream..topic

Get the repo name.

git rev-parse --show-toplevel

logs between date range

git log --since='FEB 1 2017' --until='FEB 14 2017'

Exclude author from logs

git log --perl-regexp --author='^((?!excluded-author-regex).*)

Generates a summary of pending changes

git request-pull v1.0 https://git.ko.xz/project master:for-linus

List references in a remote repository

git ls-remote git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git

Backup untracked files.

git ls-files --others -i --exclude-standard | xargs zip untracked.zip

List all git aliases

git config -l | grep alias | sed 's/^alias\.//g'

Alternatives:

git config -l | grep alias | cut -d '.' -f 2

Show git status short

git status --short --branch

Checkout a commit prior to a day ago

git checkout master@{yesterday}

Push the current branch to the same name on the remote repository

git push origin HEAD

Push a new local branch to remote repository and track

git push -u origin <branch_name>

Change a branch base

git rebase --onto <new_base> <old_base>

Use SSH instead of HTTPs for remotes

git config --global url.'[email protected]:'.insteadOf 'https://github.com/'

Update a submodule to the latest commit

cd <path-to-submodule>
git pull origin <branch>
cd <root-of-your-main-project>
git add <path-to-submodule>
git commit -m "submodule updated"

Prevent auto replacing LF with CRLF

git config --global core.autocrlf false

Name		Name	Last commit message	Last commit date
Latest commit History 404 Commits
.vscode		.vscode
.doxie.render.js		.doxie.render.js
.doxie.render.toc.js		.doxie.render.toc.js
.gitignore		.gitignore
CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md		CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
LICENSE		LICENSE
README.md		README.md
contributing.md		contributing.md
package-lock.json		package-lock.json
package.json		package.json
tips.json		tips.json

License

git-tips/tips

Folders and files

Latest commit

History

Repository files navigation

git-tips

Tools:

Everyday Git in twenty commands or so

Show helpful guides that come with Git

Search change by content

Show changes over time for specific file

Remove sensitive data from history, after a push

Sync with remote, overwrite local changes

List of all files till a commit

Git reset first commit

Reset: preserve uncommitted local changes

List all the conflicted files

List of all files changed in a commit

Unstaged changes since last commit

Changes staged for commit

Show both staged and unstaged changes

List all branches that are already merged into master

Quickly switch to the previous branch

Remove branches that have already been merged with master

List all branches and their upstreams, as well as last commit on branch

Track upstream branch

Delete local branch

Delete remote branch

Create local tag

Delete local tag

Delete remote tag

Undo local changes with the content in index(staging)

Revert: Undo a commit by creating a new commit

Reset: Discard commits, advised for private branch

Reword the previous commit message

See commit history for just the current branch

Amend author.

Reset author, after author has been changed in the global config.

Changing a remote's URL

Get list of all remote references

Get list of all local and remote branches

Get only remote branches

Stage parts of a changed file, instead of the entire file

Get git bash completion

What changed since two weeks?

See all commits made since forking from master

Pick commits across branches using cherry-pick

Find out branches containing commit-hash

Git Aliases

Saving current state of tracked files without commiting

Saving current state of unstaged changes to tracked files

Saving current state including untracked files

Saving current state with message

Saving current state of all files (ignored, untracked, and tracked)

Show list of all saved stashes

Show the contents of any stash in patch form

Apply any stash without deleting from the stashed list

Apply last stashed state and delete it from stashed list

Delete all stored stashes

Grab a single file from a stash

Show all tracked files

Show all untracked files

Show all ignored files

Create new working tree from a repository (git 2.5)

Create new working tree from HEAD state

Untrack files without deleting

Before deleting untracked files/directory, do a dry run to get the list of these files/directories

Forcefully remove untracked files

Forcefully remove untracked directory

Update all the submodules

Show all commits in the current branch yet to be merged to master

Rename a branch

Rebases 'feature' to 'master' and merges it in to master

Archive the master branch

Modify previous commit without modifying the commit message

Prunes references to remove branches that have been deleted in the remote.

Delete local branches that has been squash and merged in the remote.

Retrieve the commit hash of the initial revision.

Visualize the version tree.

Archive the `master` branch

Clean the files from `.gitignore`.