The CI is failing, for example:

Error: The hook black requires pre-commit version 2.9.2 but version 1.17.0 is installed. Perhaps run pip install --upgrade pre-commit.

The first commit here updates the pre-commit pin to the latest 2.12.1. (Perhaps even unpin this?)

Next, when running pre-commit, it warns:

[WARNING] The 'rev' field of repo 'https://github.com/psf/black' appears to be a mutable reference (moving tag / branch). Mutable references are never updated after first install and are not supported. See https://pre-commit.com/#using-the-latest-version-for-a-repository for more details. Hint: pre-commit autoupdate often fixes this.

The second commit runs pre-commit autoupdate to update both Black and pre-commit-hooks.

Next, pre-commit-hooks errors due to the Flake8 hook having been moved:

Check JSON...........................................(no files to check)Skipped
Check Yaml...............................................................Passed
Fix End of Files.........................................................Passed
Trim Trailing Whitespace.................................................Passed
Flake8 (removed).........................................................Failed
- hook id: flake8
- exit code: 1

`flake8` has been removed -- use `flake8` from https://gitlab.com/pycqa/flake8

black................................................(no files to check)Skipped

The third commit updates the hooks so it uses Flake8 from its new home at https://github.com/PyCQA/flake8.

Finally, 4th commit: we don't need to explicitly install Black and Flake8 into the environment for them to be used by pre-commit. In fact, it's unnecessary because pre-commit manages its own dependencies.