This Ruby extension uses the actual PostgreSQL server source to parse SQL queries and return the internal PostgreSQL parsetree.
In addition the extension allows you to normalize queries (replacing constant values with ?) and parse these normalized queries into a parsetree again.
When you build this extension, it builds parts of the PostgreSQL server source (see libpg_query), and then statically links it into this extension.
This is slightly crazy, but is the only reliable way of parsing all valid PostgreSQL queries.
You can find further examples and a longer rationale here: https://pganalyze.com/blog/parse-postgresql-queries-in-ruby.html
gem install pg_query
Due to compiling parts of PostgreSQL, installation might take a while on slower systems. Expect up to 5 minutes.
PgQuery.parse("SELECT 1")
=> #<PgQuery:0x007fe92b27ea18
@tree=
[{"SelectStmt"=>
{"targetList"=>
[{"ResTarget"=>
{"val"=>{"A_Const"=>{"val"=>{"Integer"=>{"ival"=>1}}, "location"=>7}},
"location"=>7}}],
"op"=>0,
}}],
@query="SELECT 1",
@warnings=[]>parsed_query = PgQuery.parse("SELECT * FROM users")
=> #<PgQuery:0x007ff3e956c8b0
@tree=
[{"SelectStmt"=>
{"targetList"=>
[{"ResTarget"=>
{"val"=>
{"ColumnRef"=> {"fields"=>[{"A_Star"=>{}}], "location"=>7}},
"location"=>7}
}],
"fromClause"=>
[{"RangeVar"=>
{"relname"=>"users",
"inhOpt"=>2,
"relpersistence"=>"p",
"location"=>14}}],
}}],
@query="SELECT * FROM users",
@warnings=[]>
# Modify the parse tree in some way
parsed_query.tree[0]['SelectStmt']['fromClause'][0]['RangeVar']['relname'] = 'other_users'
# Turn it into SQL again
parsed_query.deparse
=> "SELECT * FROM \"other_users\""Note: The deparsing feature is experimental and does not support outputting all SQL yet.
# Normalizing a query (like pg_stat_statements in Postgres 10 )
PgQuery.normalize("SELECT 1 FROM x WHERE y = 'foo'")
=> "SELECT $1 FROM x WHERE y = $2"
# Parsing a normalized query (pre-Postgres 10 style)
PgQuery.parse("SELECT ? FROM x WHERE y = ?")
=> #<PgQuery:0x007fb99455a438
@tree=
[{"SelectStmt"=>
{"targetList"=>
[{"ResTarget"=>
{"val"=>{"ParamRef"=>{"location"=>7}},
"location"=>7}}],
"fromClause"=>
[{"RangeVar"=>
{"relname"=>"x",
"inhOpt"=>2,
"relpersistence"=>"p",
"location"=>14}}],
"whereClause"=>
{"A_Expr"=>
{"kind"=>0,
"name"=>[{"String"=>{"str"=>"="}}],
"lexpr"=>{"ColumnRef"=>{"fields"=>[{"String"=>{"str"=>"y"}}], "location"=>22}},
"rexpr"=>{"ParamRef"=>{"location"=>26}},
"location"=>24}},
}}],
@query="SELECT ? FROM x WHERE y = ?",
@warnings=[]>PgQuery.parse("SELECT ? FROM x JOIN y USING (id) WHERE z = ?").tables
=> ["x", "y"]PgQuery.parse("SELECT ? FROM x WHERE x.y = ? AND z = ?").filter_columns
=> [["x", "y"], [nil, "z"]]PgQuery.parse("SELECT 1").fingerprint
=> "8e1acac181c6d28f4a923392cf1c4eda49ee4cd2"
PgQuery.parse("SELECT 2; --- comment").fingerprint
=> "8e1acac181c6d28f4a923392cf1c4eda49ee4cd2"
# Faster fingerprint method that is implemented inside the native library
PgQuery.fingerprint("SELECT ?")
=> "8e1acac181c6d28f4a923392cf1c4eda49ee4cd2"This gem is based on libpg_query,
which uses the latest stable PostgreSQL version, but with a patch applied
to support parsing normalized queries containing ? replacement characters.
Currently tested and officially supported Ruby versions:
- CRuby 2.5
- CRuby 2.6
- CRuby 2.7
- CRuby 3.0
Not supported:
- JRuby:
pg_queryrelies on a C extension, which is discouraged / not properly supported for JRuby - TruffleRuby: GraalVM does not support sigjmp, which is used by the Postgres error handling code (
pg_queryuses a copy of the Postgres parser & error handling code)
See libpg_query for pg_query in other languages, as well as products/tools built on pg_query.
- Jack Danger Canty, for significantly improving deparsing
Copyright (c) 2015, pganalyze Team [email protected]
pg_query is licensed under the 3-clause BSD license, see LICENSE file for details.
Query normalization code:
Copyright (c) 2008-2015, PostgreSQL Global Development Group