#include "mseregistered.h"
    
    int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
        class CA {
        public:
            CA(int x) : m_x(x) {}
            int m_x;
        };
    
        mse::TRegisteredPointer<CA> a_regptr;
        CA a2_obj(2);
        {
            // mse::TRegisteredObj<CA> is a class publicly derived from CA
    
            mse::TRegisteredObj<CA> a_regobj(1); // a_regobj is entirely on the stack
    
            a_regptr = &a_regobj;
            a2_obj = (*a_regptr);
        }
        if (a_regptr) {
            assert(false);
        } else {
            try {
                a2_obj = (*a_regptr);
            }
            catch (...) {
                // expected exception
            }
        }
    
        a_regptr = mse::registered_new<CA>(3); // heap allocation
        mse::registered_delete<CA>(a_regptr);
    
        /* You can also use the make_registered() function to obtain a registered object from a given value. */
        auto a3_regobj = mse::make_registered(CA(5));
    }

    #include "mseregistered.h"
    
    int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
        class CA {
        public:
            CA(std::string str) : m_str(str) {}
            std::string m_str;
        };
    
        class CB {
        public:
            static void foo(mse::TRegisteredFixedConstPointer<CA> input1_fc_ptr, mse::TRegisteredFixedConstPointer<CA> 
                input2_fc_ptr, mse::TRegisteredFixedPointer<CA> output_f_ptr) {
                output_f_ptr->m_str = "output from "   input1_fc_ptr->m_str   " and "   input2_fc_ptr->m_str;
                return;
            }
        };
    
        mse::TRegisteredObj<CA> in1_regobj("input1");
        mse::TRegisteredPointer<CA> in2_regptr = mse::registered_new<CA>("input2");
        auto out_regobj = mse::make_registered(CA("")); /* Alternative way to make a registered object. */
    
        CB::foo(&in1_regobj, &(*in2_regptr), &out_regobj);
    
        mse::registered_delete<CA>(in2_regptr);
    }

    #include "mseprimitives.h"
    #include "mseregistered.h"

    int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
        /* This example originally comes from http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/functional/reference_wrapper/. */
        mse::TRegisteredObj<mse::CInt> a(10), b(20), c(30);
        // an array of "references":
        mse::TRegisteredRefWrapper<mse::CInt> refs[] = { a,b,c };
        std::cout << "refs:";
        for (mse::CInt& x : refs) std::cout << ' ' << x;
        std::cout << '\n';
    
        mse::TRegisteredObj<mse::CInt> foo(10);
        auto bar = mse::registered_ref(foo);
          (mse::CInt&)bar;
        std::cout << foo << '\n';
    }

    #include "msecregistered.h"
    
    int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
        
        class C;
    
        class D {
        public:
            mse::TCRegisteredPointer<C> m_c_ptr;
        };
    
        class C {
        public:
            mse::TCRegisteredPointer<D> m_d_ptr;
        };
    
        mse::TCRegisteredObj<C> regobjfl_c;
        mse::TCRegisteredPointer<D> d_ptr = mse::cregistered_new<D>();
    
        regobjfl_c.m_d_ptr = d_ptr;
        d_ptr->m_c_ptr = &regobjfl_c;
    
        mse::cregistered_delete<D>(d_ptr);
    }

    #include "msenorad.h"
    
    int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
    
        class C;

        class D {
        public:
            mse::TNoradPointer<C> m_c_ptr;
        };

        class C {
        public:
            mse::TNoradPointer<D> m_d_ptr;
        };

        mse::TNoradObj<C> noradobj_c;
        mse::TNoradPointer<D> d_ptr = mse::norad_new<D>();

        noradobj_c.m_d_ptr = d_ptr;
        d_ptr->m_c_ptr = &noradobj_c;

        /* We must make sure that there are no other references to the target of d_ptr before deleting it. Registered pointers don't
        have the same requirement. */
        noradobj_c.m_d_ptr = nullptr;

        mse::norad_delete<D>(d_ptr);

        /* You can also use the make_norad() function to obtain a norad object from a given value. */
        auto noradobj_c2 = mse::make_norad(C());
    }

    #include "mserefcounting.h"
    
    int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
        class A {
        public:
            A() {}
            A(const A& _X) : b(_X.b) {}
            ~A() {
                int q = 3; /* just so you can place a breakpoint if you want */
            }
            A& operator=(const A& _X) { b = _X.b; return (*this); }

            int b = 3;
        };
        typedef std::vector<mse::TRefCountingFixedPointer<A>> CRCFPVector;
        class B {
        public:
            static int foo1(mse::TRefCountingPointer<A> A_refcounting_ptr, CRCFPVector& rcfpvector_ref) {
                rcfpvector_ref.clear();
                int retval = A_refcounting_ptr->b;
                A_refcounting_ptr = nullptr; /* Target object is destroyed here. */
                return retval;
            }
        protected:
            ~B() {}
        };

        {
            CRCFPVector rcfpvector;
            {
                mse::TRefCountingFixedPointer<A> A_refcountingfixed_ptr1 = mse::make_refcounting<A>();
                rcfpvector.push_back(A_refcountingfixed_ptr1);

                /* Just to demonstrate conversion between refcounting pointer types. */
                mse::TRefCountingConstPointer<A> A_refcountingconst_ptr1 = A_refcountingfixed_ptr1;
            }
            B::foo1(rcfpvector.front(), rcfpvector);
        }
    }

    #include "mserefcounting.h"
    #include "mseregistered.h"
    #include <iostream>
    
    int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {

        typedef mse::TRefCountingFixedPointer<std::string> str_rc_ptr_t; // owning pointer of a string
        typedef mse::TNDRegisteredObj<str_rc_ptr_t> str_rc_ptr_regobj_t; // registered version of above so that you can obtain a (weak)
                                                                       // registered pointer to it

         /* str_rc_rc_ptr1 is a "shared" owner of an owning pointer of a string  */
        auto str_rc_rc_ptr1 = mse::make_nullable_refcounting<str_rc_ptr_regobj_t>(str_rc_ptr_regobj_t(mse::make_refcounting<std::string>("some text")));
        /* You need to double dereference it to access the string value. */
        std::cout << **str_rc_rc_ptr1 << std::endl;

        /* Here we're obtaining a (weak) registered pointer to the owning pointer of the string. */
        auto str_rc_reg_ptr1 = &(*str_rc_rc_ptr1);
        /* Here you also need to double dereference it to access the string value. */
        std::cout << **str_rc_reg_ptr1 << std::endl;

        {
            /* We can obtain a (strong) owning pointer of the string from the (weak) registered pointer. */
            auto str_rc_ptr2 = *str_rc_reg_ptr1;

            std::cout << *str_rc_ptr2 << std::endl;
        }

        assert(str_rc_reg_ptr1); // just asserting the str_rc_reg_ptr1 is not null here

        /* Here we're releasing ownership of the string owning pointer. Since this was its only owner, the string owning
        pointer (and consequently the string) will be destroyed. */
        str_rc_rc_ptr1 = nullptr;

        assert(!str_rc_reg_ptr1); // here we're asserting that str_rc_reg_ptr1 has been (automatically) set to null
    }

    #include "mserefcounting.h"
    #include "mseoptional.h"
    #include "mseregistered.h"
    
    int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {

        class CRCNode;

        typedef mse::TRefCountingFixedPointer<CRCNode> rcnode_strongptr_t;            // owning pointer of a CRCNode
        typedef mse::TNDRegisteredObj<rcnode_strongptr_t> rcnode_strongptr_regobj_t; // registered version of above so that you can obtain a (weak)
                                                                                    // registered pointer to it
        typedef mse::TNDRegisteredPointer<rcnode_strongptr_t> rcnode_strongptr_weakptr_t; // (weak) registered pointer to owning pointer of a CRCNode

        class CRCNode {
        public:
            CRCNode(mse::TRegisteredPointer<mse::CInt> node_count_ptr
                , rcnode_strongptr_weakptr_t root_ptr_ptr) : m_node_count_ptr(node_count_ptr), m_root_ptr_ptr(root_ptr_ptr) {
                (*node_count_ptr)  = 1;
            }
            CRCNode(mse::TRegisteredPointer<mse::CInt> node_count_ptr) : m_node_count_ptr(node_count_ptr) {
                (*node_count_ptr)  = 1;
            }
            ~CRCNode() {
                (*m_node_count_ptr) -= 1;
            }
            static rcnode_strongptr_regobj_t MakeRoot(mse::TRegisteredPointer<mse::CInt> node_count_ptr) {
                auto retval = rcnode_strongptr_regobj_t{ mse::make_refcounting<CRCNode>(node_count_ptr) };
                (*retval).m_root_ptr_ptr = &retval;
                return retval;
            }
            static auto MaybeStrongChildPtr(const rcnode_strongptr_regobj_t this_ptr) { return this_ptr->m_maybe_child_ptr; }
            static rcnode_strongptr_regobj_t MakeChild(const rcnode_strongptr_regobj_t this_ptr) {
                /* While the library's reference counting pointers' run-time mechansims ensure that they can be dereferenced
                safely, that safety would not generally extend to any raw references or pointers derived from such a 
                dereference. That would include any implicit (member function) `this` pointers. (You could imagine a
                mischievous destructor causing the destruction of the `this` object before the end of the member function 
                call.) Avoiding implicit `this` raw pointers could be a reason to prefer free functions over member 
                functions. Unfortunately, the strong imperative to conform to the standard library interface means that 
                library provides corresponding member functions. The following code needs to call the `mstd::optional::emplace()` 
                member function. So we use a "strong pointer store" to ensure that the `this` pointer remains valid for the 
                entire member function call. */
    
                auto xs_store_this = mse::make_xscope_strong_pointer_store(this_ptr);
                xs_store_this.xscope_ptr()->m_maybe_child_ptr.emplace(rcnode_strongptr_regobj_t{ mse::make_refcounting<CRCNode>(this_ptr->m_node_count_ptr, this_ptr->m_root_ptr_ptr) });
                return xs_store_this.xscope_ptr()->m_maybe_child_ptr.value();
            }
            static void DisposeOfChild(const rcnode_strongptr_regobj_t this_ptr) {
                auto xs_store_this = mse::make_xscope_strong_pointer_store(this_ptr);
                xs_store_this.xscope_ptr()->m_maybe_child_ptr.reset();
            }

        private:
            mse::TRegisteredPointer<mse::CInt> m_node_count_ptr;
            rcnode_strongptr_weakptr_t m_root_ptr_ptr;
            mse::mstd::optional<rcnode_strongptr_regobj_t> m_maybe_child_ptr;
        };

        mse::TRegisteredObj<mse::CInt> node_counter = 0;
        {
            auto root_owner_ptr = CRCNode::MakeRoot(&node_counter);
            auto kid1 = root_owner_ptr->MakeChild(root_owner_ptr);
            {
                auto kid2 = kid1->MakeChild(kid1);
                auto kid3 = kid2->MakeChild(kid2);
            }
            assert(4 == node_counter);
            kid1->DisposeOfChild(kid1);
            assert(2 == node_counter);
        }
        assert(0 == node_counter);
    }

    #include "mserefcounting.h"
    
    int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
        class A {
        public:
            A() {}
            ~A() {
                int q = 3; /* just so you can place a breakpoint if you want */
            }

            int b = 3;
            std::string s = "some text ";
        };
        typedef std::vector<mse::TSingleOwnerPointer<A>> CSOPVector;
        class B {
        public:
            static int foo1(mse::TSingleOwnerPointer<A> A_single_owner_ptr, CSOPVector& sopvector_ref) {
                assert(!bool(sopvector_ref.front()));
                int retval = A_single_owner_ptr->b;
                A_single_owner_ptr = nullptr; /* Target object is destroyed here. */
                return retval;
            }
        };

        {
            CSOPVector sopvector;
            {
                mse::TSingleOwnerPointer<A> A_single_owner_ptr1 = mse::make_single_owner<A>();
                sopvector.push_back(std::move(A_single_owner_ptr1));
                assert(!bool(A_single_owner_ptr1));
            }
            B::foo1(std::move(sopvector.front()), sopvector);
            assert(!bool(sopvector.front()));
        }
    }

    #include "msescope.h"
    
    int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
        class A {
        public:
            A(int x) : b(x) {}
            A(const A& _X) : b(_X.b) {}
            A& operator=(const A& _X) { b = _X.b; return (*this); }

            int b = 3;
        };
        class B {
        public:
            static int foo2(mse::TXScopeFixedPointer<A> A_scpifptr) { return A_scpifptr->b; }
            static int foo3(mse::TXScopeFixedConstPointer<A> A_scpifcptr) { return A_scpifcptr->b; }
        protected:
            ~B() {}
        };
    
        mse::TXScopeObj<A> a_scpobj(5);
        /* note that the '&' ("ampersand") operator is overloaded to return a mse::TXScopeFixedPointer<>  */
        int res1 = (&a_scpobj)->b;
        int res2 = B::foo2(&a_scpobj);
        int res3 = B::foo3(&a_scpobj);

        /* You can also use the make_xscope() function to obtain a scope object from a given value. */
        auto a2_scpobj = mse::make_xscope(A(7));
    }

    #include "msescope.h"
    
    int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
        class A {
        public:
            A(int x) : b(x) {}
            A(const A& _X) : b(_X.b) {}
            A& operator=(const A& _X) { b = _X.b; return (*this); }

            int b = 3;
        };
        class B {
        public:
            static int foo2(mse::TXScopeFixedPointer<A> A_scpfptr) { return A_scpfptr->b; }
            static int foo3(mse::TXScopeFixedConstPointer<A> A_scpfcptr) { return A_scpfcptr->b; }
        protected:
            ~B() {}
        };
    
        /* You can either pass the object's constructor arguments to mse::TXScopeOwnerPointer<>'s constructor, */
        mse::TXScopeOwnerPointer<A> xscp_a_ownerptr(7);
        /* or you can use mse::make_xscope_owner<>() in a manner akin to std::make_unique<>() */
        auto xscp_a_ownerptr2 = mse::make_xscope_owner<A>(7);
        int res4 = B::foo2(xscp_a_ownerptr);
        int res4b = B::foo2(&(*xscp_a_ownerptr));
    }

    #include "msescope.h"
    #include "mserefcounting.h"
    
    int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
        class A {
        public:
            A(int x) : b(x) {}
            A(const A& _X) : b(_X.b) {}
            A& operator=(const A& _X) { b = _X.b; return (*this); }

            int b = 3;
        };
        class B {
        public:
            static int foo2(mse::TXScopeFixedPointer<A> A_scpfptr) { return A_scpfptr->b; }
            static int foo3(mse::TXScopeFixedConstPointer<A> A_scpfcptr) { return A_scpfcptr->b; }
        protected:
            ~B() {}
        };
    
        /* Using mse::make_xscope_strong_pointer_store(), you can obtain a scope pointer from a refcounting pointer. */
        /* Let's make it a const refcounting pointer, just for variety. */
        mse::TRefCountingFixedConstPointer<A> refc_cptr1 = mse::make_refcounting<A>(11);
        auto xscp_refc_cstore = mse::make_xscope_strong_pointer_store(refc_cptr1);
        auto xscp_cptr1 = xscp_refc_cstore.xscope_ptr();
        int res6 = B::foo3(xscp_cptr1);
        mse::TXScopeFixedConstPointer<A> xscp_cptr2 = xscp_cptr1;
        A res7 = *xscp_cptr2;
    }

    #include "msescope.h"
    #include "mserefcounting.h"
    
    int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
        class A {
        public:
            A(int x) : b(x) {}
            A(const A& _X) : b(_X.b) {}
            A& operator=(const A& _X) { b = _X.b; return (*this); }

            int b = 3;
        };
        class B {
        public:
            static int foo2(mse::TXScopeFixedPointer<A> A_scpfptr) { return A_scpfptr->b; }
            static int foo3(mse::TXScopeFixedConstPointer<A> A_scpfcptr) { return A_scpfcptr->b; }
        protected:
            ~B() {}
        };
    
        /* For "strong" pointers that are not copyable (like TSingleOwnerPointer<>), you can use
        mse::make_xscope_borrowing_strong_pointer_store() to obtain a scope pointer. */
        mse::TSingleOwnerPointer<A> so_ptr1 = mse::make_single_owner<A>(17);
        auto xscp_so_store = mse::make_xscope_borrowing_strong_pointer_store(&so_ptr1);
        auto xscp_ptr3 = xscp_so_store.xscope_ptr();
        int res8 = B::foo3(xscp_ptr3);
        mse::TXScopeFixedConstPointer<A> xscp_ptr4 = xscp_ptr3;
        A res9 = *xscp_ptr4;
    }

    #include "msescope.h"
    #include "mseregisteredproxy.h"
    #include "msemsestring.h"
    
    int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
        class CB {
        public:
            static void foo1(mse::TXScopeFixedPointer<mse::nii_string> xscope_ptr1) {
                std::cout << *xscope_ptr1;
            }
        };
        auto xscp_nstring1 = mse::make_xscope(mse::nii_string("some text"));

        CB::foo1(&xscp_nstring1);

        {
            auto xscp_proxy_obj1 = mse::make_xscope_registered_proxy(&xscp_nstring1);
            mse::TRegisteredProxyPointer<mse::nii_string> registered_proxy_ptr1 = mse::registered_proxy_fptr(xscp_proxy_obj1);

            /* Registered proxy pointers implicitly convert to scope pointers. */
            CB::foo1(registered_proxy_ptr1);

            auto xscp_nstring2 = mse::make_xscope(mse::nii_string("some other text"));
            auto xscp_proxy_obj2 = mse::make_xscope_registered_proxy(&xscp_nstring2);

            /* Registered proxy pointers are retargetable. */
            registered_proxy_ptr1 = mse::registered_proxy_fptr(xscp_proxy_obj2);

            CB::foo1(registered_proxy_ptr1);

            {
                auto xscp_nstring3 = mse::make_xscope(mse::nii_string("other text"));

                {
                    auto xscp_proxy_obj3 = mse::make_xscope_registered_proxy(&xscp_nstring3);

                    {
                        registered_proxy_ptr1 = mse::registered_proxy_fptr(xscp_proxy_obj3);
                    }

                    CB::foo1(registered_proxy_ptr1);
                }
                /* Attempting to dereference registered_proxy_ptr1 here would result in an exception. */
                //*registered_proxy_ptr1;
            }
        }
    }

    #include "msescope.h"
    #include "msenoradproxy.h"
    #include "msemsestring.h"
    
    int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
        class CB {
        public:
            static void foo1(mse::TXScopeFixedPointer<mse::nii_string> xscope_ptr1) {
                std::cout << *xscope_ptr1;
            }
        };
        auto xscp_nstring1 = mse::make_xscope(mse::nii_string("some text"));

        CB::foo1(&xscp_nstring1);

        {
            auto xscp_proxy_obj1 = mse::make_xscope_norad_proxy(&xscp_nstring1);
            mse::TNoradProxyPointer<mse::nii_string> norad_proxy_ptr1 = mse::norad_proxy_fptr(xscp_proxy_obj1);

            /* Norad proxy pointers implicitly convert to scope pointers. */
            CB::foo1(norad_proxy_ptr1);

            auto xscp_nstring2 = mse::make_xscope(mse::nii_string("some other text"));
            auto xscp_proxy_obj2 = mse::make_xscope_norad_proxy(&xscp_nstring2);

            /* Norad proxy pointers are retargetable. */
            norad_proxy_ptr1 = mse::norad_proxy_fptr(xscp_proxy_obj2);

            CB::foo1(norad_proxy_ptr1);

            {
                auto xscp_nstring3 = mse::make_xscope(mse::nii_string("other text"));

                {
                    auto xscp_proxy_obj3 = mse::make_xscope_norad_proxy(&xscp_nstring3);

                    {
                        norad_proxy_ptr1 = mse::norad_proxy_fptr(xscp_proxy_obj3);
                    }

                    CB::foo1(norad_proxy_ptr1);

                    /* Forgetting to detarget norad proxy pointers before their target object is destroyed (in this case, by
                    going out of scope) would result in program termination. */
                    norad_proxy_ptr1 = nullptr;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    #include "msescope.h"
    
    int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
    
        class A {
        public:
            A(int x) : b(x) {}
            A(const A& _X) : b(_X.b) {}
            bool operator<(const A& _X) const { return (b < _X.b); }

            int b = 3;
        };
    
        mse::TXScopeObj<A> a_scpobj(5);
        mse::TXScopeOwnerPointer<A> xscp_a_ownerptr(7);
    
        auto xscp_a_ptr5 = &a_scpobj;
        auto xscp_a_ptr6 = &(*xscp_a_ownerptr);
        const auto second_arg_is_smaller_fn = [](const auto xscp_a_ptr1, const auto xscp_a_ptr2) { return (*xscp_a_ptr2) < (*xscp_a_ptr1); };
        auto xscp_min_ptr1 = mse::xscope_chosen(second_arg_is_smaller_fn, xscp_a_ptr5, xscp_a_ptr6);
	/* xscp_min_ptr1 should be a copy of xscp_a_ptr5 */
        assert(5 == xscp_min_ptr1->b);
    }

#include "msescope.h"
#include "msemsestring.h"
    
class H {
public:
    /* This function will be used to demonstrate using rsv::as_a_returnable_fparam() to enable template functions to
    return one of their function parameters, potentially of the scope reference variety which would otherwise be
    rejected (with a compile error) as an unsafe return value. */
    template<class _TString1Pointer, class _TString2Pointer>
    static auto longest(const _TString1Pointer& string1_ptr, const _TString2Pointer& string2_ptr) {
        auto l_string1_ptr = mse::rsv::as_a_returnable_fparam(string1_ptr);
        auto l_string2_ptr = mse::rsv::as_a_returnable_fparam(string2_ptr);

        if (l_string1_ptr->length() > l_string2_ptr->length()) {
            /* If string1_ptr were a regular TXScopeFixedPointer<mse::nii_string> and we tried to return it
            directly instead of l_string1_ptr, it would have induced a compile error. */

            return mse::return_value(l_string1_ptr);
        }
        else {
            /* mse::return_value() usually just returns its input argument unmolested, but in this case, where the
            argument was obtained from the mse::rsv::as_a_returnable_fparam() it will convert it back the type of
            the original function parameter (thereby removing the "returnability" attribute that was added by
            mse::rsv::as_a_returnable_fparam()). */

            return mse::return_value(l_string2_ptr);
        }
    }
    /* This function will be used to demonstrate nested function calls (safely) returning scope pointer/references. */
    template<class _TString1Pointer, class _TString2Pointer>
    static auto nested_longest(const _TString1Pointer& string1_ptr, const _TString2Pointer& string2_ptr) {
        auto l_string1_ptr = mse::rsv::as_a_returnable_fparam(string1_ptr);
        auto l_string2_ptr = mse::rsv::as_a_returnable_fparam(string2_ptr);

        /* Note that with functions (potentially) returning a scope reference parameter (or an object derived
        from a scope reference parameter), you generally want the function to be a template function with the
        scope reference parameters types being (deduced) template parameters, as with this function, rather
        than more explicitly specified scope reference types or template types. The reason for this is that in
        the case of nested function calls, the number of nested function calls from which a scope reference
        object can be (safely) returned is embedded in the scope reference object's type. That is, the exact
        type of a returnable scope reference object depends on how many (levels of) nested function calls it
        has been passed through. And you generally want your functions that return scope reference objects to
        preserve the exact type of the scope reference passed, otherwise you may not be allowed (i.e. induced
        compile error) to return the scope reference all the way back to the scope it originated from. */

        return mse::return_value(longest(l_string1_ptr, l_string2_ptr));
    }

    struct CE {
        mse::nii_string m_string1 = "abcde";
    };

    /* This function demonstrates scope reference objects inheriting the "returnability" trait from the reference objects
    from which they were derived. */
    template<class _TPointer1>
    static auto xscope_string_const_section_to_member_of_CE(const _TPointer1& CE_ptr) {
        auto returnable_CE_ptr = mse::rsv::as_a_returnable_fparam(CE_ptr);

        /* "Pointers to members" based on returnable pointers inherit the "returnability". */
        auto returnable_cpointer_to_member = mse::make_xscope_const_pointer_to_member_v2(returnable_CE_ptr, &CE::m_string1);

        /* "scope nrp string const sections" based on returnable pointers (or iterators) inherit the "returnability". */
        auto returnable_string_const_section = mse::make_xscope_string_const_section(returnable_cpointer_to_member);
        /* Subsections of returnable sections inherit the "returnability". */
        auto returnable_string_const_section2 = mse::make_xscope_subsection(returnable_string_const_section, 1, 3);
        return mse::return_value(returnable_string_const_section2);
    }
    template<class _TPointer1>
    static auto nested_xscope_string_const_section_to_member_of_CE(const _TPointer1& CE_ptr) {
        auto returnable_CE_ptr = mse::rsv::as_a_returnable_fparam(CE_ptr);

        return mse::return_value(xscope_string_const_section_to_member_of_CE(returnable_CE_ptr));
    }
};
    
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
    mse::TXScopeObj<mse::nii_string> xscope_string1 = "abc";
    mse::TXScopeObj<mse::nii_string> xscope_string2 = "abcd";

    auto longer_string_xscpptr = H::longest(&xscope_string1, &xscope_string2);
    auto length1 = (*longer_string_xscpptr).length();

    auto longer_string_xscpptr2 = H::nested_longest(&xscope_string1, &xscope_string2);
    auto length2 = (*longer_string_xscpptr2).length();

    mse::TXScopeObj<H::CE> e_xscpobj;
    auto xscope_string_const_section1 = H::xscope_string_const_section_to_member_of_CE(&e_xscpobj);
    assert(xscope_string_const_section1 == "bcd");

    auto xscope_string_const_section2 = H::nested_xscope_string_const_section_to_member_of_CE(&e_xscpobj);
    assert(xscope_string_const_section2 == "bcd");
}

#include "msescope.h"
#include "msemsestring.h"
#include "msepoly.h"
    
class H {
public:
    /* This function will be used to demonstrate using rsv::as_an_fparam() to enable template functions to accept scope 
    pointers to temporary objects. */
    template<class _TPointer1, class _TPointer2>
    static bool second_is_longer(_TPointer1&& string1_xscpptr, _TPointer2&& string2_xscpptr) {
        auto l_string1_xscpptr = mse::rsv::as_an_fparam(std::forward<decltype(string1_xscpptr)>(string1_xscpptr));
        auto l_string2_xscpptr = mse::rsv::as_an_fparam(std::forward<decltype(string2_xscpptr)>(string2_xscpptr));
        return (l_string1_xscpptr->length() > l_string2_xscpptr->length()) ? false : true;
    }
};
    
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
    class CD {
    public:
        static bool second_is_longer(const mse::rsv::TXScopeFParam<mse::TXScopeFixedConstPointer<mse::nii_string> > string1_xscpptr
            , mse::rsv::TXScopeFParam<const mse::TXScopeFixedConstPointer<mse::nii_string> > string2_xscpptr) {

            return (string1_xscpptr->length() > string2_xscpptr->length()) ? false : true;
        }

        static bool second_is_longer_any(mse::rsv::TXScopeFParam<mse::TXScopeAnyConstPointer<mse::nii_string> > string1_xscpptr
            , mse::rsv::TXScopeFParam<mse::TXScopeAnyConstPointer<mse::nii_string> > string2_xscpptr) {
            return (string1_xscpptr->length() > string2_xscpptr->length()) ? false : true;
        }

        static bool second_is_longer_poly(mse::rsv::TXScopeFParam<mse::TXScopePolyConstPointer<mse::nii_string> > string1_xscpptr
            , mse::rsv::TXScopeFParam<mse::TXScopePolyConstPointer<mse::nii_string> > string2_xscpptr) {
            return (string1_xscpptr->length() > string2_xscpptr->length()) ? false : true;
        }
    };

    mse::TXScopeObj<mse::nii_string> xscope_string1 = "abc";
    /* Here we're using the pointer_to() function to obtain a ("caged") pointer to the temporary scope object. The '&'
    (ampersand) operator would also work, but would not correspond to valid native C  , as C   does not support taking
    the address of an r-value. */
    auto res1 = CD::second_is_longer(&xscope_string1, mse::pointer_to(mse::TXScopeObj<mse::nii_string>(xscope_string1   "de")));
    auto res2 = H::second_is_longer(&xscope_string1, mse::pointer_to(mse::TXScopeObj<mse::nii_string>(xscope_string1   "de")));
    auto res3 = CD::second_is_longer_any(&xscope_string1, mse::pointer_to(mse::TXScopeObj<mse::nii_string>(xscope_string1   "de")));
    auto res4 = CD::second_is_longer_poly(&xscope_string1, mse::pointer_to(mse::TXScopeObj<mse::nii_string>(xscope_string1   "de")));
}

    #include "msescope.h"
    #include "mseregistered.h"
    #include "msemstdstring.h"
    #include "mseoptional.h"
    
    class J {
    public:
        template<typename _TParam>
        static auto foo10(_TParam param) {
            _TParam l_obj = param;

            auto ret_ptr = &l_obj;
            /* ret_ptr may be a smart pointer if the 'operator&' is overloaded.*/
            /* If ret_ptr is a scope pointer (or native pointer) it would be unsafe to return it. In those cases the
             'mse::return_value(ret_ptr)' expression will induce a compile error. */
            /* Functions that could return a scope type need to wrap their return value with the return_value() function. */
            return mse::return_value(ret_ptr);
        }
    };
    
    int main() {
        class CB {
        public:
            /* It's generally not necessary for a function return type to be a scope type. Even if the return value
            is of a scope type, you can usually just use the underlying (non-scope) type of the scope object as the
            return type. */
            static mse::mstd::string foo1() {
                mse::TXScopeObj<mse::mstd::string> xscp_string1("some text");
                return mse::return_value(xscp_string1);
            }

            /* In the less common case where the scope type doesn't have an underlying non-scope type, it may be safe
            to return the scope object.  */
            static mse::xscope_optional<mse::mstd::string> foo2() {
                mse::xscope_optional<mse::mstd::string> xscp_returnable_obj1(mse::mstd::string("some text"));
                return mse::return_value(xscp_returnable_obj1);
            }

            static auto foo3() {
                mse::TXScopeObj<mse::mstd::string> xscp_string1("some text");
                auto xscp_ptr = &xscp_string1;

                /* Returning a scope pointer (to a local variable for example) could be unsafe. So mse::return_value()
                induces a compile error if the return value contains a scope pointer/reference. */
                //return mse::return_value(xscp_ptr);

                return mse::return_value(xscp_string1);
            }
        };

        mse::TXScopeObj<mse::mstd::string> xscp_res1 = CB::foo1();
        mse::xscope_optional<mse::mstd::string> xscp_res2 = CB::foo2();

        typedef mse::TXScopeObj<mse::mstd::string> xscope_string_t;
        xscope_string_t xscp_str1 = "some text";

        mse::TNDRegisteredObj<mse::mstd::string> reg_str1 = "some text";
        auto reg_ptr_res1 = J::foo10(reg_str1);
        //auto xscp_ptr_res1 = J::foo10(xscp_str1); // <-- would induce a compile error inside J::foo10() 
    }

#include "msescope.h"
#include "mseoptional.h"

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {

    /* Defining your own scope types. */

    /* It is (intended to be) uncommon to need to define your own scope types. In general, if you want to use a
    type as a scope type, you can just wrap it with the mse::TXScopeObj<> template. */

    /* But in cases where you're going to use a scope type as a member of a class or struct, that class or struct
    must itself be a scope type. Improperly defining a scope type could result in unsafe code. Use of a safety
    enforcement helper tool, like scpptool, is required to ensure that your scope type is defined properly. 
    And note that mse::xscope_tuple<> also supports scope type elements/fields. */

    /* Scope types need to publicly inherit from mse::rsv::XScopeTagBase. And by convention, be named with a
    prefix indicating that it's a scope type. */
    class xscope_my_type1 : public mse::rsv::XScopeTagBase {
    public:
        xscope_my_type1(const mse::xscope_optional<mse::mstd::string>& xscp_maybe_string)
            : m_xscp_maybe_string1(xscp_maybe_string) {}

        mse::xscope_optional<mse::mstd::string> m_xscp_maybe_string1;
    };

    /* If your type contains or owns any non-owning scope pointers, then it must also publicly inherit
    from mse::rsv::ContainsNonOwningScopeReferenceTagBase. If your type contains or owns any item that can be
    independently targeted by scope pointers (i.e. basically has a '&' ("address of" operator) that yeilds
    a scope pointer), then it must also publicly inherit from mse::rsv::ReferenceableByScopePointerTagBase.
    Failure to do so could result in unsafe code. The scpptool, for example, will check for any such failure. */
    class xscope_my_type2 : public mse::rsv::XScopeTagBase, public mse::rsv::ContainsNonOwningScopeReferenceTagBase
        , public mse::rsv::ReferenceableByScopePointerTagBase
    {
    public:
        typedef mse::TXScopeFixedConstPointer<mse::mstd::string> xscope_string_ptr_t;

        xscope_my_type2(const mse::xscope_optional<xscope_string_ptr_t>& xscp_maybe_string_ptr) : m_xscp_maybe_string_ptr(xscp_maybe_string_ptr) {}

        /* This item (potentially) contains a non-owning scope pointer. */
        mse::xscope_optional<xscope_string_ptr_t> m_xscp_maybe_string_ptr;

        /* This item owns an object that can be independently targeted by scope pointers. That is,
        &(*m_xscp_string_owner_ptr) yields a scope pointer. */
        mse::TXScopeOwnerPointer<mse::mstd::string> m_xscp_string_owner_ptr;
    };
}

    /* Including "msepoly.h" is not required to use mse::make_pointer_to_member_v2(). It just happens to include all the
    other include files used by this example. */
    #include "msepoly.h"
    
    class H {
    public:
        /* A member function that provides a safe pointer/reference to a class/struct member is going to need to
        take a safe version of the "this" pointer as a parameter. */
        template<class this_type>
        static auto safe_pointer_to_member_string1(this_type safe_this) {
            return mse::make_pointer_to_member_v2(safe_this, &H::m_string1);
        }
    
        mse::nii_string m_string1 = "initial text";
    };
    
    int main() {
        /* To demonstrate, first we'll declare some objects such that we can obtain safe pointers to those
        objects. For better or worse, this library provides a bunch of different safe pointers types. */
        mse::TXScopeObj<H> h_scpobj;
        auto h_refcptr = mse::make_refcounting<H>();
        mse::TRegisteredObj<H> h_regobj;
        mse::TCRegisteredObj<H> h_rlxregobj;
    
        /* Safe iterators are a type of safe pointer too. */
        mse::mstd::vector<H> h_mstdvec;
        h_mstdvec.resize(1);
        auto h_mstdvec_iter = h_mstdvec.begin();
        mse::us::msevector<H> h_msevec;
        h_msevec.resize(1);
        auto h_msevec_ipointer = h_msevec.ibegin();
        auto h_msevec_ssiter = h_msevec.ss_begin();
    
        /* And don't forget the safe async sharing pointers. */
        auto h_access_requester = mse::make_asyncsharedv2readwrite<ShareableH>();
        auto h_writelock_ptr = h_access_requester.writelock_ptr();
        auto h_stdshared_const_ptr = mse::make_stdsharedimmutable<H>();
    
        {
            /* So here's how you get a safe pointer to a member of the object using mse::make_pointer_to_member_v2(). */
            auto h_string1_scpptr = mse::make_xscope_pointer_to_member_v2(&h_scpobj, &H::m_string1);
            (*h_string1_scpptr) = "some new text";
            auto h_string1_scp_const_ptr = mse::make_xscope_const_pointer_to_member_v2(&h_scpobj, &H::m_string1);
    
            auto h_string1_refcptr = mse::make_pointer_to_member_v2(h_refcptr, &H::m_string1);
            (*h_string1_refcptr) = "some new text";
    
            auto h_string1_regptr = mse::make_pointer_to_member_v2(&h_regobj, &H::m_string1);
            (*h_string1_regptr) = "some new text";
    
            auto h_string1_rlxregptr = mse::make_pointer_to_member_v2(&h_rlxregobj, &H::m_string1);
            (*h_string1_rlxregptr) = "some new text";
    
            auto h_string1_mstdvec_iter = mse::make_pointer_to_member_v2(h_mstdvec_iter, &H::m_string1);
            (*h_string1_mstdvec_iter) = "some new text";
    
            auto h_string1_msevec_ipointer = mse::make_pointer_to_member_v2(h_msevec_ipointer, &H::m_string1);
            (*h_string1_msevec_ipointer) = "some new text";
    
            auto h_string1_msevec_ssiter = mse::make_pointer_to_member_v2(h_msevec_ssiter, &H::m_string1);
            (*h_string1_msevec_ssiter) = "some new text";
    
            auto h_string1_writelock_ptr = mse::make_pointer_to_member_v2(h_writelock_ptr, &H::m_string1);
            (*h_string1_writelock_ptr) = "some new text";
    
            auto h_string1_stdshared_const_ptr = mse::make_pointer_to_member_v2(h_stdshared_const_ptr, &H::m_string1);
            //(*h_string1_stdshared_const_ptr) = "some new text";
        }
    
        {
            /* Though the type of the safe pointer to the object member varies depending on how the object was
            declared, you can make a (templated) accessor function that will return a safe pointer of the
            appropriate type. */
            auto h_string1_scpptr = H::safe_pointer_to_member_string1(&h_scpobj);
            (*h_string1_scpptr) = "some new text";
    
            auto h_string1_refcptr = H::safe_pointer_to_member_string1(h_refcptr);
            (*h_string1_refcptr) = "some new text";
    
            auto h_string1_regptr = H::safe_pointer_to_member_string1(&h_regobj);
            (*h_string1_regptr) = "some new text";
    
            auto h_string1_rlxregptr = H::safe_pointer_to_member_string1(&h_rlxregobj);
            (*h_string1_rlxregptr) = "some new text";
    
            auto h_string1_mstdvec_iter = H::safe_pointer_to_member_string1(h_mstdvec_iter);
            (*h_string1_mstdvec_iter) = "some new text";
    
            auto h_string1_msevec_ipointer = H::safe_pointer_to_member_string1(h_msevec_ipointer);
            (*h_string1_msevec_ipointer) = "some new text";
    
            auto h_string1_msevec_ssiter = H::safe_pointer_to_member_string1(h_msevec_ssiter);
            (*h_string1_msevec_ssiter) = "some new text";
    
            auto h_string1_writelock_ptr = H::safe_pointer_to_member_string1(h_writelock_ptr);
            (*h_string1_writelock_ptr) = "some new text";
    
            auto h_string1_stdshared_const_ptr = H::safe_pointer_to_member_string1(h_stdshared_const_ptr);
            //(*h_string1_stdshared_const_ptr) = "some new text";
        }
    }

    #include "msepoly.h"
    
    int main() {
        class A {
        public:
            A() {}
            A(std::string x) : b(x) {}
            virtual ~A() {}

            std::string b = "some text ";
        };
        class D : public A {
        public:
            D(std::string x) : A(x) {}
        };
        class B {
        public:
            static std::string foo1(mse::TXScopePolyPointer<A> ptr) {
                std::string retval = ptr->b;
                return retval;
            }
            static std::string foo2(mse::TXScopePolyConstPointer<A> ptr) {
                std::string retval = ptr->b;
                return retval;
            }
            static std::string foo3(mse::TXScopePolyPointer<std::string> ptr) {
                std::string retval = (*ptr)   (*ptr);
                return retval;
            }
            static std::string foo4(mse::TXScopePolyConstPointer<std::string> ptr) {
                std::string retval = (*ptr)   (*ptr);
                return retval;
            }
        protected:
            ~B() {}
        };
    
        /* To demonstrate, first we'll declare some objects such that we can obtain safe pointers to those
        objects. For better or worse, this library provides a bunch of different safe pointers types. */
        mse::TXScopeObj<A> a_scpobj;
        auto a_refcptr = mse::make_refcounting<A>();
        mse::TRegisteredObj<A> a_regobj;
        mse::TCRegisteredObj<A> a_rlxregobj;
    
        /* Safe iterators are a type of safe pointer too. */
        mse::mstd::vector<A> a_mstdvec;
        a_mstdvec.resize(1);
        auto a_mstdvec_iter = a_mstdvec.begin();
        mse::us::msevector<A> a_msevec;
        a_msevec.resize(1);
        auto a_msevec_ipointer = a_msevec.ibegin();
        auto a_msevec_ssiter = a_msevec.ss_begin();
    
        /* And don't forget the safe async sharing pointers. */
        auto a_access_requester = mse::make_asyncsharedreadwrite<A>();
        auto a_writelock_ptr = a_access_requester.writelock_ptr();
        auto a_stdshared_const_ptr = mse::make_stdsharedimmutable<A>();
    
        /* And note that safe pointers to member elements need to be wrapped in an mse::TXScopeAnyPointer<> for
        mse::TXScopePolyPointer<> to accept them. */
        auto b_member_a_refc_anyptr = mse::TXScopeAnyPointer<std::string>(mse::make_pointer_to_member_v2(a_refcptr, &A::b));
        auto b_member_a_reg_anyptr = mse::TXScopeAnyPointer<std::string>(mse::make_pointer_to_member_v2(&a_regobj, &A::b));
        auto b_member_a_mstdvec_iter_anyptr = mse::TXScopeAnyPointer<std::string>(mse::make_pointer_to_member_v2(a_mstdvec_iter, &A::b));
    
        {
            /* All of these safe pointer types happily convert to an mse::TXScopePolyPointer<>. */
            auto res_using_scpptr = B::foo1(&a_scpobj);
            auto res_using_refcptr = B::foo1(a_refcptr);
            auto res_using_regptr = B::foo1(&a_regobj);
            auto res_using_rlxregptr = B::foo1(&a_rlxregobj);
            auto res_using_mstdvec_iter = B::foo1(a_mstdvec_iter);
            auto res_using_msevec_ipointer = B::foo1(a_msevec_ipointer);
            auto res_using_msevec_ssiter = B::foo1(a_msevec_ssiter);
            auto res_using_writelock_ptr = B::foo1(a_writelock_ptr);
            auto res_using_member_refc_anyptr = B::foo3(b_member_a_refc_anyptr);
            auto res_using_member_reg_anyptr = B::foo3(b_member_a_reg_anyptr);
            auto res_using_member_mstdvec_iter_anyptr = B::foo3(b_member_a_mstdvec_iter_anyptr);
    
            /* Or an mse::TXScopePolyConstPointer<>. */
            auto res_using_scpptr_via_const_poly = B::foo2(&a_scpobj);
            auto res_using_refcptr_via_const_poly = B::foo2(a_refcptr);
            auto res_using_regptr_via_const_poly = B::foo2(&a_regobj);
            auto res_using_rlxregptr_via_const_poly = B::foo2(&a_rlxregobj);
            auto res_using_mstdvec_iter_via_const_poly = B::foo2(a_mstdvec_iter);
            auto res_using_msevec_ipointer_via_const_poly = B::foo2(a_msevec_ipointer);
            auto res_using_msevec_ssiter_via_const_poly = B::foo2(a_msevec_ssiter);
            auto res_using_writelock_ptr_via_const_poly = B::foo2(a_writelock_ptr);
            auto res_using_stdshared_const_ptr_via_const_poly = B::foo2(a_stdshared_const_ptr);
            auto res_using_member_refc_anyptr_via_const_poly = B::foo4(b_member_a_refc_anyptr);
            auto res_using_member_reg_anyptr_via_const_poly = B::foo4(b_member_a_reg_anyptr);
            auto res_using_member_mstdvec_iter_anyptr_via_const_poly = B::foo4(b_member_a_mstdvec_iter_anyptr);
        }
    }

#include "mseasyncshared.h"
#include "msemstdvector.h"
#include "msemsestring.h"
#include <ctime>
#include <ratio>
#include <chrono>
#include <future>
#include <list>

class J {
public:
	template<class _TAsyncSharedReadWriteAccessRequester>
	static double foo7(_TAsyncSharedReadWriteAccessRequester A_ashar) {
		auto t1 = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
		/* A_ashar.readlock_ptr() will block until it can obtain a read lock. */
		auto ptr1 = A_ashar.readlock_ptr(); // while ptr1 exists it holds a (read) lock on the shared object
		auto t2 = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
		std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
		auto time_span = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::duration<double>>(t2 - t1);
		auto timespan_in_seconds = time_span.count();
		auto thread_id = std::this_thread::get_id();
		return timespan_in_seconds;
	}
protected:
	~J() {}
};

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
	/* The TAsyncShared data types are used to safely share objects between asynchronous threads. */

	class A {
	public:
		A(int x) : b(x) {}

		int b = 3;
		mse::nii_string s = "some text ";
	};
	/* User-defined classes need to be declared as (safely) shareable in order to be accepted by the access requesters. */
	typedef mse::rsv::TAsyncShareableAndPassableObj<A> ShareableA;

	class B {
	public:
		static double foo1(mse::TAsyncSharedV2ReadWriteAccessRequester<ShareableA> A_ashar) {
			auto t1 = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
			/* mse::TAsyncSharedV2ReadWriteAccessRequester<ShareableA>::writelock_ptr() will block until it can obtain a write lock. */
			auto ptr1 = A_ashar.writelock_ptr(); // while ptr1 exists it holds a (write) lock on the shared object
			auto t2 = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
			std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
			auto time_span = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::duration<double>>(t2 - t1);
			auto timespan_in_seconds = time_span.count();
			auto thread_id = std::this_thread::get_id();
			//std::cout << "thread_id: " << thread_id << ", time to acquire write pointer: " << timespan_in_seconds << " seconds.";
			//std::cout << std::endl;

			ptr1->s = std::to_string(timespan_in_seconds);
			return timespan_in_seconds;
		}
		static int foo2(mse::TAsyncSharedV2ImmutableFixedPointer<ShareableA> A_immptr) {
			return A_immptr->b;
		}
		static int foo3(mse::TAsyncSharedV2AtomicFixedPointer<int> int_atomic_ptr) {
			(*int_atomic_ptr)  = 1;
			std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(10));
			return *int_atomic_ptr;
		}
	protected:
		~B() {}
	};

	std::cout << std::endl;
	std::cout << "AsyncSharedV2 test output:";
	std::cout << std::endl;

	{
		/* This block contains a simple example demonstrating the use of mse::TAsyncSharedV2ReadWriteAccessRequester
		to safely share an object between threads. */

		std::cout << "TAsyncSharedV2ReadWriteAccessRequester:";
		std::cout << std::endl;
		auto ash_access_requester = mse::make_asyncsharedv2readwrite<ShareableA>(7);
		ash_access_requester.writelock_ptr()->b = 11;
		int res1 = ash_access_requester.readlock_ptr()->b;

		{
			auto ptr3 = ash_access_requester.readlock_ptr();
			auto ptr1 = ash_access_requester.writelock_ptr();
			auto ptr2 = ash_access_requester.writelock_ptr();
		}

		std::list<mse::mstd::future<double>> futures;
		for (size_t i = 0; i < 3; i  = 1) {
			futures.emplace_back(mse::mstd::async(B::foo1, ash_access_requester));
		}
		int count = 1;
		for (auto it = futures.begin(); futures.end() != it; it  , count  ) {
			std::cout << "thread: " << count << ", time to acquire read pointer: " << (*it).get() << " seconds.";
			std::cout << std::endl;
		}
		std::cout << std::endl;
	}
	{
		std::cout << "TAsyncSharedV2ReadOnlyAccessRequester:";
		std::cout << std::endl;
		auto ash_access_requester = mse::make_asyncsharedv2readonly<ShareableA>(7);
		int res1 = ash_access_requester.readlock_ptr()->b;

		std::list<mse::mstd::future<double>> futures;
		for (size_t i = 0; i < 3; i  = 1) {
			futures.emplace_back(mse::mstd::async(J::foo7<mse::TAsyncSharedV2ReadOnlyAccessRequester<ShareableA>>, ash_access_requester));
		}
		int count = 1;
		for (auto it = futures.begin(); futures.end() != it; it  , count  ) {
			std::cout << "thread: " << count << ", time to acquire read pointer: " << (*it).get() << " seconds.";
			std::cout << std::endl;
		}
		std::cout << std::endl;
	}
	{
		/* Just demonstrating the existence of the "try" versions. */
		auto access_requester = mse::make_asyncsharedv2readwrite<mse::nii_string>("some text");
		auto writelock_ptr1 = access_requester.try_writelock_ptr();
		if (writelock_ptr1) {
			// lock request succeeded
			int q = 5;
		}
		auto readlock_ptr2 = access_requester.try_readlock_ptr_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
		auto writelock_ptr3 = access_requester.try_writelock_ptr_until(std::chrono::steady_clock::now()   std::chrono::seconds(1));
	}
	{
		/* TAsyncSharedV2WeakReadWriteAccessRequester<> is the weak counterpart to TAsyncSharedV2ReadWriteAccessRequester<>
		analogous to how std::weak_ptr<> is the weak counterpart to std::shared_ptr<>. */

		typedef decltype(mse::make_asyncsharedv2readwrite<mse::nii_string>("abc")) access_requester_t;
		auto vec1 = mse::mstd::vector<access_requester_t>();
		vec1.push_back(mse::make_asyncsharedv2readwrite<mse::nii_string>("abc"));

		mse::TAsyncSharedV2WeakReadWriteAccessRequester<mse::nii_string> weak_ar1(vec1.at(0));

		/* Here we're obtaining a (strong) access requester from the weak access requester, then appending it the
		vector of access requesters. */
		vec1.push_back(weak_ar1.try_strong_access_requester().value());

		assert((*(vec1.at(1).readlock_ptr())) == "abc");

		vec1.clear();

		/* All the (strong) access requesters have just been destroyed so attempting to obtain a (strong) access requester
		from our weak one will result in an empty optional being returned. */
		assert(!(weak_ar1.try_strong_access_requester().has_value()));
	}
	{
		/* For scenarios where the shared object is immutable (i.e. is never modified), you can get away without using locks
		or access requesters. */
		auto A_immptr = mse::make_asyncsharedv2immutable<ShareableA>(5);
		int res1 = A_immptr->b;
		std::shared_ptr<const ShareableA> A_shptr(A_immptr);

		std::list<mse::mstd::future<int>> futures;
		for (size_t i = 0; i < 3; i  = 1) {
			futures.emplace_back(mse::mstd::async(B::foo2, A_immptr));
		}
		int count = 1;
		for (auto it = futures.begin(); futures.end() != it; it  , count  ) {
			int res2 = (*it).get();
		}

		auto A_b_safe_cptr = mse::make_const_pointer_to_member_v2(A_immptr, &ShareableA::b);
	}
	{
		/* For scenarios where the shared object is atomic, you can get away without using locks
		or access requesters. */
		auto int_atomic_ptr = mse::make_asyncsharedv2atomic<int>(5);
		int res1 = (*int_atomic_ptr);

		std::list<mse::mstd::future<int>> futures;
		for (size_t i = 0; i < 3; i  = 1) {
			futures.emplace_back(mse::mstd::async(B::foo3, int_atomic_ptr));
		}
		int count = 1;
		for (auto it = futures.begin(); futures.end() != it; it  , count  ) {
			int res2 = (*it).get();
		}
	}
	{
		/* mse::TAsyncSharedV2ReadWriteAccessRequester's flexibilty in allowing coexisting read and write lock
		pointers in the same thread introduces new ways to produce logical deadlocks. This block (likely)
		demonstrates the access requester's ability to detect these potential deadlocks (and throw an exception
		when they would occur). */

		std::cout << "TAsyncSharedV2ReadWriteAccessRequester deadlock detection:";
		std::cout << std::endl;

		class CC {
		public:
			static void foo1(mse::TAsyncSharedV2ReadWriteAccessRequester<ShareableA> A_ashar, int id) {
				auto readlock_ptr = A_ashar.readlock_ptr();
				std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
				try {
					auto writelock_ptr = A_ashar.writelock_ptr();
					std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
				}
				catch (...) {
					// likely exception due to potential deadlock
					std::cout << "deadlock detected ";
					std::cout << std::endl;
				}
			}
		};

		auto ash_access_requester = mse::make_asyncsharedv2readwrite<ShareableA>(7);

		{
			auto thread1 = mse::mstd::thread(CC::foo1, ash_access_requester, 1);
			auto thread2 = mse::mstd::thread(CC::foo1, ash_access_requester, 2);
			thread1.join();
			thread2.join();
		}

		std::cout << std::endl;
	}
}

#include "msemstdvector.h"
#include "msemsestring.h"
#include "msestaticimmutable.h"
#include "mseasyncshared.h"
#include <list>

class J {
public:
	/* This function takes a "random access section" (which is like an "array_view" or gsl::span) as its parameter. */
	template<class _TStringRASection>
	static void foo8(_TStringRASection ra_section) {
		size_t delay_in_milliseconds = 3000/*arbitrary*/;
		if (1 <= ra_section.size()) {
			delay_in_milliseconds /= ra_section.size();
		}
		for (size_t i = 0; i < ra_section.size(); i  = 1) {
			auto now1 = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
			auto tt = std::chrono::system_clock::to_time_t(now1);

			/* Just trying to obtain a string with the current time and date. The standard library doesn't yet
			seem to provide a safe, portable way to do this. */
#ifdef _MSC_VER
			static const size_t buffer_size = 64;
			char buffer[buffer_size];
			buffer[0] = '\0';
			ctime_s(buffer, buffer_size, &tt);
#else /*_MSC_VER*/
			auto buffer = ctime(&tt);
#endif /*_MSC_VER*/

			std::string now_str(buffer);
			ra_section[i] = now_str;

			std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(delay_in_milliseconds));
		}
	}

	/* This function just obtains a writelock_ra_section from the given "splitter access requester" and calls the given
	function with the writelock_ra_section as the first argument. */
	template<class _TAsyncSplitterRASectionReadWriteAccessRequester, class _TFunction, class... Args>
	static void invoke_with_writelock_ra_section1(_TAsyncSplitterRASectionReadWriteAccessRequester ar, _TFunction function1, Args&&... args) {
		function1(ar.writelock_ra_section(), args...);
	}
};

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
	/* This block demonstrates safely allowing different threads to (simultaneously) modify different
	sections of a vector. (We use vectors in this example, but it works just as well with arrays.) */

	static const size_t num_sections = 10;
	static const size_t section_size = 5;
	const size_t num_elements = num_sections * section_size;

	typedef mse::nii_vector<mse::nii_string> async_shareable_vector1_t;
	typedef mse::mstd::vector<mse::nii_string> nonshareable_vector1_t;
	/* Let's say we have a vector. */
	nonshareable_vector1_t vector1;
	vector1.resize(num_elements);
	{
		size_t count = 0;
		for (auto& item_ref : vector1) {
			count  = 1;
			item_ref = "text"   std::to_string(count);
		}
	}

	/* Only access controlled objects can be shared with other threads, so we'll make an access controlled vector and
	(temporarily) swap it with our original one. */
	auto ash_access_requester = mse::make_asyncsharedv2readwrite<async_shareable_vector1_t>();
	std::swap(vector1, (*(ash_access_requester.writelock_ptr())));

	{
		/* Now, we're going to use the access requester to obtain two new access requesters that provide access to
		(newly created) "random access section" objects which are used to access (disjoint) sections of the vector.
		We need to specify the position where we want to split the vector. Here we specify that it be split at index
		"num_elements / 2", right down the middle. */
		mse::TAsyncRASectionSplitter<decltype(ash_access_requester)> ra_section_split1(ash_access_requester, num_elements / 2);
		auto ar1 = ra_section_split1.first_ra_section_access_requester();
		auto ar2 = ra_section_split1.second_ra_section_access_requester();

		/* The J::foo8 template function is just an example function that operates on containers of strings. In our case the
		containers will be the random access sections we just created. We'll create an instance of the function here. */
		auto my_foo8_function = J::foo8<decltype(ar1.writelock_ra_section())>;

		/* We want to execute the my_foo8 function in a separate thread. The function takes a "random access section"
		as an argument. But as we're not allowed to pass random access sections between threads, we must pass an
		access requester instead. The "J::invoke_with_writelock_ra_section1" template function is just a helper
		function that will obtain a (writelock) random access section from the access requester, then call the given
		function, in this case my_foo8, with that random access section. So here we'll use it to create a proxy
		function that we can execute directly in a separate thread and will accept an access requester as a
		parameter. */
		auto my_foo8_proxy_function = J::invoke_with_writelock_ra_section1<decltype(ar1), decltype(my_foo8_function)>;

		std::list<mse::mstd::thread> threads;
		/* So this thread will modify the first section of the vector. */
		threads.emplace_back(mse::mstd::thread(my_foo8_proxy_function, ar1, my_foo8_function));
		/* While this thread modifies the other section. */
		threads.emplace_back(mse::mstd::thread(my_foo8_proxy_function, ar2, my_foo8_function));

		{
			int count = 1;
			for (auto it = threads.begin(); threads.end() != it; it  , count  ) {
				(*it).join();
			}
		}
	}
	{
		/* Ok, now let's do it again, but instead of splitting the vector into two sections, let's split it into more sections: */
		/* First we create a list of a the sizes of each section. We'll use a vector here, but any iteratable container will work. */
		mse::mstd::vector<size_t> section_sizes;
		for (size_t i = 0; i < num_sections; i  = 1) {
			section_sizes.push_back(section_size);
		}

		/* Just as before, TAsyncRASectionSplitter<> will generate a new access requester for each section. */
		mse::TAsyncRASectionSplitter<decltype(ash_access_requester)> ra_section_split1(ash_access_requester, section_sizes);
		auto ar0 = ra_section_split1.ra_section_access_requester(0);

		auto my_foo8_function = J::foo8<decltype(ar0.writelock_ra_section())>;
		auto my_foo8_proxy_function = J::invoke_with_writelock_ra_section1<decltype(ar0), decltype(my_foo8_function)>;

		std::list<mse::mstd::thread> threads;
		for (size_t i = 0; i < num_sections; i  = 1) {
			auto ar = ra_section_split1.ra_section_access_requester(i);
			threads.emplace_back(mse::mstd::thread(my_foo8_proxy_function, ar, my_foo8_function));
		}

		{
			int count = 1;
			for (auto it = threads.begin(); threads.end() != it; it  , count  ) {
				(*it).join();
			}
		}
	}

	/* Now that we're done sharing the (controlled access) vector, we can swap it back to our original vector. */
	std::swap(vector1, (*(ash_access_requester.writelock_ptr())));
	auto first_element_value = vector1[0];
	auto last_element_value = vector1.back();
}

#include "mseasyncshared.h"
#include "msescope.h"
#include "msemsestring.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <ctime>
#include <ratio>
#include <chrono>
#include <list>

class J {
public:
	template<class _TAsyncSharedReadWriteAccessRequester>
	static double foo7(_TAsyncSharedReadWriteAccessRequester A_ashar) {
		auto t1 = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
		/* A_ashar.readlock_ptr() will block until it can obtain a read lock. */
		auto ptr1 = A_ashar.readlock_ptr(); // while ptr1 exists it holds a (read) lock on the shared object
		auto t2 = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
		std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
		auto time_span = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::duration<double>>(t2 - t1);
		auto timespan_in_seconds = time_span.count();
		auto thread_id = std::this_thread::get_id();
		//std::cout << "thread_id: " << thread_id << ", time to acquire read pointer: " << timespan_in_seconds << " seconds.";
		//std::cout << std::endl;
		return timespan_in_seconds;
	}
};

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {

	/* Here we demonstrate safely sharing an existing stack allocated object among threads. */

	class A {
	public:
		A(int x) : b(x) {}

		int b = 3;
		mse::nii_string s = "some text ";
	};
	/* User-defined classes need to be declared as (safely) shareable in order to be accepted by the access requesters. */
	typedef mse::rsv::TAsyncShareableAndPassableObj<A> ShareableA;

	std::cout << ": xscope_future_carrier<>";
	std::cout << std::endl;

	/* (Mutable) objects can be shared between threads only if they are "access controlled". You can make an
	object "access controlled" by wrapping its type with the mse::TXScopeAccessControlledObj<> template wrapper. */
	mse::TXScopeObj<mse::TXScopeAccessControlledObj<ShareableA> > a_xscpacobj(7);

	/* Here we obtain a scope access requester for the access controlled object. */
	auto xscope_access_requester = mse::make_xscope_asyncsharedv2acoreadwrite(&a_xscpacobj);

	/* xscope_future_carrier<> is just a container that holds and manages scope futures. */
	mse::xscope_future_carrier<double> xscope_futures;

	std::list<mse::xscope_future_carrier<double>::handle_t> future_handles;
	for (size_t i = 0; i < 3; i  = 1) {
		/* You add a future by specifying the async() function and parameters that will return the future value. */
		auto handle = xscope_futures.new_future(J::foo7<decltype(xscope_access_requester)>, xscope_access_requester);

		/* You need to store the handle of the added future in order to later retrieve its value. */
		future_handles.emplace_back(handle);
	}
	int count = 1;
	for (auto it = future_handles.begin(); future_handles.end() != it; it  , count  ) {
		std::cout << "thread: " << count << ", time to acquire read pointer: " << xscope_futures.xscope_ptr_at(*it)->get() << " seconds.";
		std::cout << std::endl;
	}
	std::cout << std::endl;
}

#include "mseasyncshared.h"
#include "msescope.h"
#include "msemsestring.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <ratio>
#include <chrono>

class J {
public:
    template<class _TAPointer>
    static void foo17b(_TAPointer a_ptr) {
        static int s_count = 0;
        s_count  = 1;
        a_ptr->s = std::to_string(s_count);

        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(10));
    }

    template<class _TConstPointer, class _TPointer>
    static void foo18(_TConstPointer src_ptr, _TPointer dst_ptr) {
        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(10));
        dst_ptr->s = src_ptr->s;
        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(10));
    }
};

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {

    class A {
    public:
        A(int x) : b(x) {}

        int b = 3;
        mse::nii_string s = "some text ";
    };
    typedef mse::rsv::TAsyncShareableAndPassableObj<A> ShareableA;

    mse::TXScopeObj<mse::TXScopeAccessControlledObj<ShareableA> > a_xscpacobj1(3);
    mse::TXScopeObj<mse::TXScopeAccessControlledObj<ShareableA> > a_xscpacobj2(5);
    mse::TXScopeObj<mse::TXScopeAccessControlledObj<ShareableA> > a_xscpacobj3(7);

    {
        auto xscope_aco_locker1 = mse::make_xscope_aco_locker_for_sharing(&a_xscpacobj1);

        typedef decltype(xscope_aco_locker1.xscope_passable_pointer()) passable_exclusive_pointer_t;
        mse::xscope_thread xscp_thread1(J::foo17b<passable_exclusive_pointer_t>, xscope_aco_locker1.xscope_passable_pointer());
    }
    {
        auto xscope_aco_locker1 = mse::make_xscope_aco_locker_for_sharing(&a_xscpacobj1);
        auto xscope_aco_locker2 = mse::make_xscope_aco_locker_for_sharing(&a_xscpacobj2);
        auto xscope_aco_locker3 = mse::make_xscope_aco_locker_for_sharing(&a_xscpacobj3);

        typedef decltype(xscope_aco_locker1.xscope_passable_const_pointer()) passable_const_pointer_t;
        typedef decltype(xscope_aco_locker2.xscope_passable_pointer()) passable_exclusive_pointer_t;

        mse::xscope_thread xscp_thread1(J::foo18<passable_const_pointer_t, passable_exclusive_pointer_t>
            , xscope_aco_locker1.xscope_passable_const_pointer()
            , xscope_aco_locker2.xscope_passable_pointer());

        mse::xscope_thread xscp_thread2(J::foo18<passable_const_pointer_t, passable_exclusive_pointer_t>
            , xscope_aco_locker1.xscope_passable_const_pointer()
            , xscope_aco_locker3.xscope_passable_pointer());
    }
    {
        auto xscope_aco_locker1 = mse::make_xscope_aco_locker_for_sharing(&a_xscpacobj1);

        /* Here we're using a (non-const) "xscope_passable_pointer" as the argument. The "const" version
        wouldn't be accepted because an "xscope_passable_const_pointer" is not an exclusive pointer. That is, 
        it doesn't hold exclusive access to its target object. We could, for example, have instead used an 
        exclusive pointer obtained directly from the "access controlled" object, a_xscpacobj1. */

        auto xscope_xstrong_ptr_store1 = mse::make_xscope_exclusive_strong_pointer_store_for_sharing(xscope_aco_locker1.xscope_passable_pointer());

        auto xscope_aco_locker2 = mse::make_xscope_aco_locker_for_sharing(&a_xscpacobj2);
        auto xscope_aco_locker3 = mse::make_xscope_aco_locker_for_sharing(&a_xscpacobj3);

        typedef decltype(xscope_aco_locker1.xscope_passable_const_pointer()) passable_const_pointer_t;
        typedef decltype(xscope_aco_locker2.xscope_passable_pointer()) passable_exclusive_pointer_t;

        mse::xscope_thread xscp_thread1(J::foo18<passable_const_pointer_t, passable_exclusive_pointer_t>
            , xscope_xstrong_ptr_store1.xscope_passable_const_pointer()
            , xscope_aco_locker2.xscope_passable_pointer());

        mse::xscope_thread xscp_thread2(J::foo18<passable_const_pointer_t, passable_exclusive_pointer_t>
            , xscope_xstrong_ptr_store1.xscope_passable_const_pointer()
            , xscope_aco_locker3.xscope_passable_pointer());
    }
}

#include "mseasyncshared.h"
#include "msescope.h"
#include "msemsestring.h"
#include <iostream>

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {

    class A {
    public:
        A(int x) : b(x) {}

        int b = 3;
        mse::nii_string s = "some text ";
    };
    typedef mse::rsv::TAsyncShareableAndPassableObj<A> ShareableA;

    mse::TXScopeObj<mse::TXScopeAccessControlledObj<ShareableA> > a_xscpacobj1(3);

    {
        /* In this block we demonstrate obtaining various types of (const and non-const) pointers you might need from
        an exclusive pointer that might be passed to a thread. */

        a_xscpacobj1.pointer()->s = "";

        auto xscope_aco_locker1 = mse::make_xscope_aco_locker_for_sharing(&a_xscpacobj1);

        typedef decltype(xscope_aco_locker1.xscope_passable_pointer()) passable_exclusive_pointer_t;
        typedef decltype(xscope_aco_locker1.xscope_passable_const_pointer()) passable_const_pointer_t;

        class CD {
        public:
            static void foo1(mse::TXScopeExclusiveStrongPointerStoreForAccessControl<passable_exclusive_pointer_t> xscope_store, int count) {
                {
                    auto xsptr = xscope_store.xscope_pointer();
                    xsptr->s.append(std::to_string(count));
                }
                {
                    /* Here, from the exclusive (non-const) pointer passed to this function, we're going to obtain a couple
                    of const pointers that we can pass to different (scope) threads. */
                    auto xscope_xstrong_ptr_store1 = mse::make_xscope_exclusive_strong_pointer_store_for_sharing(xscope_store.xscope_exclusive_pointer());

                    mse::xscope_thread xscp_thread1(CD::foo2, xscope_xstrong_ptr_store1.xscope_passable_const_pointer());
                    mse::xscope_thread xscp_thread2(CD::foo2, xscope_xstrong_ptr_store1.xscope_passable_const_pointer());
                }
                if (1 <= count) {
                    /* And here we're going to (re)obtain an exclusive strong pointer like the one that was passed to this
                    function, then we're going to use it to recursively call this function again in another (scope) thread. */
                    auto xscope_xstrong_ptr_store1 = mse::make_xscope_exclusive_strong_pointer_store_for_sharing(xscope_store.xscope_exclusive_pointer());
                    mse::xscope_thread xscp_thread1(CD::foo1, xscope_xstrong_ptr_store1.xscope_passable_pointer(), count - 1);
                }
            }
            static void foo2(passable_const_pointer_t xscope_A_cptr) {
                std::cout << xscope_A_cptr->s << std::endl;
            }
        };

        mse::xscope_thread xscp_thread1(CD::foo1, xscope_aco_locker1.xscope_passable_pointer(), 3);
    }
}

#include "mseasyncshared.h"
#include "msescope.h"
#include "msemsestring.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <ratio>
#include <chrono>

class J {
public:
    template<class _TAPointer>
    static void foo17b(_TAPointer a_ptr) {
        static int s_count = 0;
        s_count  = 1;
        a_ptr->s = std::to_string(s_count);

        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(10));
    }

    template<class _TConstPointer, class _TPointer>
    static void foo18(_TConstPointer src_ptr, _TPointer dst_ptr) {
        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(10));
        dst_ptr->s = src_ptr->s;
        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(10));
    }
};

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {

    class A {
    public:
        A(int x) : b(x) {}

        int b = 3;
        mse::nii_string s = "some text ";
    };
    typedef mse::rsv::TAsyncShareableAndPassableObj<A> ShareableA;

    mse::TXScopeObj<mse::TExclusiveWriterObj<ShareableA> > a_xscpxwobj1(3);
    mse::TXScopeObj<mse::TExclusiveWriterObj<ShareableA> > a_xscpxwobj2(5);
    mse::TXScopeObj<mse::TExclusiveWriterObj<ShareableA> > a_xscpxwobj3(7);

    {
        /* A (non-const) pointer of an "exclusive writer object" qualifies as an "exclusive strong" pointer, and
        thus you can obtain an xscope shareable pointer from it in the standard way. */
        auto xscope_xwo_pointer_store1 = mse::make_xscope_exclusive_strong_pointer_store_for_sharing(a_xscpxwobj1.pointer());

        typedef decltype(xscope_xwo_pointer_store1.xscope_passable_pointer()) passable_exclusive_pointer_t;
        mse::xscope_thread xscp_thread1(J::foo17b<passable_exclusive_pointer_t>, xscope_xwo_pointer_store1.xscope_passable_pointer());
    }
    {
        /* But uniquely, you can obtain an xscope shareable const pointer from a (non-exclusive) const pointer of an
        "exclusive writer object". There is a special function for this purpose: */
        auto xscope_xwo_const_pointer_store1 = mse::make_xscope_exclusive_write_obj_const_pointer_store_for_sharing(a_xscpxwobj1.const_pointer());

        auto xscope_xwo_pointer_store2 = mse::make_xscope_exclusive_strong_pointer_store_for_sharing(a_xscpxwobj2.pointer());
        auto xscope_xwo_pointer_store3 = mse::make_xscope_exclusive_strong_pointer_store_for_sharing(a_xscpxwobj3.pointer());

        typedef decltype(xscope_xwo_const_pointer_store1.xscope_passable_const_pointer()) passable_const_pointer_t;
        typedef decltype(xscope_xwo_pointer_store2.xscope_passable_pointer()) passable_exclusive_pointer_t;

        mse::xscope_thread xscp_thread1(J::foo18<passable_const_pointer_t, passable_exclusive_pointer_t>
            , xscope_xwo_const_pointer_store1.xscope_passable_const_pointer()
            , xscope_xwo_pointer_store2.xscope_passable_pointer());

        mse::xscope_thread xscp_thread2(J::foo18<passable_const_pointer_t, passable_exclusive_pointer_t>
            , xscope_xwo_const_pointer_store1.xscope_passable_const_pointer()
            , xscope_xwo_pointer_store3.xscope_passable_pointer());
    }
}

#include "msescopeatomic.h"
#include "mseasyncshared.h"
#include <ratio>
#include <chrono>


int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {

    /* trivially copyable class */
    class D {
    public:
        D(int x) : b(x) {}

        int b = 3;
    };
    /* User-defined classes need to be declared as (safely) shareable in order to be used with the atomic templates. */
    typedef mse::rsv::TAsyncShareableAndPassableObj<D> ShareableD;

    class B {
    public:
        static int foo4(mse::TXScopeAtomicFixedPointer<ShareableD> xs_D_atomic_ptr) {
            auto d = (*xs_D_atomic_ptr).load();
            d.b  = 1;
            (*xs_D_atomic_ptr).store(d);
            std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(10));
            return (*xs_D_atomic_ptr).load().b;
        }
    };

    {
        /* For scenarios where the shared object is atomic, you can get away without using locks
        or access requesters. */

        mse::TXScopeAtomicObj<ShareableD> xscope_D_atomic_obj(7);
        int res1 = xscope_D_atomic_obj.load().b;

        auto xscope_D_atomic_ptr = &xscope_D_atomic_obj;

        mse::xscope_thread xscp_thread1(B::foo4, xscope_D_atomic_ptr);
        mse::xscope_thread xscp_thread2(B::foo4, xscope_D_atomic_ptr);

        int res2 = (*xscope_D_atomic_ptr).load().b;
    }
}

#include "msemstdvector.h"
#include "mseasyncshared.h"
#include "msepoly.h"
#include "msescope.h"
#include "msemsearray.h"

class J {
public:
	/* This function takes a "random access section" (which is like an "array_view" or gsl::span) as its parameter. */
	template<class _TStringRASection>
	static void foo8(_TStringRASection ra_section) {
		size_t delay_in_milliseconds = 3000/*arbitrary*/;
		if (1 <= ra_section.size()) {
			delay_in_milliseconds /= mse::as_a_size_t(ra_section.size());
		}
		for (size_t i = 0; i < ra_section.size(); i  = 1) {
			auto now1 = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
			auto tt = std::chrono::system_clock::to_time_t(now1);

			/* Just trying to obtain a string with the current time and date. The standard library doesn't yet
			seem to provide a safe, portable way to do this. */
#ifdef _MSC_VER
			static const size_t buffer_size = 64;
			char buffer[buffer_size];
			buffer[0] = '\0';
			ctime_s(buffer, buffer_size, &tt);
#else /*_MSC_VER*/
			auto buffer = ctime(&tt);
#endif /*_MSC_VER*/

			std::string now_str(buffer);
			ra_section[i] = now_str;

			std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(delay_in_milliseconds));
		}
	}

	/* This function just obtains a writelock_ra_section from the given "splitter access requester" and calls the given
	function with the writelock_ra_section as the first argument. */
	template<class TAsyncSplitterRASectionReadWriteAccessRequester, class TFunction, class... Args>
	static void invoke_with_writelock_ra_section1(TAsyncSplitterRASectionReadWriteAccessRequester ar, TFunction function1, Args&&... args) {
		function1(ar.writelock_ra_section(), args...);
	}

	/* This function just obtains an xscope_random_access_section from the given access controlled pointer and calls the given
	function with the xscope_random_access_section as the first argument. */
	template<class Ty, class TFunction, class... Args>
	static void invoke_with_ra_section(mse::TXScopeExclusiveStrongPointerStoreForAccessControl<Ty> xs_ac_store, TFunction function1, Args&&... args) {
		auto xscope_ra_section = mse::make_xscope_random_access_section(xs_ac_store.xscope_pointer());
		function1(xscope_ra_section, args...);
	}
};

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {

	/* This block demonstrates safely allowing different threads to (simultaneously)
	modify different sections of an existing vector declared as a local variable. */

	static const size_t num_sections = 10;
	static const size_t section_size = 5;
	const size_t num_elements = num_sections * section_size;

	typedef mse::nii_vector<mse::nii_string> async_shareable_vector1_t;
	typedef mse::mstd::vector<mse::nii_string> nonshareable_vector1_t;
	/* Let's say we have a vector. */
	nonshareable_vector1_t vector1;
	vector1.resize(num_elements);
	{
		size_t count = 0;
		for (auto& item_ref : vector1) {
			count  = 1;
			item_ref = "text"   std::to_string(count);
		}
	}

	/* Only access controlled objects can be shared with other threads, so we'll make an access controlled vector and
	(temporarily) swap it with our original one. */
	mse::TXScopeObj<mse::TXScopeAccessControlledObj<async_shareable_vector1_t> > xscope_acobj;
	std::swap(vector1, *(xscope_acobj.xscope_pointer()));

	std::cout << "mse::TXScopeACORASectionSplitter<>: " << std::endl;

	{
		/* From the access controlled vector we're going to obtain scope pointers to two access controlled
		"random access section" objects which are used to access (disjoint) sections of the vector. Then we're
		going to use "locker" objects to obtain pointers that are designated as safe to pass to other threads.
		We need to specify the position  where we want to split the vector. Here we specify that it be split
		at index "num_elements / 2", right down the middle. */
		mse::TXScopeACORASectionSplitter<async_shareable_vector1_t> xscope_ra_section_split2(&xscope_acobj, num_elements / 2);

		/* Here we obtain scope pointers to the access controlled sections. */
		auto first_ra_section_aco_xsptr = xscope_ra_section_split2.xscope_ptr_to_first_ra_section_aco();
		auto second_ra_section_aco_xsptr = xscope_ra_section_split2.xscope_ptr_to_second_ra_section_aco();

		/* Access controlled object pointers aren't themselves passable to other threads, but we can obtain
		corresponding pointers that are passable via a "locker" object that takes exclusive control over
		the access controlled object. */
#ifndef _MSC_VER
		auto xscope_section_access_owner1 = mse::make_xscope_aco_locker_for_sharing(first_ra_section_aco_xsptr);
		auto xscope_section_access_owner2 = mse::make_xscope_aco_locker_for_sharing(second_ra_section_aco_xsptr);
#else // !_MSC_VER
		/* An apparent bug in msvc2017 and msvc2019preview (March 2019) prevents the other branch from compiling.
		This presents an opportunity to demonstrate an alternative solution. Instead of a "locker" object that
		takes a scope pointer to the access controlled object, we can use an "exclusive strong pointer store"
		which takes any recognized exclusive pointer. */
		auto xscope_section_access_owner1 = mse::make_xscope_exclusive_strong_pointer_store_for_sharing(
			(*first_ra_section_aco_xsptr).xscope_exclusive_pointer());
		auto xscope_section_access_owner2 = mse::make_xscope_exclusive_strong_pointer_store_for_sharing(
			(*second_ra_section_aco_xsptr).xscope_exclusive_pointer());
#endif // !_MSC_VER

		/* The J::foo8 template function is just an example function that operates on containers of strings. In this case the
		containers will be the random access sections we just created. We'll create an instance of the function here. */
		auto my_foo8_function = J::foo8<mse::TXScopeAnyRandomAccessSection<mse::nii_string> >;
		typedef decltype(my_foo8_function) my_foo8_function_type;

		mse::xscope_thread_carrier threads;
		/* So this thread will modify the first section of the vector. */
		threads.new_thread(J::invoke_with_ra_section<decltype(xscope_section_access_owner1.xscope_passable_pointer()), my_foo8_function_type>
			, xscope_section_access_owner1.xscope_passable_pointer(), my_foo8_function);
		/* While this thread modifies the other section. */
		threads.new_thread(J::invoke_with_ra_section<decltype(xscope_section_access_owner2.xscope_passable_pointer()), my_foo8_function_type>
			, xscope_section_access_owner2.xscope_passable_pointer(), my_foo8_function);

		/* Note that in this particular scenario we didn't need to use any access requesters (or (thread safe) locks). */
	}

	std::cout << "mse::TXScopeAsyncACORASectionSplitter<>: " << std::endl;

	{
		/* Ok, now let's do it again, but instead of splitting the vector into two sections, let's split it into more sections: */
		/* First we create a list of a the sizes of each section. We'll use a vector here, but any iteratable container will work. */
		mse::mstd::vector<size_t> section_sizes;
		for (size_t i = 0; i < num_sections; i  = 1) {
			section_sizes.push_back(section_size);
		}

		/* This time (for demonstration purposes) we'll use TXScopeAsyncACORASectionSplitter<> to generate a new
		access requester for each section. */
		mse::TXScopeAsyncACORASectionSplitter<async_shareable_vector1_t> xscope_ra_section_split1(&xscope_acobj, section_sizes);
		auto ar0 = xscope_ra_section_split1.ra_section_access_requester(0);

		auto my_foo8_function = J::foo8<decltype(ar0.writelock_ra_section())>;
		typedef decltype(my_foo8_function) my_foo8_function_type;
		auto my_foo8_proxy_function = J::invoke_with_writelock_ra_section1<decltype(ar0), my_foo8_function_type>;

		{
			mse::xscope_thread_carrier xscope_threads;
			for (size_t i = 0; i < num_sections; i  = 1) {
				auto ar = xscope_ra_section_split1.ra_section_access_requester(i);
				xscope_threads.new_thread(my_foo8_proxy_function, ar, my_foo8_function);
			}
			/* The scope will not end until all the scope threads have finished executing. */
		}
	}

	/* Now that we're done sharing the (controlled access) vector, we can swap it back to our original vector. */
	std::swap(vector1, *(xscope_acobj.xscope_pointer()));
	auto first_element_value = vector1[0];
	auto last_element_value = vector1.back();
}

#include "msescope.h"
#include "msemsestring.h"
#include "msestaticimmutable.h"
#include <iostream>

MSE_RSV_DECLARE_GLOBAL_IMMUTABLE(mse::nii_string) gimm_string1 = "some text";

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
    {
        auto gimm_ptr1 = &gimm_string1;
        auto xs_gimm_store1 = mse::make_xscope_strong_pointer_store(gimm_ptr1);
        auto xs_ptr1 = xs_gimm_store1.xscope_ptr();
        std::cout << *xs_ptr1 << std::endl;

        MSE_DECLARE_STATIC_IMMUTABLE(mse::nii_string) simm_string2 = "abc";
        auto simm_ptr2 = &simm_string2;
        auto xs_simm_store2 = mse::make_xscope_strong_pointer_store(simm_ptr2);
        auto xs_ptr2 = xs_simm_store2.xscope_ptr();
        std::cout << *xs_ptr2 << std::endl;

        class CA {
        public:
            auto foo1() const {
                MSE_DECLARE_STATIC_IMMUTABLE(mse::nii_string) simm_string = "abc";
                /* mse::return_value() just returns its argument and ensures that it's of a (pointer) type that's safe to return. */
                return mse::return_value(&simm_string);
            }
        };
        auto simm_ptr3 = CA().foo1();
        auto xs_simm_store3 = mse::make_xscope_strong_pointer_store(simm_ptr3);
        auto xs_cptr3 = xs_simm_store3.xscope_ptr();
        std::cout << *xs_cptr3 << std::endl;
    }
}

    #include "mseprimitives.h"
    
    int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
    
        mse::CInt i = 5;
        i -= 17;
        mse::CSize_t szt = 5;
        szt  = 3;
        auto i2 = szt   i;
        mse::CBool b = false;
        if (-4 == i2) {
            b = true;
        }
        if (b) {
            try {
                szt -= 20; // out of range result - this is going to throw an exception
            }
            catch (...) {
                // expected exception
            }
        }
    }

    #include "msemstdarray.h"
    #include "msemsearray.h"
    #include <array>
    
    int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
    
        mse::mstd::array<int, 3> ma;
        std::array<int, 3> sa;
        /* These two arrays should be completely interchangeable. The difference being that ma should throw
        an exception on any attempt to access invalid memory. */
    
    
        /* mse::us::msearray is not quite as safe as mse::mstd::array in the following way: */
    
        std::array<int, 3>::iterator sa1_it;
        mse::us::msearray<int, 3>::ss_iterator_type msea1_it; // bounds checked iterator just like mse::mstd::array::iterator
        mse::mstd::array<int, 3>::iterator ma1_it;
        {
            std::array<int, 3> sa1 = { 1, 2, 3 };
            sa1_it = sa1.begin();
    
            mse::us::msearray<int, 3> msea1 = { 1, 2, 3 };
            msea1_it = msea1.ss_begin();
    
            mse::mstd::array<int, 3> ma1 = { 1, 2, 3 };
            ma1_it = ma1.begin();
        }
    
        // (*sa1_it) = 4; // not good - undefined behavior
        // (*msea1_it) = 4; // not good - undefined behavior
    
        try {
            (*ma1_it) = 4; // not undefined behavior - will throw an exception
        } catch(...) {
            // expected exception
        }
    }

    #include "msemstdarray.h"
    
    int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
        /* If the array is declared as a "scope" object (which basically indicates that it is declared
        on the stack), then you can use "scope" iterators. While there are limitations on when they can
        be used, scope iterators would be the preferred iterator type where performance is a priority
        as they don't require extra run time overhead to ensure that the array has not been deallocated. */
        
        /* Here we're declaring an array as a scope object. */
        mse::TXScopeObj<mse::mstd::array<int, 3>> array1_scpobj = mse::mstd::array<int, 3>{ 1, 2, 3 };
        
        /* Here we're obtaining a scope iterator to the array. */
        auto scp_array_iter1 = mse::mstd::make_xscope_begin_iterator(&array1_scpobj);
        auto scp_array_iter2 = mse::mstd::make_xscope_end_iterator(&array1_scpobj);
        
        std::sort(scp_array_iter1, scp_array_iter2);
        
        auto scp_array_citer3 = mse::mstd::make_xscope_begin_const_iterator(&array1_scpobj);
        scp_array_citer3 = scp_array_iter1;
        scp_array_citer3 = mse::mstd::make_xscope_begin_const_iterator(&array1_scpobj);
        scp_array_citer3  = 2;
        auto res1 = *scp_array_citer3;
        auto res2 = scp_array_citer3[0];
        
        /* Here we demonstrate the case where the array is a member of a class/struct declared as a
        scope object. */
        class CContainer1 {
        public:
            CContainer1() : m_vector({ 1, 2, 3 }) {}
            mse::mstd::array<int, 3> m_array;
        };
        mse::TXScopeObj<CContainer1> container1_scpobj;
        auto container1_m_array_scpptr = mse::make_xscope_pointer_to_member_v2(&container1_scpobj, &CContainer1::m_array);
        auto scp_iter4 = mse::mstd::make_xscope_begin_iterator(container1_m_array_scpptr);
        scp_iter4  ;
        auto res3 = *scp_iter4;
        
        /* You can also obtain a corresponding scope pointer from a scope iterator. */
        auto scp_ptr1 = mse::xscope_pointer(scp_iter4);
        auto res4 = *scp_ptr1;
        auto scp_cptr1 = mse::xscope_const_pointer(scp_iter4);
        auto res5 = *scp_cptr1;
    }

    #include "msemstdvector.h"
    #include <vector>
    
    int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
    
        mse::mstd::vector<int> mv;
        std::vector<int> sv;
        /* These two vectors should be completely interchangeable. The difference being that mv should throw
        an exception on any attempt to access invalid memory. */
        
        std::vector<int>::iterator sv1_it;
        mse::mstd::vector<int>::iterator mv1_it;
        {
            std::vector<int> sv1 = { 1, 2, 3 };
            sv1_it = sv1.begin();
            
            mse::mstd::vector<int> mv1 = { 1, 2, 3 };
            mv1_it = mv1.begin();
        }
        
        // (*sv1_it) = 4; // not good
        
        try {
            /* At this point, mv1's data has not actually been deallocated/destructed yet because it "knows" that there
        is an iterator, namely mv1_it, that is still referencing it. It will be deallocated when there are no more
        iterators referencing it. */
        
            (*mv1_it) = 4; // In debug mode this will fail an assert. In non-debug mode it'll just work (safely). 
        } catch(...) {
            /* At present, no exception will be thrown. With future library implementations, maybe. */
        }
    }

    #include "msemsevector.h"
    #include "mseasyncshared.h"
    #include "mseregistered.h"
    
    int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
    
        typedef mse::fixed_nii_vector<mse::nii_string> fixed_nii_vector1_t;

        mse::TRegisteredObj<fixed_nii_vector1_t> rg_vo1{ mse::nii_string{"abc"}, mse::nii_string{"def"} };
        mse::TRegisteredPointer<fixed_nii_vector1_t> vo1_regptr1 = &rg_vo1;

        /* fixed_nii_vector<> does not have a begin() member function that returns an "implicit reference" iterator. You can obtain an
        iterator using the make_begin_iterator() et al. functions, which take a (safe) pointer to the container. */
        auto iter1 = mse::make_begin_iterator(vo1_regptr1);
        auto citer1 = mse::make_end_const_iterator(vo1_regptr1);
        citer1 = iter1;

        /* fixed_nii_vector<>s can be constructed from other (resizeable) vector types */
        auto nvec1 = mse::nii_vector<int>{ 1, 2, 3 };
        mse::fixed_nii_vector<int> fixed_nvec1(nvec1);
        assert(fixed_nvec1.size() == nvec1.size());
        mse::fixed_nii_vector<int> fixed_nvec2(mse::mstd::vector<int>{ 1, 2 });

        class A {
        public:
            A() {}
            int m_i = 0;
        };
        /* Here we're declaring that A can be safely shared between asynchronous threads. */
        typedef mse::rsv::TAsyncShareableAndPassableObj<A> shareable_A_t;

        /* When the element type of an fixed_nii_vector<> is marked as "async shareable", the fixed_nii_vector<> itself is
        (automatically) marked as async shareable as well and can be safely shared between asynchronous threads
        using "access requesters". */
        auto access_requester1 = mse::make_asyncsharedv2readwrite<mse::fixed_nii_vector<shareable_A_t>>();
        auto access_requester2 = mse::make_asyncsharedv2readwrite<fixed_nii_vector1_t>();

        /* If the element type of an fixed_nii_vector<> is not marked as "async shareable", then neither is the
        fixed_nii_vector<> itself. So attempting to create an "access requester" using it would result in a compile
        error. */
        //auto access_requester3 = mse::make_asyncsharedv2readwrite<mse::fixed_nii_vector<A>>();
        //auto access_requester4 = mse::make_asyncsharedv2readwrite<mse::fixed_nii_vector<mse::mstd::string>>();

        {
            /* If the vector is declared as a "scope" object (which basically indicates that it is declared
            on the stack), then you can use "scope" iterators. While there are limitations on when they can
            be used, scope iterators would be the preferred iterator type where performance is a priority
            as they don't require extra run-time overhead to ensure that the vector has not been prematurely
            deallocated. */

            /* Here we're declaring a fixed vector as a scope object. */
            mse::TXScopeObj<mse::fixed_nii_vector<int> > vector1_xscpobj{ 1, 2, 3 };

            {
                /* Here we're obtaining a scope iterator to the vector. */
                auto xscp_iter1 = mse::make_xscope_begin_iterator(&vector1_xscpobj);
                auto xscp_iter2 = mse::make_xscope_end_iterator(&vector1_xscpobj);

                std::sort(xscp_iter1, xscp_iter2);

                /* Here we're obtaining a scope pointer from a scope iterator. */
                auto xscp_ptr1 = mse::xscope_pointer(xscp_iter1);
                auto res3 = *xscp_ptr1;

                auto xscp_citer3 = mse::make_xscope_begin_const_iterator(&vector1_xscpobj);
                xscp_citer3 = xscp_iter1;
                xscp_citer3 = mse::make_xscope_begin_const_iterator(&vector1_xscpobj);

                xscp_citer3  = 2;
                auto res1 = *xscp_citer3;
                auto res2 = xscp_citer3[0];
            }
        }
    }

    #include "msemsevector.h"
    #include "mseasyncshared.h"
    
    int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
    
        auto xs_nii_vector1_xscpobj = mse::make_xscope(mse::nii_vector<int>{ 1, 2, 3 });
        /* first we demonstrate some resizing operations on the nii_vector<> */
        /* Note that the standard emplace(), insert() and erase() member functions return an iterator. Since nii_vector<> doesn't
        support "implicit reference" iterators (i.e. iterators generated from the native "this" pointer) those operations are provided by
        free functions that take an explicit (safe) "this" pointer used to generate and return an "explicit reference" iterator. */
        mse::push_back(&xs_nii_vector1_xscpobj, 4/*value*/);
        mse::erase(&xs_nii_vector1_xscpobj, 2/*position index*/);
        mse::insert(&xs_nii_vector1_xscpobj, 1/*position index*/, 5/*value*/);
        mse::insert(&xs_nii_vector1_xscpobj, 0/*position index*/, { 6, 7, 8}/*value*/);
        mse::emplace(&xs_nii_vector1_xscpobj, 2/*position index*/, 9/*value*/);

        const auto nii_vector1_expected = mse::nii_vector<int>{ 6, 7, 9, 8, 1, 5, 2, 4 };
        assert(nii_vector1_expected == xs_nii_vector1_xscpobj);

        /* Constructing a xscope_borrowing_fixed_nii_vector<> requires a (non-const) scope pointer to an eligible vector. */
        auto xs_bf_nii_vector1_xscpobj = mse::make_xscope(mse::make_xscope_borrowing_fixed_nii_vector(&xs_nii_vector1_xscpobj));

        {
            /* Here we're obtaining a scope iterator to the fixed vector. */
            auto xscp_iter1 = mse::make_xscope_begin_iterator(&xs_bf_nii_vector1_xscpobj);
            auto xscp_iter2 = mse::make_xscope_end_iterator(&xs_bf_nii_vector1_xscpobj);

            std::sort(xscp_iter1, xscp_iter2);

            /* Here we're obtaining a scope pointer from a scope iterator. */
            auto xscp_ptr1 = mse::xscope_pointer(xscp_iter1);
            auto res3 = *xscp_ptr1;

            auto xscp_citer3 = mse::make_xscope_begin_const_iterator(&xs_bf_nii_vector1_xscpobj);
            xscp_citer3 = xscp_iter1;
            xscp_citer3 = mse::make_xscope_begin_const_iterator(&xs_bf_nii_vector1_xscpobj);

            xscp_citer3  = 2;
            auto res1 = *xscp_citer3;
            auto res2 = xscp_citer3[0];
        }

        class A {
        public:
            A() {}
            int m_i = 0;
        };
        /* Here we're declaring that A can be safely shared between asynchronous threads. */
        typedef mse::rsv::TAsyncShareableAndPassableObj<A> shareable_A_t;

        /* When the element type of an xscope_borrowing_fixed_nii_vector<> is marked as "async shareable", the
        xscope_borrowing_fixed_nii_vector<> itself is (automatically) marked as async shareable as well and can be safely
        shared between asynchronous threads using "access requesters". */

        auto xs_shareable_nii_vector1 = mse::make_xscope(mse::nii_vector<shareable_A_t>{});
        auto xs_aco_bf_nii_vector1 = mse::make_xscope(mse::make_xscope_access_controlled(mse::make_xscope_borrowing_fixed_nii_vector(&xs_shareable_nii_vector1)));
        auto xs_access_requester1 = mse::make_xscope_asyncsharedv2acoreadwrite(&xs_aco_bf_nii_vector1);

        auto xs_shareable_nii_vector2 = mse::make_xscope(mse::nii_vector<mse::nii_string>{ "abc", "def" });
        auto xs_aco_bf_nii_vector2 = mse::make_xscope(mse::make_xscope_access_controlled(mse::make_xscope_borrowing_fixed_nii_vector(&xs_shareable_nii_vector2)));
        auto xs_access_requester2 = mse::make_xscope_asyncsharedv2acoreadwrite(&xs_aco_bf_nii_vector2);

        auto xs_shareable_nii_vector3 = mse::make_xscope(mse::nii_vector<A>{});
        /* If the element type of an xscope_borrowing_fixed_nii_vector<> is not marked as "async shareable", then neither is the
        xscope_borrowing_fixed_nii_vector<> itself. So attempting to create an "access controlled object" using it would result in
        a compile error. */
        //auto xs_aco_bf_nii_vector3 = mse::make_xscope(mse::make_xscope_access_controlled(mse::make_xscope_borrowing_fixed_nii_vector(&xs_shareable_nii_vector3)));
        //auto xs_access_requester3 = mse::make_xscope_asyncsharedv2acoreadwrite(&xs_aco_bf_nii_vector3);
    }

    #include "mseslta.h"
    #include "msemsevector.h"
    
    int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {

        auto vec2 = mse::make_xscope(mse::stnii_vector<int>{ 5, 7 });

        {
            auto const& vec2_cref = vec2;

            /* Obtaining an xscope_borrowing_fixed_nii_vector<> requires a non-const pointer to the lending vector. 
            When only a const pointer is available we can instead use xscope_accessing_fixed_nii_vector<> for supported vector types. */
            auto af_vec2a = mse::make_xscope_accessing_fixed_nii_vector(&vec2_cref);
            // or
            //auto af_vec2a = mse::xscope_accessing_fixed_nii_vector(&vec2_cref);

            auto& elem_ref1 = af_vec2a[0];
            int i4 = elem_ref1;
        }
        {
            /* While const (scope) pointers to some vector types aren't supported, "access controlled" (scope) 
            const pointers would be supported when those vectors are declared as (xscope) "exclusive writer" objects. */
            auto const vec3 = mse::make_xscope_exclusive_writer(mse::nii_vector<int>{ 11, 13 });

            auto af_vec3a = mse::make_xscope_accessing_fixed_nii_vector(vec3.const_pointer());

            auto& elem_ref2 = af_vec3a[0];
            int i5 = elem_ref2;
        }
    }

    #include "mseivector.h"
    
    int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
        mse::ivector<int> v = { 1, 2, 3, 4 };

        auto ip1 = v.begin();
        ip1  = 2;
        assert(3 == (*ip1));
        auto ip2 = v.begin();
        v.erase(ip2); /* remove the first item */
        assert(3 == (*ip1)); /* ip1 continues to point to the same item, not the same position */
        ip1--;
        assert(2 == (*ip1));
        for (auto cip = v.cbegin(); v.cend() != cip; cip  ) {
            /* You might imagine what would happen if cip were a regular vector iterator. */
            v.insert(v.begin(), (*cip));
        }

        /* Btw, the iterators are compatible with stl algorithms, like any other stl iterators. */
        std::sort(v.begin(), v.end());
    }

    #include "msemsevector.h"
    #include "mseasyncshared.h"
    #include "mseregistered.h"
    
    int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
    
        /* mtnii_vector<> is a safe vector that is eligible to be (safely) shared between asynchronous threads. */

        typedef mse::mtnii_vector<mse::mtnii_string> mtnii_vector1_t;

        mse::TRegisteredObj<mtnii_vector1_t> rg_vo1;
        for (size_t i = 0; i < 5; i  = 1) {
            rg_vo1.push_back("some text");
        }
        mse::TRegisteredPointer<mtnii_vector1_t> vo1_regptr1 = &rg_vo1;

        /* mtnii_vector<> does not have a begin() member function that returns an "implicit reference" iterator. You can obtain an
        iterator using the make_begin_iterator() et al. functions, which take a (safe) pointer to the container. */
        auto iter1 = mse::make_begin_iterator(vo1_regptr1);
        auto citer1 = mse::make_end_const_iterator(vo1_regptr1);
        citer1 = iter1;
        rg_vo1.emplace(vo1_regptr1, citer1, "some other text");
        rg_vo1.insert(vo1_regptr1, citer1, "some other text");
        mse::mtnii_string str1 = "some other text";
        rg_vo1.insert(vo1_regptr1, citer1, str1);

        class A {
        public:
            A() {}
            int m_i = 0;
        };
        /* Here we're declaring that A can be safely shared between asynchronous threads. */
        typedef mse::rsv::TAsyncShareableAndPassableObj<A> shareable_A_t;

        /* When the element type of an mtnii_vector<> is marked as "async shareable", the mtnii_vector<> itself is
        (automatically) marked as async shareable as well and can be safely shared between asynchronous threads
        using "access requesters". */
        auto access_requester1 = mse::make_asyncsharedv2readwrite<mse::mtnii_vector<shareable_A_t>>();
        auto access_requester2 = mse::make_asyncsharedv2readwrite<mtnii_vector1_t>();

        /* If the element type of an mtnii_vector<> is not marked as "async shareable", then neither is the
        mtnii_vector<> itself. So attempting to create an "access requester" using it would result in a compile
        error. */
        //auto access_requester3 = mse::make_asyncsharedv2readwrite<mse::mtnii_vector<A>>();
        //auto access_requester4 = mse::make_asyncsharedv2readwrite<mse::mtnii_vector<mse::mstd::string>>();

        typedef mse::mstd::vector<mse::mtnii_string> vector1_t;
        vector1_t vo2 = { "a", "b", "c" };
        /* mstd::vector<>s, for example, are not safely shareable between threads. But if its element type is
        safely shareable, then the contents of the mse::mstd::vector<>, can be swapped with a corresponding
        shareable mtnii_vector<>. Note that vector swaps are intrinsically fast operations. */
        std::swap(vo2, *(access_requester2.writelock_ptr()));

        {
            /* If the vector is declared as a "scope" object (which basically indicates that it is declared
            on the stack), then you can use "scope" iterators. While there are limitations on when they can
            be used, scope iterators would be the preferred iterator type where performance is a priority
            as they don't require extra run-time overhead to ensure that the vector has not been prematurely
            deallocated. */

            /* Here we're declaring a vector as a scope object. */
            mse::TXScopeObj<mse::mtnii_vector<int> > vector1_xscpobj = mse::mtnii_vector<int>{ 1, 2, 3 };

            {
                /* Here we're obtaining a scope iterator to the vector. */
                auto xscp_iter1 = mse::make_xscope_begin_iterator(&vector1_xscpobj);
                auto xscp_iter2 = mse::make_xscope_end_iterator(&vector1_xscpobj);

                std::sort(xscp_iter1, xscp_iter2);

                /* Note that scope iterators to vectors (and other dynamic containers), "lock the structure" of the container
                so that, for example, it cannot be resized. This allows us to obtain a scope pointer to the iterator's
                target element. */
                auto xscp_ptr1 = mse::xscope_pointer(xscp_iter1);
                auto res3 = *xscp_ptr1;

                auto xscp_citer3 = mse::make_xscope_begin_const_iterator(&vector1_xscpobj);
                xscp_citer3 = xscp_iter1;
                xscp_citer3 = mse::make_xscope_begin_const_iterator(&vector1_xscpobj);
                xscp_citer3  = 2;
                auto res1 = *xscp_citer3;
                auto res2 = xscp_citer3[0];
            }
            /* After all the scope pointers have gone out of scope, you may again perform operations that affect the container's
            "structure" (i.e. size or capacity). */
            vector1_xscpobj.push_back(4);
        }
    }

    #include "msescope.h"
    #include "msemsevector.h"
    #include "msemstdvector.h"
    
    int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
    
        /* stnii_vector<> is just a version of mtnii_vector<> that is not eligible to be shared between threads (and has
        a little less overhead as a result). */

        mse::TXScopeObj<mse::stnii_vector<int> > vector1_xscpobj = mse::stnii_vector<int>{ 1, 2, 3 };

        {
            mse::TXScopeFixedConstPointer<mse::stnii_vector<int> > xscptr = &vector1_xscpobj;
            auto xscp_citer1 = mse::make_xscope_begin_const_iterator(xscptr);
            xscp_citer1  = 2;
            auto xscp_cptr1 = mse::xscope_const_pointer(xscp_citer1);
            auto res1 = *xscp_cptr1;
        }
        vector1_xscpobj.push_back(4);

        /* stnii_vector<>s can be (efficiently) swapped with mtnii_vector<>s. */
        auto mtniiv1 = mse::mtnii_vector<int>();
        std::swap(vector1_xscpobj, mtniiv1);
        /* Or mstd::vector<>s. */
        auto mstdv1 = mse::mstd::vector<int>();
        std::swap(vector1_xscpobj, mstdv1);
    }

    #include "msemsevector.h"
    
    int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
        /* Unfortunately, you cannot obtain a direct scope const pointer to an nii_vector<> element from a scope const
        pointer to the nii_vector<>. (nii_vector<> is the only one of the library's vectors that has this shortcoming.)
        However, for vectors that are access controlled with an "exclusive writer" access policy, you can use an
        "exclusive writer" const pointer to obtain a direct scope const pointer to a vector element. */
        auto xs_ew_niivec1 = mse::make_xscope(mse::make_exclusive_writer(mse::nii_vector<int>{ 1, 2, 3 }));
        // which can also be written as:
        // mse::TXScopeObj<mse::TExclusiveWriterObj<mse::nii_vector<int> > > xs_ew_niivec1 = mse::nii_vector<int>{ 1, 2, 3 };
        {
            auto xs_ew_cptr1 = mse::make_xscope_access_controlled_const_pointer(xs_ew_niivec1);
            /* The following scope iterator is of a type that reflects that it was constructed from an "exclusive writer"
            const pointer. */
            auto xs_citer1 = mse::make_xscope_begin_const_iterator(xs_ew_cptr1);
            xs_citer1  = 2;
            /* We can obtain a (zero-overhead) scope pointer from the (lvalue) iterator. */
            auto xs_cptr1 = mse::xscope_const_pointer(xs_citer1);
            auto val1 = *xs_cptr1;
        }
        /* Once the "access controlled const pointer" no longer exists, we can obtain an "access controlled 
        (non-const) pointer" and modify the vector again. */
        mse::push_back(mse::make_xscope_access_controlled_pointer(xs_ew_niivec1), 4);
    }

    #include "msemsearray.h" //random access sections are defined in this file
    #include "msemstdarray.h"
    #include "msemstdvector.h"
    
    class J {
    public:
        template<class _TRASection>
        static void foo13(_TRASection ra_section) {
            for (_TRASection::size_type i = 0; i < ra_section.size(); i  = 1) {
                ra_section[i] = 0;
            }
        }
        template<class _TRAConstSection>
        static int foo14(_TRAConstSection const_ra_section) {
            int retval = 0;
            for (_TRAConstSection::size_type i = 0; i < const_ra_section.size(); i  = 1) {
                retval  = const_ra_section[i];
            }
            return retval;
        }
        template<class _TRAConstSection>
        static int foo15(_TRAConstSection const_ra_section) {
            int retval = 0;
            for (const auto& const_item : const_ra_section) {
                retval  = const_item;
            }
            return retval;
        }
    };

    int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
        mse::mstd::array<int, 4> mstd_array1{ 1, 2, 3, 4 };
        mse::mstd::vector<int> mstd_vec1{ 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 };

        auto xscp_ra_section1 = mse::make_xscope_random_access_section(mstd_array1.begin(), 2);
        J::foo13(xscp_ra_section1);

        auto ra_const_section2 = mse::make_random_access_const_section(  mstd_vec1.begin(), 3);
        auto res6 = J::foo15(ra_const_section2);
        auto res7 = J::foo14(ra_const_section2);

        auto xscp_ra_section1_xscp_iter1 = xscp_ra_section1.xscope_begin();
        auto xscp_ra_section1_xscp_iter2 = xscp_ra_section1.xscope_end();
        auto res8 = xscp_ra_section1_xscp_iter2 - xscp_ra_section1_xscp_iter1;
        bool res9 = (xscp_ra_section1_xscp_iter1 < xscp_ra_section1_xscp_iter2);
        
        /* Like non-owning scope pointers, scope sections may not be used as a function return value. (The return_value()
        function wrapper enforces this.) Pretty much the only time you'd legitimately want to do this is when the
        returned section is constructed from one of the input parameters. Let's consider a simple example of a
        "first_half()" function that takes a scope section and returns a scope section spanning the first half of the
        section. The library provides the random_access_subsection() function which takes a random access section and a
        tuple containing a start index and a length and returns a random access section spanning the indicated
        subsection. You could use this function to implement the equivalent of a "first_half()" function like so: */
        
        auto xscp_ra_section3 = mse::random_access_subsection(xscp_ra_section1, std::make_tuple(0, xscp_ra_section1.length()/2));
        assert(xscp_ra_section3.length() == 1);
    }

    #include "msemsestring.h" // make_string_section() is defined in this header
    #include "msemstdstring.h"
    
    int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {

        /* "String sections" are the string specialized versions of "random access sections", basically providing the
        functionality of std::string_view but supporting construction from any (safe) iterator type, not just raw
        pointer iterators. */
    
        mse::mstd::string mstring1("some text");
        auto string_section1 = mse::make_string_section(mstring1.begin()   1, 7);
        auto string_section2 = string_section1.substr(4, 3);
        assert(string_section2.front() == 't');
        assert(string_section2.back() == 'x');
    
        /* Unlike std::string_view, string sections are available in "non-const" versions. */
        string_section2[0] = 'T';
        std::cout << string_section2;
        assert(mstring1 == "some Text");
    }

    #include "msepoly.h" // mstd::string_view is defined in this header
    #include "msemstdstring.h"
    
    int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
    
        /* std::string_view stores an (unsafe) pointer iterator into its target string. mse::mstd::string_view can
        instead store any type of string iterator, including memory safe iterators. So for example, when assigned
        from an mse::mstd::string, mse::mstd::string_view will hold one of mse::mstd::string's safe (strong) iterators
        (obtained with a call to the string's cbegin() member function). Consequently, the mse::mstd::string_view will
        be safe against "use-after-free" bugs to which std::string_view is so prone. */
    
        mse::mstd::string_view msv1;
        {
            mse::mstd::string mstring1("some text");
            msv1 = mstring1;
        }
        try {
            /* This is not undefined (or unsafe) behavior. */
            auto ch1 = msv1[3]; /* In debug mode this will fail an assert. In non-debug mode it'll just work (safely). */
            assert('e' == ch1);
        }
        catch (...) {
            /* At present, no exception will be thrown. Instead, the lifespan of the string data is extended to match
            that of the mstd::string_view. It's possible that in future library implementations, an exception may be thrown. */
        }
    
        mse::mstd::string mstring2("some other text");
        /* With std::string_view, you specify a string subrange with a raw pointer iterator and a length. With
        mse::mstd::string_view you are not restricted to (unsafe) raw pointer iterators. You can use memory safe
        iterators like those provided by mse::mstd::string. */
        auto msv2 = mse::mstd::string_view(mstring2.cbegin() 5, 7);
        assert(msv2 == "other t");
    }

    #include "msepoly.h"
    
    int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
        mse::mstd::array<int, 4> array1 { 1, 2, 3, 4 };
        mse::mstd::array<int, 5> array2 { 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 };
        mse::mstd::vector<int> vec1 { 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 };
        class B {
        public:
            static void foo1(mse::TXScopeAnyRandomAccessIterator<int> ra_iter1) {
                ra_iter1[1] = 15;
            }
            static int foo2(mse::TXScopeAnyRandomAccessConstIterator<int> const_ra_iter1) {
                const_ra_iter1  = 2;
                --const_ra_iter1;
                const_ra_iter1--;
                return const_ra_iter1[2];
            }
            static void foo3(mse::TXScopeAnyRandomAccessSection<int> ra_section) {
                for (mse::TXScopeAnyRandomAccessSection<int>::size_type i = 0; i < ra_section.size(); i  = 1) {
                    ra_section[i] = 0;
                }
            }
            static int foo4(mse::TXScopeAnyRandomAccessConstSection<int> const_ra_section) {
                int retval = 0;
                for (mse::TXScopeAnyRandomAccessSection<int>::size_type i = 0; i < const_ra_section.size(); i  = 1) {
                    retval  = const_ra_section[i];
                }
                return retval;
            }
            static int foo5(mse::TXScopeAnyRandomAccessConstSection<int> const_ra_section) {
                int retval = 0;
                for (const auto& const_item : const_ra_section) {
                    retval  = const_item;
                }
                return retval;
            }
        };
    
        auto array_iter1 = array1.begin();
        array_iter1  ;
        auto res1 = B::foo2(array_iter1);
        B::foo1(array_iter1);
    
        auto array_const_iter2 = array2.cbegin();
        array_const_iter2  = 2;
        auto res2 = B::foo2(array_const_iter2);
    
        auto res3 = B::foo2(vec1.cbegin());
        B::foo1(  vec1.begin());
        auto res4 = B::foo2(vec1.begin());
    
        mse::TXScopeAnyRandomAccessSection<int> ra_section1(array_iter1, 2);
        B::foo3(ra_section1);
    
        mse::TXScopeAnyRandomAccessSection<int> ra_section2(  vec1.begin(), 3);
        auto res5 = B::foo5(ra_section2);
        B::foo3(ra_section2);
        auto res6 = B::foo4(ra_section2);
    }

    #include "msepoly.h" // TAnyStringSection<> is defined in this header
    #include "msemstdstring.h"
    #include "msemsestring.h"
    #include "mseregistered.h"
    
    int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
    
        /* "Any" string sections are basically polymorphic string sections that can hold the value of any string
        section type. They can be used as function parameter types to enable functions to accept any type of string
        section. */
    
        mse::mstd::string mstring1("some text");
        mse::TAnyStringSection<char> any_string_section1(mstring1.begin() 5, 3);
    
        auto string_literal = "some text";
        mse::TAnyStringConstSection<char> any_string_const_section2(string_literal 5, 3);
    
        typedef mse::TRegisteredObj<mse::nii_string> reg_nii_string_t;
        reg_nii_string_t reg_nii_string3("some other text");
        /* This is a different type of (safe) iterator to a different type of string. */
        auto iter = reg_nii_string_t::ss_begin(&reg_nii_string3);
    
        /* Resulting in a different type of string section. */
        auto string_section3 = mse::make_string_section(iter 11, 3);
    
        mse::TAnyStringSection<char> any_string_section3 = string_section3;
        assert(any_string_section1 == any_string_section3);
        assert(any_string_section1.front() == 't');
        assert(any_string_section1.back() == 'x');
        any_string_section1 = string_section3;
        any_string_section1[1] = 'E';
    }

    #include "msemsearray.h" //TXScopeCSSSXSTERandomAccessIterator/Section are defined in this header
    #include "msemstdarray.h"
    #include "msemstdvector.h"
    
    int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
        auto xs_mstd_array1 = mse::make_xscope(mse::mstd::array<int, 4>{ 1, 2, 3, 4 });
        auto xs_msearray2 = mse::make_xscope(mse::us::msearray<int, 5>{ 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 });
        auto xs_mstd_vec1 = mse::make_xscope(mse::mstd::vector<int>{ 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 });
        class B {
        public:
            static void foo1(mse::TXScopeCSSSXSTERandomAccessIterator<int> ra_iter1) {
                ra_iter1[1] = 15;
            }
            static int foo2(mse::TXScopeCSSSXSTERandomAccessConstIterator<int> const_ra_iter1) {
                const_ra_iter1  = 2;
                --const_ra_iter1;
                const_ra_iter1--;
                return const_ra_iter1[2];
            }
            static void foo3(mse::TXScopeCSSSXSTERandomAccessSection<int> ra_section) {
                for (mse::TXScopeCSSSXSTERandomAccessSection<int>::size_type i = 0; i < ra_section.size(); i  = 1) {
                    ra_section[i] = 0;
                }
            }
            static int foo4(mse::TXScopeCSSSXSTERandomAccessConstSection<int> const_ra_section) {
                int retval = 0;
                for (mse::TXScopeCSSSXSTERandomAccessSection<int>::size_type i = 0; i < const_ra_section.size(); i  = 1) {
                    retval  = const_ra_section[i];
                }
                return retval;
            }
            static int foo5(mse::TXScopeCSSSXSTERandomAccessConstSection<int> const_ra_section) {
                int retval = 0;
                for (const auto& const_item : const_ra_section) {
                    retval  = const_item;
                }
                return retval;
            }
        };

        auto xs_mstd_array_iter1 = mse::make_xscope_begin_iterator(&xs_mstd_array1);
        xs_mstd_array_iter1  ;
        auto res1 = B::foo2(xs_mstd_array_iter1);
        B::foo1(xs_mstd_array_iter1);

        auto xs_msearray_const_iter2 = mse::make_xscope_begin_const_iterator(&xs_msearray2);
        xs_msearray_const_iter2  = 2;
        auto res2 = B::foo2(xs_msearray_const_iter2);

        auto xs_mstd_vec1_citer1 = mse::make_xscope_begin_const_iterator(&xs_mstd_vec1);
        auto res3 = B::foo2(xs_mstd_vec1_citer1);
        /*
        Note that attempting to combine the previous two lines into a single expression like so:
        auto res3b = B::foo2(mse::make_xscope_begin_const_iterator(&xs_mstd_vec1));
        is not supported and would result in a compile error.

        In the case of dynamic containers, like vectors and strings, the (scope) iterators can only be converted to
        TXScopeCSSSXSTERandomAccessIterator<>s if they are lvalues, not temporaries/rvalues. This is because scope iterators
        hold a "structure lock" that prevents the container from being resized. If the scope iterator you're attempting to
        convert from is a temporary (rvalue) one, then the structure lock would be just as temporary and it would not be safe
        to create a TXScopeCSSSXSTERandomAccessIterator<> that outlives the period when the container is "structure locked".
        "Non-resizable" containers, like arrays, do not have the same issue, so this restriction does not apply to their
        (scope) iterators.
        */

        auto xs_mstd_vec1_citer2 =   mse::make_xscope_begin_iterator(&xs_mstd_vec1);
        B::foo1(xs_mstd_vec1_citer2);
        auto xs_mstd_vec1_iter1 = mse::make_xscope_begin_iterator(&xs_mstd_vec1);
        auto res4 = B::foo2(xs_mstd_vec1_iter1);

        auto xs_mstd_vec1_begin_iter1 = mse::make_xscope_begin_iterator(&xs_mstd_vec1);
        mse::TXScopeCSSSXSTERandomAccessIterator<int> xs_te_iter1 = xs_mstd_vec1_begin_iter1;
        auto xs_mstd_vec1_end_iter1 = mse::make_xscope_end_iterator(&xs_mstd_vec1);
        mse::TXScopeCSSSXSTERandomAccessIterator<int> xs_te_iter2 = xs_mstd_vec1_end_iter1;
        auto res5 = xs_te_iter2 - xs_te_iter1;
        xs_te_iter2 = xs_te_iter1;

        {
            auto std_array1 = mse::make_xscope(std::array<int, 4>{ 1, 2, 3, 4 });
            mse::TXScopeCSSSXSTERandomAccessIterator<int> xs_te_iter1(mse::make_xscope_begin_iterator(&std_array1));
            mse::TXScopeCSSSXSTERandomAccessIterator<int> xs_te_iter2 = mse::make_xscope_end_iterator(&std_array1);
            auto res5 = xs_te_iter2 - xs_te_iter1;
            xs_te_iter1 = xs_te_iter2;
        }

        mse::TXScopeObj<mse::mstd::array<int, 4> > mstd_array3_scbobj = mse::mstd::array<int, 4>({ 1, 2, 3, 4 });
        auto mstd_array_scpiter3 = mse::mstd::make_xscope_begin_iterator(&mstd_array3_scbobj);
          mstd_array_scpiter3;
        B::foo1(mstd_array_scpiter3);

        mse::TXScopeCSSSXSTERandomAccessSection<int> xscp_ra_section1(xs_mstd_array_iter1  , 2);
        B::foo3(xscp_ra_section1);

        auto xs_mstd_vec_iter1 = mse::make_xscope_begin_iterator(&xs_mstd_vec1);
        mse::TXScopeCSSSXSTERandomAccessSection<int> xscp_ra_section2(  xs_mstd_vec_iter1, 3);
        /*
        Note that had we instead used the postfix increment operator on the xs_mstd_vec_iter1 argument in the previous line
        like so:
        mse::TXScopeCSSSXSTERandomAccessSection<int> xscp_ra_section2b(xs_mstd_vec_iter1  , 3);
        we would have gotten a compile error. That's because unlike the prefix increment operator, the postfix increment
        operator returns a temporary (rvalue) copy of the iterator, and as noted earlier, in the case of dynamic containers,
        like vectors and strings, conversion/construction from temporary (rvalue) versions of their iterators could be unsafe
        and is not supported.
        */

        auto res6 = B::foo5(xscp_ra_section2);
        B::foo3(xscp_ra_section2);
        auto res7 = B::foo4(xscp_ra_section2);

        auto xscp_ra_section1_xscp_iter1 = xscp_ra_section1.xscope_begin();
        auto xscp_ra_section1_xscp_iter2 = xscp_ra_section1.xscope_end();
        auto res8 = xscp_ra_section1_xscp_iter2 - xscp_ra_section1_xscp_iter1;
        bool res9 = (xscp_ra_section1_xscp_iter1 < xscp_ra_section1_xscp_iter2);

        auto xs_ra_section1 = mse::make_xscope_random_access_section(xs_mstd_array_iter1, 2);
        B::foo3(xs_ra_section1);
        auto xs_ra_const_section2 = mse::make_xscope_random_access_const_section(mse::make_xscope_begin_const_iterator(&xs_mstd_vec1), 2);
        B::foo4(xs_ra_const_section2);
    }

    #include "msemsestring.h" // TXScopeCSSSXSTEStringSection is defined in this header
    #include "msemstdstring.h"
    
    int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {

        auto xs_mstring1 = mse::make_xscope(mse::mstd::string("some text"));
        auto xs_mstring1_iter1 = mse::make_xscope_begin_iterator(&xs_mstring1)   5;
        mse::TXScopeCSSSXSTEStringSection<char> xs_csssxste_string_section1(xs_mstring1_iter1, 3);
        /* Note when passing a (scope) string iterator to TXScopeCSSSXSTEStringSection<>'s constructor, as with
        TXScopeCSSSXSTERandomAccessSection<>, that iterator must be an lvalue, not a temporary (rvalue), otherwise
        you'll get a compile error.*/

        mse::TXScopeCSSSXSTEStringConstSection<char> xs_csssxste_string_const_section2("some text");

        auto xs_nii_string3 = mse::make_xscope(mse::nii_string("some other text"));
        auto xs_string_section3 = mse::make_xscope_string_section(mse::make_xscope_begin_iterator(&xs_nii_string3)   11, 3);
        /* Note that xs_string_section3 is just a regular string section, not a TXScopeCSSSXSTEStringSection<>, so we
        can construct it from an rvalue iterator. */

        mse::TXScopeCSSSXSTEStringSection<char> xs_csssxste_string_section3 = xs_string_section3;
        /* As with iterators, only construction from lvalue string sections is supported, not temporary (rvalue) string sections. */

        assert(xs_csssxste_string_section1 == xs_csssxste_string_section3);
        assert(xs_csssxste_string_section1.front() == 't');
        assert(xs_csssxste_string_section1.back() == 'x');
        xs_csssxste_string_section1[1] = 'E';
    }

    #include "mseoptional.h"
    
    int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
        auto opt1 = mse::mstd::optional<int>{ 7 };
        assert(opt1.has_value());
        auto val1 = opt1.value();
    }

    #include "mseoptional.h"
    #include "msemstdstring.h"
    
    int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
    
        auto xs_opt1 = mse::make_xscope(mse::make_optional(mse::mstd::string("abc")));
        // which can also be written as
        // auto xs_opt1 = mse::TXScopeObj<mse::optional<mse::mstd::string> >("abc");

        xs_opt1 = {};
        xs_opt1 = mse::mstd::string("def");

        {
            /* Here we obtain an xscope_borrowing_fixed_optional<> that "borrows" the contents of xs_opt1. */
            auto xs_bfopt1 = mse::make_xscope_borrowing_fixed_optional(&xs_opt1);

            /* Note that accessing xs_opt1 is prohibited while xs_bfopt1 exists. This restriction is enforced.*/

            /* Here we obtain a (safe) pointer to the contained element. */
            auto xs_elem_ptr1 = mse::make_xscope_fixed_optional_element_pointer(&xs_bfopt1);

            /* We can also then obtain a scope pointer to the contained element. */
            auto xs_ptr1 = mse::xscope_pointer(xs_elem_ptr1);
            auto val1 = *xs_ptr1;
            *xs_ptr1 = mse::mstd::string("ghi");
        }
        /* After the xscope_borrowing_fixed_optional<> is gone, we can again access our optional<>. */
        xs_opt1.reset();
    }

    #include "mseoptional.h"
    #include "msemsestring.h"
    #include "mseasyncshared.h"
    
    int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
        auto opt1_access_requester = mse::make_asyncsharedv2readwrite<mse::mt_optional<mse::nii_string> >("abc");
        auto elem_ptr1 = mse::make_optional_element_pointer(opt1_access_requester.writelock_ptr());
        auto val1 = *elem_ptr1;
    }

    #include "mseoptional.h"
    #include "msemstdstring.h"
    
    int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
        /* Here we're creating a (string) object of scope type. */
        auto xs_str1 = mse::make_xscope(mse::mstd::string("abc"));

        /* Here we're creating an xscope_st_optional<> object that contains a scope pointer to the (scope) string object.
        mstd::optional<>, for example, would not support this. */
        auto xsopt1 = mse::make_xscope_st_optional(&xs_str1);
        // which can also be written as
        // auto xsopt1 = mse::xscope_st_optional<mse::TXScopeFixedPointer<mse::mstd::string> >(&xs_str1);

        auto val1 = *(xsopt1.value());
    }

    #include "mseany.h"
    
    int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
        auto any1 = mse::mstd::any<int>{ 7 };
        assert(any1.has_value());
        auto val1 = mse::mstd::any_cast<int>(any1);
    }

    #include "mseany.h"
    #include "msemstdstring.h"
    
    int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
    
        auto xs_any1 = mse::make_xscope(mse::make_any<mse::mstd::string>("abc"));
        // which can also be written as
        // auto xs_any1 = mse::TXScopeObj<mse::any<mse::mstd::string> >("abc");

        xs_any1 = {};
        xs_any1 = mse::mstd::string("def");

        {
            /* Here we obtain an xscope_borrowing_fixed_any<> that "borrows" the contents of xs_any1. */
            auto xs_bfany1 = mse::make_xscope_borrowing_fixed_any(&xs_any1);

            /* Note that accessing xs_any1 is prohibited while xs_bfany1 exists. This restriction is enforced.*/

            /* Here we obtain a (safe) pointer to the contained element. */
            auto xs_elem_ptr1 = mse::make_xscope_fixed_any_element_pointer<mse::mstd::string>(&xs_bfany1);

            /* We can also then obtain a scope pointer to the contained element. */
            auto xs_ptr1 = mse::xscope_pointer(xs_elem_ptr1);
            auto val1 = *xs_ptr1;
            *xs_ptr1 = mse::mstd::string("ghi");
        }
        /* After the xscope_borrowing_fixed_any<> is gone, we can again access our `any`. */
        xs_any1.reset();
    }

    #include "mseany.h"
    #include "msemsestring.h"
    #include "mseasyncshared.h"
    
    int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
        auto any1_access_requester = mse::make_asyncsharedv2readwrite<mse::mt_any>(mse::nii_string("abc"));
        auto elem_ptr1 = mse::make_any_element_pointer<mse::nii_string>(any1_access_requester.writelock_ptr());
        auto val1 = *elem_ptr1;
    }

    #include "mseany.h"
    #include "msemstdstring.h"
    
    int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
        /* Here we're creating a (string) object of scope type. */
        auto xs_str1 = mse::make_xscope(mse::mstd::string("abc"));

        /* Here we're creating an xscope_st_any object that contains a scope pointer to the (scope) string object.
        mstd::any, for example, would not support this. */
        auto xsany1 = mse::make_xscope_st_any<decltype(&xs_str1)>(&xs_str1);

        auto val1 = *(mse::any_cast<decltype(&xs_str1)>(xsany1));
    }

    #include "msetuple.h"
    #include "msemstdstring.h"
    #include "mserefcounting.h"
    
    int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
        {
            /* You may, on occasion, need a (safe) pointer that directly targets a tuple element. You
            could make the element type a "registered" or "norad" object. Alternatively, you can obtain a safe
            pointer to a contained element from a pointer to the tuple<> object like so: */
            auto tup1_refcptr = mse::make_refcounting<mse::mstd::tuple<double, char, mse::mstd::string> >(mse::mstd::make_tuple(3.8, 'A', mse::mstd::string("Lisa Simpson")));
            auto elem_ptr1 = mse::make_tuple_element_pointer<double>(tup1_refcptr);
            auto val1 = *elem_ptr1;
        }
        
        {
            /* More commonly, the tuple<> object might be declared as a scope object. */
            auto xs_tup1 = mse::make_xscope(mse::mstd::make_tuple(3.8, 'A', mse::mstd::string("Lisa Simpson")));
            // which can also be written as
            // auto xs_tup1 = mse::TXScopeObj<mse::mstd::tuple<double, char, mse::mstd::string> >(3.8, 'A', mse::mstd::string("Lisa Simpson"));

            auto xs_elem_ptr1 = mse::make_xscope_tuple_element_pointer<2>(&xs_tup1);

            /* Here we obtain a "regular" scope pointer to the element from the scope "tuple element pointer". */
            auto xs_ptr1 = mse::xscope_pointer(xs_elem_ptr1);
            auto val1 = *xs_ptr1;
        }
    }

    #include "msetuple.h"
    #include "msemstdstring.h"
    
    int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
            
            /* Here we're creating a (string) object of scope type. */
            auto xs_str1 = mse::make_xscope(mse::mstd::string("abc"));
            
            /* Here we're creating an xscope_tuple<> object that contains a scope pointer to the (scope) string object.
            mstd::tuple<>, for example, would not support this. */
            auto xstup1 = mse::make_xscope_tuple(&xs_str1);
            // which can also be written as
            // auto xstup1 = mse::xscope_tuple<mse::TXScopeFixedPointer<mse::mstd::string> >(&xs_str1);
            
            auto val1 = *(std::get<0>(xstup1));
    }

#include "msescope.h"
#include "msealgorithm.h"
#include "msemstdarray.h"
#include "msemstdvector.h"
    
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {

    mse::TXScopeObj<mse::nii_array<int, 3> > xscope_na1 = mse::nii_array<int, 3>{ 1, 2, 3 };
    auto xscope_na1_begin_citer = mse::make_xscope_begin_const_iterator(&xscope_na1);
    auto xscope_na1_end_citer = mse::make_xscope_end_const_iterator(&xscope_na1);

    mse::mstd::array<int, 3> ma1{ 1, 2, 3 };

    auto xscope_nv1 = mse::make_xscope(mse::nii_vector<int>{ 1, 2, 3 });

    /* Here we declare a vector protected by an "excluse writer" access control wrapper. */
    auto xscope_ewnv1 = mse::make_xscope(mse::make_xscope_exclusive_writer(mse::nii_vector<int>{ 1, 2, 3 }));

    {
        /*  mse::for_each_ptr() is like std::for_each() but instead of passing, to the given function, a reference
        to each item it passes a (safe) pointer to each item. The actual type of the pointer varies depending on the
        type of the given iterators. */
        typedef mse::for_each_ptr_type<decltype(ma1.begin())> item_ptr_t;
        mse::for_each_ptr(ma1.begin(), ma1.end(), [](item_ptr_t x_ptr) { std::cout << *x_ptr << std::endl; });

        mse::for_each_ptr(xscope_na1_begin_citer, xscope_na1_end_citer, [](const auto x_ptr) { std::cout << *x_ptr << std::endl; });

        /* A "scope range" version is also available that bypasses the use of iterators. As well as often being more
        convenient, it can theoretically be little more performance optimal. */
        typedef mse::xscope_range_for_each_ptr_type<decltype(&xscope_na1)> range_item_ptr_t;
        mse::xscope_range_for_each_ptr(&xscope_na1, [](range_item_ptr_t x_ptr) { std::cout << *x_ptr << std::endl; });

        {
            auto xscope_bfnv1 = mse::make_xscope_borrowing_fixed_nii_vector(&xscope_nv1);
            mse::xscope_range_for_each_ptr(&xscope_bfnv1, [](const auto x_ptr) { std::cout << *x_ptr << std::endl; });
        }
        {
            /* Note that for performance (and safety) reasons, vectors may be "structure locked" for the duration of the loop.
            That is, any attempt to modify the size of the vector during the loop may result in an exception. */
            auto xscope_nv1_begin_iter = mse::make_xscope_begin_iterator(&xscope_nv1);
            auto xscope_nv1_end_iter = mse::make_xscope_end_iterator(&xscope_nv1);
            mse::for_each_ptr(xscope_nv1_begin_iter, xscope_nv1_end_iter, [](const auto x_ptr) { std::cout << *x_ptr << std::endl; });
            mse::xscope_range_for_each_ptr(&xscope_nv1, [](const auto x_ptr) { std::cout << *x_ptr << std::endl; });
        }
        {
            /* A vector protected by an "excluse writer" access control wrapper is ensured to remain unmodified while a
            corresponding "access controlled const pointer" exists. */
            auto xscope_ewnv1_cptr = mse::make_xscope_access_controlled_const_pointer(&xscope_ewnv1);
            /* So looping over its elements is safe and efficient. */
            mse::xscope_range_for_each_ptr(xscope_ewnv1_cptr, [](const auto x_ptr) { std::cout << *x_ptr << std::endl; });
        }
    }
}

#include "msescope.h"
#include "msealgorithm.h"
#include "msemstdarray.h"
    
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {

    mse::TXScopeObj<mse::nii_array<int, 3> > xscope_na1 = mse::nii_array<int, 3>{ 1, 2, 3 };
    auto xscope_na1_begin_citer = mse::make_xscope_begin_const_iterator(&xscope_na1);
    auto xscope_na1_end_citer = mse::make_xscope_end_const_iterator(&xscope_na1);

    mse::mstd::array<int, 3> ma1{ 1, 2, 3 };

    {
        typedef mse::find_if_ptr_type<decltype(xscope_na1_begin_citer)> item_ptr_t;
        auto found_citer1 = mse::find_if_ptr(xscope_na1_begin_citer, xscope_na1_end_citer, [](item_ptr_t x_ptr) { return 2 == *x_ptr; });
        auto res1 = *found_citer1;

        auto found_citer3 = mse::find_if_ptr(ma1.cbegin(), ma1.cend(), [](auto x_ptr) { return 2 == *x_ptr; });

        /* This version returns an optional scope pointer to the found item rather than an iterator. */
        typedef mse::xscope_range_get_ref_if_ptr_type<decltype(&xscope_na1)> range_item_ptr_t;
        auto xscope_optional_xscpptr4 = mse::xscope_range_get_ref_if_ptr(&xscope_na1, [](range_item_ptr_t x_ptr) { return 2 == *x_ptr; });
        auto res4 = xscope_optional_xscpptr4.value();

        /* This version returns a scope pointer to the found item or throws an exception if an appropriate item isn't
        found. */
        auto xscope_pointer5 = mse::xscope_range_get_ref_to_element_known_to_be_present_ptr(&xscope_na1, [](auto x_ptr) { return 2 == *x_ptr; });
        auto res5 = *xscope_pointer5;
    }
}

#include "msescope.h"
#include "msemstdstring.h"
#include "msethreadlocal.h"
#include <iostream>

MSE_DECLARE_THREAD_LOCAL_GLOBAL(mse::mstd::string) tlg_string1 = "some text";

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
    {
        auto tlg_ptr1 = &tlg_string1;
        auto xs_tlg_store1 = mse::make_xscope_strong_pointer_store(tlg_ptr1);
        auto xs_ptr1 = xs_tlg_store1.xscope_ptr();
        *xs_ptr1  = "...";
        std::cout << *xs_ptr1 << std::endl;

        MSE_DECLARE_THREAD_LOCAL_CONST(mse::mstd::string) tlc_string2 = "abc";
        auto tlc_ptr2 = &tlc_string2;
        auto xs_tlc_store2 = mse::make_xscope_strong_pointer_store(tlc_ptr2);
        auto xs_cptr2 = xs_tlc_store2.xscope_ptr();
        std::cout << *xs_cptr2 << std::endl;

        class CA {
        public:
            auto foo1() const {
                MSE_DECLARE_THREAD_LOCAL(mse::mstd::string) tl_string = "abc";
                /* mse::return_value() just returns its argument and ensures that it's of a (pointer) type that's safe to return. */
                return mse::return_value(&tl_string);
            }
        };
        auto tl_ptr3 = CA().foo1();
        auto xs_tl_store3 = mse::make_xscope_strong_pointer_store(tl_ptr3);
        auto xs_cptr3 = xs_tl_store3.xscope_ptr();
        *xs_cptr3  = "def";
        std::cout << *xs_cptr3 << std::endl;
    }

}