// E.g Finding an existing User
var user User
// Gorm will now know to use table "users" ("user" if pluralisation has been disabled) for all operations.
db.First(&user)

// E.g creating a new User
DB.Save(&User{Name: "xxx"}) // table "users"

type Animal struct { // animals
    AnimalId     int64 `primaryKey:"yes"`
    Birthday     time.Time
    Age          int64
}

import (
    "database/sql"
    "time"
)

type User struct {
    Id           int64
    Birthday     time.Time
    Age          int64
    Name         string  `sql:"size:255"`
    CreatedAt    time.Time
    UpdatedAt    time.Time
    DeletedAt    time.Time

    Emails            []Email         // Embedded structs
    BillingAddress    Address         // Embedded struct
    BillingAddressId  sql.NullInt64   // BillingAddress's foreign key
    ShippingAddress   Address         // Another Embedded struct with same type
    ShippingAddressId int64           // ShippingAddress's foreign key
    IgnoreMe          int64 `sql:"-"` // Ignore this field
}

type Email struct {
    Id         int64
    UserId     int64   // Foreign key for User
    Email      string  `sql:"type:varchar(100);"` // Set this field's type
    Subscribed bool
}

type Address struct {
    Id       int64
    Address1 string         `sql:"not null;unique"` // Set this field as not nullable and unique in database
    Address2 string         `sql:"type:varchar(100);unique"`
    Post     sql.NullString `sql:not null`
    // FYI, "NOT NULL" will only work well with NullXXX Scanner, because golang will initalize a default value for most type...
}

import "github.com/jinzhu/gorm"
import _ "github.com/lib/pq"
// import _ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql"
// import _ "github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3"

db, err := gorm.Open("postgres", "user=gorm dbname=gorm sslmode=disable")
// db, err = gorm.Open("mysql", "gorm:gorm@/gorm?charset=utf8&parseTime=True")
// db, err = gorm.Open("sqlite3", "/tmp/gorm.db")

// Get database connection handle [*sql.DB](http://golang.org/pkg/database/sql/#DB)
d := db.DB()

// With it you could use package `database/sql`'s builtin methods
db.DB().SetMaxIdleConns(10)
db.DB().SetMaxOpenConns(100)
db.DB().Ping()

// By default, table name is plural of struct type, you can use struct type as table name with:
db.SingularTable(true)

// db.go
package db

import (
    "fmt"
    "github.com/jinzhu/gorm"
    _ "github.com/lib/pq"
)

var DB gorm.DB
func init() {
    var err error
    DB, err = gorm.Open("postgres", "user=gorm dbname=gorm sslmode=disable")

    // Connection string parameters for Postgres - http://godoc.org/github.com/lib/pq, if you are using another
    // database refer to the relevant driver's documentation.

    // * dbname - The name of the database to connect to
    // * user - The user to sign in as
    // * password - The user's password
    // * host - The host to connect to. Values that start with / are for unix domain sockets.
    //   (default is localhost)
    // * port - The port to bind to. (default is 5432)
    // * sslmode - Whether or not to use SSL (default is require, this is not the default for libpq)
    //   Valid SSL modes:
    //    * disable - No SSL
    //    * require - Always SSL (skip verification)
    //    * verify-full - Always SSL (require verification)

    if err != nil {
        panic(fmt.Sprintf("Got error when connect database, the error is '%v'", err))
    }
}

// user.go
package user
import . "db"
...
DB.Save(&User{Name: "xxx"})
...

// Create table from struct
db.CreateTable(User{})

// Drop table
db.DropTable(User{})

db.AutoMigrate(User{})

user := User{Name: "jinzhu", Age: 18, Birthday: time.Now()}
db.Save(&user)

user := User{Name: "jinzhu", Age: 18, Birthday: time.Now()}
db.NewRecord(user) // => true

db.Save(&user)
db.NewRecord(user) // => false

user := User{
        Name:            "jinzhu",
        BillingAddress:  Address{Address1: "Billing Address - Address 1"},
        ShippingAddress: Address{Address1: "Shipping Address - Address 1"},
        Emails:          []Email{{Email: "[email protected]"}, {Email: "jinzhu-2@[email protected]"}},
}

db.Save(&user)
//// BEGIN TRANSACTION;
//// INSERT INTO "addresses" (address1) VALUES ("Billing Address - Address 1");
//// INSERT INTO "addresses" (address1) VALUES ("Shipping Address - Address 1");
//// INSERT INTO "users" (name,billing_address_id,shipping_address_id) VALUES ("jinzhu", 1, 2);
//// INSERT INTO "emails" (user_id,email) VALUES (111, "[email protected]");
//// INSERT INTO "emails" (user_id,email) VALUES (111, "[email protected]");
//// COMMIT;

// Get the first record
db.First(&user)
//// SELECT * FROM users ORDER BY id LIMIT 1;
// Search table `users` is guessed from struct's type

// Get the last record
db.Last(&user)
//// SELECT * FROM users ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 1;

// Get All records
db.Find(&users)
//// SELECT * FROM users;

// Get record with primary key
db.First(&user, 10)
//// SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = 10;

// Get the first matched record
db.Where("name = ?", "jinzhu").First(&user)
//// SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = 'jinzhu' limit 1;

// Get all matched records
db.Where("name = ?", "jinzhu").Find(&users)
//// SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = 'jinzhu';

db.Where("name <> ?", "jinzhu").Find(&users)
//// SELECT * FROM users WHERE name <> 'jinzhu';

// IN
db.Where("name in (?)", []string{"jinzhu", "jinzhu 2"}).Find(&users)
//// SELECT * FROM users WHERE name IN ('jinzhu', 'jinzhu 2');

// LIKE
db.Where("name LIKE ?", "%jin%").Find(&users)
//// SELECT * FROM users WHERE name LIKE "%jin%";

// Multiple Conditions
db.Where("name = ? and age >= ?", "jinzhu", "22").Find(&users)
//// SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = 'jinzhu' AND age >= 22;

// Search with struct
db.Where(&User{Name: "jinzhu", Age: 20}).First(&user)
//// SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = "jinzhu" AND age = 20 LIMIT 1;

// Search with map
db.Where(map[string]interface{}{"name": "jinzhu", "age": 20}).Find(&users)
//// SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = "jinzhu" AND age = 20;

// IN for primary Keys
db.Where([]int64{20, 21, 22}).Find(&users)
//// SELECT * FROM users WHERE id IN (20, 21, 22);

// Attribute Not Equal
db.Not("name", "jinzhu").First(&user)
//// SELECT * FROM users WHERE name <> "jinzhu" LIMIT 1;

// Not In
db.Not("name", []string{"jinzhu", "jinzhu 2"}).Find(&users)
//// SELECT * FROM users WHERE name NOT IN ("jinzhu", "jinzhu 2");

// Not In for primary keys
db.Not([]int64{1,2,3}).First(&user)
//// SELECT * FROM users WHERE id NOT IN (1,2,3);

db.Not([]int64{}).First(&user)
//// SELECT * FROM users;

// SQL string
db.Not("name = ?", "jinzhu").First(&user)
//// SELECT * FROM users WHERE NOT(name = "jinzhu");

// Not with struct
db.Not(User{Name: "jinzhu"}).First(&user)
//// SELECT * FROM users WHERE name <> "jinzhu";

// Find with primary key
db.First(&user, 23)
//// SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = 23 LIMIT 1;

// SQL string
db.Find(&user, "name = ?", "jinzhu")
//// SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = "jinzhu";

// Multiple Conditions
db.Find(&users, "name <> ? and age > ?", "jinzhu", 20)
//// SELECT * FROM users WHERE name <> "jinzhu" AND age > 20;

// Inline search with struct
db.Find(&users, User{Age: 20})
//// SELECT * FROM users WHERE age = 20;

// Inline search with map
db.Find(&users, map[string]interface{}{"age": 20})
//// SELECT * FROM users WHERE age = 20;

db.Where("role = ?", "admin").Or("role = ?", "super_admin").Find(&users)
//// SELECT * FROM users WHERE role = 'admin' OR role = 'super_admin';

// Or With Struct
db.Where("name = 'jinzhu'").Or(User{Name: "jinzhu 2"}).Find(&users)
//// SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = 'jinzhu' OR name = 'jinzhu 2';

// Or With Map
db.Where("name = 'jinzhu'").Or(map[string]interface{}{"name": "jinzhu 2"}).Find(&users)

// Find user's emails with guessed foreign key
db.Model(&user).Related(&emails)
//// SELECT * FROM emails WHERE user_id = 111;

// Find user's billing address with specified foreign key 'BillingAddressId'
db.Model(&user).Related(&address1, "BillingAddressId")
//// SELECT * FROM addresses WHERE id = 123; // 123 is user's BillingAddressId

// Find user with guessed primary key value from email
db.Model(&email).Related(&user)
//// SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = 111; // 111 is email's UserId

db.Where("name <> ?","jinzhu").Where("age >= ? and role <> ?",20,"admin").Find(&users)
//// SELECT * FROM users WHERE name <> 'jinzhu' AND age >= 20 AND role <> 'admin';

db.Where("role = ?", "admin").Or("role = ?", "super_admin").Not("name = ?", "jinzhu").Find(&users)

user.Name = "jinzhu 2"
user.Age = 100
db.Save(&user)
//// UPDATE users SET name='jinzhu 2', age=100, updated_at = '2013-11-17 21:34:10' WHERE id=111;

// Update existing user's name if it is changed
db.Model(&user).Update("name", "hello")
//// UPDATE users SET name='hello', updated_at = '2013-11-17 21:34:10' WHERE id=111;

// Find out a user, and update the name if it is changed
db.First(&user, 111).Update("name", "hello")
//// SELECT * FROM users LIMIT 1;
//// UPDATE users SET name='hello', updated_at = '2013-11-17 21:34:10' WHERE id=111;

// Update name with search condiation and specified table name
db.Table("users").Where(10).Update("name", "hello")
//// UPDATE users SET name='hello' WHERE id = 10;

// Update user's name and age if they are changed
db.Model(&user).Updates(User{Name: "hello", Age: 18})
//// UPDATE users SET name='hello', age=18, updated_at = '2013-11-17 21:34:10' WHERE id = 111;

// Updates with Map
db.Table("users").Where(10).Updates(map[string]interface{}{"name": "hello", "age": 18})
//// UPDATE users SET name='hello', age=18 WHERE id = 10;

// Updates with Struct
db.Model(User{}).Updates(User{Name: "hello", Age: 18})
//// UPDATE users SET name='hello', age=18;

db.Model(&user).UpdateColumn("name", "hello")
//// UPDATE users SET name='hello' WHERE id = 111;

db.Model(&user).UpdateColumns(User{Name: "hello", Age: 18})
//// UPDATE users SET name='hello', age=18 WHERE id = 111;

db.Delete(&email)
// DELETE from emails where id=10;

db.Where("email LIKE ?", "%jinzhu%").Delete(Email{})
// DELETE from emails where email LIKE "%jinhu%";

db.Delete(&user)
//// UPDATE users SET deleted_at="2013-10-29 10:23" WHERE id = 111;

// Delete with search condition
db.Where("age = ?", 20).Delete(&User{})
//// UPDATE users SET deleted_at="2013-10-29 10:23" WHERE age = 20;

// Soft deleted records will be ignored when searched
db.Where("age = 20").Find(&user)
//// SELECT * FROM users WHERE age = 100 AND (deleted_at IS NULL AND deleted_at <= '0001-01-02');

// Find soft deleted records with Unscoped
db.Unscoped().Where("age = 20").Find(&users)
//// SELECT * FROM users WHERE age = 20;

// Delete record permanently with Unscoped
db.Unscoped().Delete(&order)
// DELETE FROM orders WHERE id=10;

db.FirstOrInit(&user, User{Name: "non_existing"})
//// User{Name: "non_existing"}

db.Where(User{Name: "Jinzhu"}).FirstOrInit(&user)
//// User{Id: 111, Name: "Jinzhu", Age: 20}

db.FirstOrInit(&user, map[string]interface{}{"name": "jinzhu"})
//// User{Id: 111, Name: "Jinzhu", Age: 20}

db.Where(User{Name: "non_existing"}).Attrs(User{Age: 20}).FirstOrInit(&user)
//// SELECT * FROM USERS WHERE name = 'non_existing';
//// User{Name: "non_existing", Age: 20}

// Or write it like this if has only one attribute
db.Where(User{Name: "noexisting_user"}).Attrs("age", 20).FirstOrInit(&user)

// If a record found, Attrs would be ignored
db.Where(User{Name: "Jinzhu"}).Attrs(User{Age: 30}).FirstOrInit(&user)
//// SELECT * FROM USERS WHERE name = jinzhu';
//// User{Id: 111, Name: "Jinzhu", Age: 20}

db.Where(User{Name: "non_existing"}).Assign(User{Age: 20}).FirstOrInit(&user)
//// User{Name: "non_existing", Age: 20}

db.Where(User{Name: "Jinzhu"}).Assign(User{Age: 30}).FirstOrInit(&user)
//// User{Id: 111, Name: "Jinzhu", Age: 30}

db.FirstOrCreate(&user, User{Name: "non_existing"})
//// User{Id: 112, Name: "non_existing"}

db.Where(User{Name: "Jinzhu"}).FirstOrCreate(&user)
//// User{Id: 111, Name: "Jinzhu"}

db.FirstOrCreate(&user, map[string]interface{}{"name": "jinzhu", "age": 30})
//// user -> User{Id: 111, Name: "jinzhu", Age: 20}

db.Where(User{Name: "non_existing"}).Attrs(User{Age: 20}).FirstOrCreate(&user)
//// SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = 'non_existing';
//// User{Id: 112, Name: "non_existing", Age: 20}

db.Where(User{Name: "jinzhu"}).Attrs(User{Age: 30}).FirstOrCreate(&user)
//// User{Id: 111, Name: "jinzhu", Age: 20}

db.Where(User{Name: "non_existing"}).Assign(User{Age: 20}).FirstOrCreate(&user)
//// user -> User{Id: 112, Name: "non_existing", Age: 20}

db.Where(User{Name: "jinzhu"}).Assign(User{Age: 30}).FirstOrCreate(&user)
//// SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = 'jinzhu';
//// UPDATE users SET age=30 WHERE id = 111;
//// User{Id: 111, Name: "jinzhu", Age: 30}

db.Select("name, age").Find(&users)
//// SELECT name, age FROM users;

db.Order("age desc, name").Find(&users)
//// SELECT * FROM users ORDER BY age desc, name;

// Multiple orders
db.Order("age desc").Order("name").Find(&users)
//// SELECT * FROM users ORDER BY age desc, name;

// ReOrder
db.Order("age desc").Find(&users1).Order("age", true).Find(&users2)
//// SELECT * FROM users ORDER BY age desc; (users1)
//// SELECT * FROM users ORDER BY age; (users2)

db.Limit(3).Find(&users)
//// SELECT * FROM users LIMIT 3;

// Remove limit with -1
db.Limit(10).Find(&users1).Limit(-1).Find(&users2)
//// SELECT * FROM users LIMIT 10; (users1)
//// SELECT * FROM users; (users2)

db.Offset(3).Find(&users)
//// SELECT * FROM users OFFSET 3;

// Remove offset with -1
db.Offset(10).Find(&users1).Offset(-1).Find(&users2)
//// SELECT * FROM users OFFSET 10; (users1)
//// SELECT * FROM users; (users2)

db.Where("name = ?", "jinzhu").Or("name = ?", "jinzhu 2").Find(&users).Count(&count)
//// SELECT * from USERS WHERE name = 'jinzhu' OR name = 'jinzhu 2'; (users)
//// SELECT count(*) FROM users WHERE name = 'jinzhu' OR name = 'jinzhu 2'; (count)

// Set table name with Model
db.Model(User{}).Where("name = ?", "jinzhu").Count(&count)
//// SELECT count(*) FROM users WHERE name = 'jinzhu' OR name = 'jinzhu 2'; (count)

// Set table name with Table
db.Table("deleted_users").Count(&count)
//// SELECT count(*) FROM deleted_users;

var ages []int64
db.Find(&users).Pluck("age", &ages)

// Set Table With Model
var names []string
db.Model(&User{}).Pluck("name", &names)
//// SELECT name FROM users;

// Set Table With Table
db.Table("deleted_users").Pluck("name", &names)
//// SELECT name FROM deleted_users;

// Plucking more than one column? Do it like this:
db.Select("name, age").Find(&users)

tx := db.Begin()

user := User{Name: "transcation"}

tx.Save(&u)
tx.Update("age": 90)
// do whatever

// rollback
tx.Rollback()

// commit
tx.Commit()

BeforeSave
BeforeCreate
// save before associations
// save self
// save after associations
AfterCreate
AfterSave

BeforeSave
BeforeUpdate
// save before associations
// save self
// save after associations
AfterUpdate
AfterSave

BeforeDelete
// delete self
AfterDelete

// load record/records from database
AfterFind

func (u *User) BeforeUpdate() (err error) {
    if u.readonly() {
        err = errors.New("Read Only User!")
    }
    return
}

// Rollback the insertion if there are more than 1000 users (hypothetical example)
func (u *User) AfterCreate() (err error) {
    if (u.Id > 1000) { // Just as an example, don't use Id to count users!
        err = errors.New("Only 1000 users allowed!")
    }
    return
}

// As you know, the save/delete operations are running in a transaction
// This is means that all your changes will be rolled back if there are any errors
// If you want your changes in callbacks be run in the same transaction
// you have to pass the transaction as argument to the function
func (u *User) AfterCreate(tx *gorm.DB) (err error) {
    tx.Model(u).Update("role", "admin")
    return
}

// Create `deleted_users` table with User's fields
db.Table("deleted_users").CreateTable(&User{})

// Search from table `deleted_users`
var deleted_users []User
db.Table("deleted_users").Find(&deleted_users)
//// SELECT * FROM deleted_users;

// Delete results from table `deleted_users` with search conditions
db.Table("deleted_users").Where("name = ?", "jinzhu").Delete()
//// DELETE FROM deleted_users WHERE name = 'jinzhu';

type Cart struct {
}

func (c Cart) TableName() string {
    return "shopping_cart"
}

func (u User) TableName() string {
    if u.Role == "admin" {
        return "admin_users"
    } else {
        return "users"
    }
}

func AmountGreaterThan1000(d *gorm.DB) *gorm.DB {
  d.Where("amount > ?", 1000)
}

func PaidWithCreditCard(d *gorm.DB) *gorm.DB {
  d.Where("pay_mode_sign = ?", "C")
}

func PaidWithCod(d *gorm.DB) *gorm.DB {
  d.Where("pay_mode_sign = ?", "C")
}

func OrderStatus(status []string) func (d *gorm.DB) *gorm.DB {
  return func (d *gorm.DB) *gorm.DB {
     return d.Scopes(AmountGreaterThan1000).Where("status in (?)", status)
  }
}

db.Scopes(AmountGreaterThan1000, PaidWithCreditCard).Find(&orders)
// Find all credit card orders and amount greater than 1000

db.Scopes(AmountGreaterThan1000, PaidWithCod).Find(&orders)
// Find all COD orders and amount greater than 1000

db.Scopes(OrderStatus([]string{"paid", "shipped"})).Find(&orders)
// Find all paid, shipped orders and amount greater than 1000

db.LogMode(true)

// Use your own logger
// Refer to gorm's default logger for how to format messages: https://github.com/jinzhu/gorm/blob/master/logger.go#files
db.SetLogger(log.New(os.Stdout, "\r\n", 0))

// If you want to use gorm's default log format, then you could just do it like this
db.SetLogger(gorm.Logger{revel.TRACE})

// Disable logging
db.LogMode(false)

// Enable logging for a single operation, to make debugging easy
db.Debug().Where("name = ?", "jinzhu").First(&User{})

row := db.Table("users").Where("name = ?", "jinzhu").select("name, age").Row() // (*sql.Row)
row.Scan(&name, &age)

rows, err := db.Model(User{}).Where("name = ?", "jinzhu").select("name, age, email").Rows() // (*sql.Rows, error)
defer rows.Close()
for rows.Next() {
  ...
  rows.Scan(&name, &age, &email)
  ...
}

// Rows() with raw sql
rows, err := db.Raw("select name, age, email from users where name = ?", "jinzhu").Rows() // (*sql.Rows, error)
defer rows.Close()
for rows.Next() {
  ...
  rows.Scan(&name, &age, &email)
  ...
}

type Result struct {
	Name string
	Age  int
}

var result Result
db.Table("users").Select("name, age").Where("name = ?", 3).Scan(&result)

// Scan raw sql
db.Raw("SELECT name, age FROM users WHERE name = ?", 3).Scan(&result)

rows, err := db.Table("orders").Select("date(created_at) as date, sum(amount) as total").Group("date(created_at)").Rows()
for rows.Next() {
  ...
}

rows, err := db.Table("orders").Select("date(created_at) as date, sum(amount) as total").Group("date(created_at)").Having("sum(amount) > ?", 100).Rows()
for rows.Next() {
  ...
}

type Result struct {
	Date  time.Time
	Total int64
}
db.Table("orders").Select("date(created_at) as date, sum(amount) as total").Group("date(created_at)").Having("sum(amount) > ?", 100).Scan(&results)

rows, err := db.Table("users").Select("users.name, emails.email").Joins("left join emails on emails.user_id = users.id").Rows()
for rows.Next() {
  ...
}

db.Table("users").Select("users.name, emails.email").Joins("left join emails on emails.user_id = users.id").Scan(&results)

// Raw SQL
db.Exec("DROP TABLE users;")

// Raw SQL with arguments
db.Exec("UPDATE orders SET shipped_at=? WHERE id IN (?)", time.Now, []int64{11,22,33})

query := db.Where("name = ?", "jinzhu").First(&user)
query := db.First(&user).Limit(10).Find(&users)
//// query.Error returns the last error
//// query.Errors returns all errors that have taken place
//// If an error has taken place, gorm will stop all following operations

// I often use some code like below to do error handling when writing applications
if err := db.Where("name = ?", "jinzhu").First(&user).Error; err != nil {
  // ...
}

// If no record is found, gorm will return RecordNotFound error, you could check it with
db.Where("name = ?", "hello world").First(&User{}).Error == gorm.RecordNotFound

// Or use shortcut method
if db.Where("name = ?", "hello world").First(&user).RecordNotFound() {
  panic("no record found")
} else {
  user.Blalala()
}

if db.Model(&user).Related(&credit_card).RecordNotFound() {
  panic("no credit card found")
}

db.First(&first_article).Count(&total_count).Limit(10).Find(&first_page_articles).Offset(10).Find(&second_page_articles)
//// SELECT * FROM articles LIMIT 1; (first_article)
//// SELECT count(*) FROM articles; (total_count)
//// SELECT * FROM articles LIMIT 10; (first_page_articles)
//// SELECT * FROM articles LIMIT 10 OFFSET 10; (second_page_articles)


// Mix where conditions with inline conditions
db.Where("created_at > ?", "2013-10-10").Find(&cancelled_orders, "state = ?", "cancelled").Find(&shipped_orders, "state = ?", "shipped")
//// SELECT * FROM orders WHERE created_at > '2013/10/10' AND state = 'cancelled'; (cancelled_orders)
//// SELECT * FROM orders WHERE created_at > '2013/10/10' AND state = 'shipped'; (shipped_orders)


// Use variables to keep query chain
todays_orders := db.Where("created_at > ?", "2013-10-29")
cancelled_orders := todays_orders.Where("state = ?", "cancelled")
shipped_orders := todays_orders.Where("state = ?", "shipped")


// Search with shared conditions from different tables
db.Where("product_name = ?", "fancy_product").Find(&orders).Find(&shopping_carts)
//// SELECT * FROM orders WHERE product_name = 'fancy_product'; (orders)
//// SELECT * FROM carts WHERE product_name = 'fancy_product'; (shopping_carts)


// Search with shared conditions from different tables with specified table
db.Where("mail_type = ?", "TEXT").Find(&users1).Table("deleted_users").Find(&users2)
//// SELECT * FROM users WHERE mail_type = 'TEXT'; (users1)
//// SELECT * FROM deleted_users WHERE mail_type = 'TEXT'; (users2)


// An example on how to use FirstOrCreate
db.Where("email = ?", "[email protected]").Attrs(User{RegisteredIp: "111.111.111.111"}).FirstOrCreate(&user)
//// SELECT * FROM users WHERE email = '[email protected]';
//// INSERT INTO "users" (email,registered_ip) VALUES ("[email protected]", "111.111.111.111")  // if no record found