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🔎 GEM Earthquake Scenario Database

The development of probabilistic seismic risk assessment (PSRA) models requires stress-testing the various components of the models, often through the assessment of damage and losses considering the characteristics of past events1. In this context, the GEM Foundation and its partners have expanded the OpenQuake scenario damage and loss calculator to use directly USGS ShakeMaps234, or earthquake data from other providers (e.g., INGV, EFEHR) or the scientific literature. This functionality allows users to generate cross-correlated ground motion fields considering recordings from seismic stations 5, and to compute a number of risk metrics based on different rupture solutions and ground motion models, and to compare the results against past observations and damage reports. An overview of the functionalities implemented within the OpenQuake-engine can be found in gem/oq-engine#8317.

✨ Overview

The Earthquake Scenario Database (ESD) aims at providing both earthquake and impact data for users to perform earthquake scenarios using GEM or their own models for validation and verification purposes. This database serves as a complement to the USGS ShakeMap Atlas and AtlasCat. The former resource has ShakeMaps for a comprehensive catalogue of nearly all near-damaging and damaging events worldwide for the past 120 years, and can be used directly for impact assessment within the OpenQuake-engine 4. The latter provides aggregate losses for each event separated by cause. The ESD builds upon these sources of data by collecting additional earthquake and impact information, often documented spatially and with greater detail.

The v2023.0.0 release for the GEM's Earthquake Scenario Database is available! 🥳 🚀

GEM's ECD events

This database is open and aims at being a community effort, that enables users to add new events (see contributing guidelines) or to provide additional data to existing entries. We aim to continue expanding the ESD by leveraging on data often collected within the scope of GEM projects, as well as data previously collected as part of the GEM Earthquake Consequences Database.

🗺️ Database coverage

The database is compatible with GEM's Global Models, and the folders are organized according to regions and countries/territories, as specified in the map and table below.

World regions

🌍 Regions, countries and territories
REGION COUNTRIES AND TERRITORIES
Africa Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina_Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape_Verde, Central_African_Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial_Guinea, Eritrea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea_Bissau, Ivory_Coast, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao_Tome_and_Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra_Leone, Somalia, South_Africa, South_Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Caribbean_Central_America Anguilla, Antigua_and_Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, British_Virgin_Islands, Cayman_Islands, Costa_Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican_Republic, El_Salvador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Montserrat, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto_Rico, Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis, Saint_Lucia, Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines, Trinidad_and_Tobago, Turks_and_Caicos_Islands, US_Virgin_Islands
Central_Asia Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
East_Asia China, Hong_Kong, Japan, Macao, North_Korea, South_Korea, Taiwan
Europe Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia_and_Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Isle_of_Man, Italy, Kosovo, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, North_Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United_Kingdom
Middle_East Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi_Arabia, Syria, United_Arab_Emirates, Yemen
North_America Canada, Mexico, United_States_of_America
North_Asia Mongolia, Russia
Oceania American_Samoa, Australia, Cook_Islands, Fiji, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall_Islands, Micronesia, Nauru, New_Caledonia, New_Zealand, Niue, Northern_Mariana_Islands, Palau, Papua_New_Guinea, Samoa, Solomon_Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu
South_America Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, French_Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela
South_Asia Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri_Lanka
Southeast_Asia Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Timor_Leste, Vietnam

List of available events

The database contains the following events, with a global summary of impact data available in the World folder.

🔖 List of available events
Region Country Year Event_Name Mw Depth_(km) Max_Intensity_(MMI)
0 Africa Algeria 2003 Boumerdes_2003 6.8 12 IX-X
1 Africa Botswana 2017 Moijabana_2017 6.46 23.5 VIII
2 Africa Egypt 1992 Cairo_1992 5.8 21.5 VIII
3 Africa Malawi 1989 Salima 6.27 28.2 VIII
4 Africa Malawi 2009 Karonga 6 6 VII
5 Africa Morocco 2004 AlHoceima_2004 6.3 12.2 IX
6 Africa Morocco 2023 MarrakeshSafi_2023 6.8 19 VIII
7 Africa Tanzania 2016 Bukoba_2016 5.9 40 VII
8 Caribbean_Central_America Costa_Rica 1991 Limon 7.6 10 VIII
9 Caribbean_Central_America Costa_Rica 2009 Cinchona 6.2 4.6 IX in Cinchona e Isla Bonita
10 Caribbean_Central_America Costa_Rica 2012 Nicoya 7.6 15.4 VII
11 Caribbean_Central_America Costa_Rica 2017 Puntarenas_2017 6.5 22 VIII
12 Caribbean_Central_America El_Salvador 2001 Subduction_2001 7.7 39 VIII
13 Caribbean_Central_America El_Salvador 2001 San Vicente_2001 6.6 13 VIII
14 Caribbean_Central_America Haiti 2010 Haiti 7 13 IX
15 Caribbean_Central_America Haiti 2021 Haiti 7.2 10 VIII
16 East_Asia Japan 1995 Kobe_1995 6.9 21.9 IX
17 East_Asia Japan 2011 Tōhoku_2011 9.1 29 VIII
18 East_Asia Japan 2016 Kumamoto_2016 7 10 IX
19 East_Asia Japan 2018 Osaka_2018 5.5 10.3 VIII
20 East_Asia Japan 2018 HokkaidoEasternIburi_2018 6.6 35 X
21 East_Asia Japan 2019 Yamagata_2019 6.4 12 VII
22 Europe Albania 2019 Durres 6.4 22 VIII
23 Europe Croatia 2020 Zagreb_2020 5.3 10 VIII
24 Europe Croatia 2020 Petrijna_2020 6.4 10 IX
25 Europe Cyprus 1996 Cyprus 6.8 33 VI
26 Europe Greece 1981 GulfofCorinth_1981 6.4 33 IX
27 Europe Greece 1981 GulfofCorinth_1981 6.7 33 IX
28 Europe Greece 1981 GulfofCorinth_1981 6.7 33 IX
29 Europe Greece 1986 Kalamata_1986 6 11.2 X
30 Europe Greece 1988 Elia_1988 5.9 25.2 VII
31 Europe Greece 1995 Aigio_1995 6.5 14.2 VIII
32 Europe Greece 1995 KozaniGrevena_1995 6.6 14 VIII
33 Europe Greece 1999 Athens_1999 6 10 IX
34 Europe Greece 2014 Kefalonia_2014 6.1 8 VII
35 Europe Greece 2014 Kefalonia_2014 6.1 8 VIII
36 Europe Greece 2014 Kefalonia_2014 6 5 VII
37 Europe Greece 2015 Lefkada_2015 6.5 11 VIII
38 Europe Greece 2017 AegeanSea_2017 6.3 12 VII
39 Europe Iceland 2000 Iceland_2000 6.5 10 IX
40 Europe Iceland 2000 Iceland 6.5 10 VIII
41 Europe Iceland 2008 Iceland_2008 6.3 9 VIII
42 Europe Italy 1980 Irpinia_1980 6.9 10 X
43 Europe Italy 1990 Augusta_1990 5.6 11.1 VIII
44 Europe Italy 1997 UmbriaMarche_1997 6 10 VIII
45 Europe Italy 1997 UmbriaMarche_1997 5.5 10 VII
46 Europe Italy 1997 UmbriaMarche_1997 5.7 10 VIII
47 Europe Italy 1997 UmbriaMarche_1997 5.7 10 X
48 Europe Italy 2002 Molise_2002 5.9 10 VIII
49 Europe Italy 2002 Molise_2002 5.8 10 VII
50 Europe Italy 2002 Molise_2002 5.9 10 VII
51 Europe Italy 2004 Gardone_2004 5.1 17.2 VIII
52 Europe Italy 2009 Laquila_2009 5.5 15.1 VI
53 Europe Italy 2009 Laquila_2009 6.3 8.8 X
54 Europe Italy 2009 Laquila_2009 6.3 8.8 VIII
55 Europe Italy 2012 EmiliaRomagna_2012 6 6.3 VIII
56 Europe Italy 2012 EmiliaRomagna_2012 6 6.3 VIII
57 Europe Italy 2012 EmiliaRomagna_2012 5.8 10.2 VIII
58 Europe Italy 2016 CentralItaly 6.6 4.44 IX
59 Europe Italy 2016 CentralItaly_2016 6.6 8 IX
60 Europe Italy 2016 CentralItaly_2016 6.1 10 VIII
61 Europe Italy 2016 CentralItaly_2016 6.2 4.44 IX
62 Europe Italy 2017 CentralItaly_2017 5.7 7 VII
63 Europe Netherlands 1992 Roermond_1992 5.4 21.2 VIII
64 Europe Romania 1990 Vrancea_1990 7 89.3 VIII
65 Europe Romania 1990 Vrancea_1990 7 89.3 VIII
66 Europe Romania 1990 Vrancea_1990 6.3 88.2 V
67 Europe Serbia 2010 Kraljevo 5.5 0.9 VI
68 Europe Spain 2011 Lorca_2011 5.1 1 VI
69 Europe Turkey 1992 Erzincan 6.7 27.2 VIII
70 Europe Turkey 1995 Dinar 6.4 33 VIII
71 Europe Turkey 1998 AdanaCeyhan_1998 6.3 33 IV
72 Europe Turkey 1999 Izmit 7.6 17 X
73 Europe Turkey 1999 Duzce_1999 7.2 10 IX
74 Europe Turkey 2011 Van_2011 7.1 18 VIII
75 Europe Turkey 2020 AegeanSea_2020 7 21 VIII
76 Europe Turkey 2023 CentralTurkey_2023 7.8 10 XII
77 Middle_East Iran 1978 Tabas 7.3 33 IX
78 Middle_East Iran 1990 Manjil-Rudbar 7.4 18.5 IX
79 Middle_East Iran 1997 Golestan 6.1 10 VIII
80 Middle_East Iran 1997 Qayen 7.2 10 IX
81 Middle_East Iran 2003 Bam 6.6 10 IX
82 Middle_East Iran 2005 Zarand 6.5 14 VIII
83 Middle_East Iran 2012 Ahar-Varzaghan 6.2 12 VIII
84 Middle_East Iran 2012 Ahar-Varzaghan 6.4 11 VII
85 Middle_East Iran 2012 Ahar-Varzaghan 6.4 11 VII
86 Middle_East Iran 2017 Sarpole-Zahab 7.3 18.1 IX
87 North_America Mexico 1985 Mexico_Michoacan 8.1 15 VII
88 North_America Mexico 1999 Oaxaca_1999 7.4 39 VIII
89 North_America Mexico 2017 Puebla_2017 7.1 51.2 VIII
90 North_America Mexico 2017 Chiapas_2017 8.2 45.9 VII
91 North_America Mexico 2020 Oaxaca_2020 7.4 22.6 VIII
92 North_America Mexico 2021 Guerrero_2021 7.1 10 VIII
93 Oceania Australia 1989 Newcastle 5.4 10 VIII
94 Oceania New_Zealand 2010 Canterbury_2010 7 12 VIII
95 Oceania New_Zealand 2011 Christchurch_2011 6.1 5.9 IX
96 South_America Chile 1960 Valdivia_1960 9.5 25 IX
97 South_America Chile 2010 Maule_2010 8.8 30 VIII
98 South_America Chile 2014 Iquique_2014 8.2 38.9 VIII
99 South_America Chile 2015 Illapel_2015 8.3 22.44 VIII
100 South_America Colombia 1983 Popayán_1983 5.6 15 VIII
101 South_America Colombia 1994 Cacua_1994 6.8 10 IX
102 South_America Colombia 1999 Armenia_1999 6.1 15 IX
103 South_America Colombia 2004 Pizarro_2004 7.2 15 VIII
104 South_America Colombia 2008 Quetame_2008 5.9 10 VII
105 South_America Colombia 2023 El Calvario 6.1 10 VII
106 South_America Ecuador 2016 Pedernales_2016 7.8 17 IX
107 South_America Peru 2007 Pisco_2007 7.9 40 VIII
108 South_Asia India 2011 Sikkim_2011 6.9 50 VIII
109 South_Asia Nepal 2015 Gorkha_2015 7.8 8.22 IX
110 South_Asia Pakistan 2005 Kashmir 7.6 26 IX
111 Southeast_Asia Indonesia 2006 Yogyakarta 6.4 12.5 VIII
112 Southeast_Asia Indonesia 2009 Padang 7.6 81 VIII

🚀 Model versions

Each version of the archive that is released can be accessed by changing from the main branch to the tag of a given version. The main branch could contain the work-in-progress of the next version of the model.

Version Release Notes
v2023.0.0 First release with 100 earthquake scenario events.

🌟 Contributors

The authors are grateful for the input from dozens of collaborators.

License

CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

🤔 Frequently asked questions

How to contribute?

You can follow the instructions indicated in the contributing guidelines.

Which version am I seeing? How to change the version?

By default, you will see the files in the repository in the main branch. Each version of the model that is released can be accessed is marked with a tag. By changing the tag version at the top of the repository, you can change see the files for a given version.

Note that the main branch could contain the work-in-progress of the next version of the model.

How do I download the data for a given version?

For each version, a related zip file is available in the release section.

References

Footnotes

  1. Villar-Vega, M., Silva, V. (2017). Assessment of earthquake damage considering the characteristics of past events in South America. Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics, 99:86-96. ↩

  2. Silva V, Horspool N (2019). Combining USGS ShakeMaps and the OpenQuake-engine for damage and loss assessment. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics. 48(6):634-652. ↩

  3. Worden, C. B., Thompson, E. M., Hearne, M. G., & Wald, D. J. (2020). ShakeMap Manual Online: technical manual, user’s guide, and software guide, U. S. Geological Survey. URL: http://usgs.github.io/shakemap/. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7D21VPQ. ↩

  4. Wald, D. J., Worden, C. B., Thompson, E. M., & Hearne, M. G. (2022). ShakeMap operations, policies, and procedures. Earthquake Spectra, 38(1), 756–777. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/87552930211030298. ↩ ↩2

  5. Engler, D. T., Worden, C. B., Thompson, E. M., & Jaiswal, K. S. (2022). Partitioning Ground Motion Uncertainty When Conditioned on Station Data. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 112(2), 1060–1079. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0120210177. ↩

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