BrowserFS is an in-browser file system that emulates the Node JS file system API and supports storing and retrieving files from various backends. BrowserFS also integrates nicely into the Emscripten file system.

BrowserFS is highly extensible, and ships with many filesystem backends:

• HTTPRequest: Downloads files on-demand from a webserver via XMLHttpRequest or fetch.
• LocalStorage: Stores files in the browser's localStorage.
• HTML5FS: Stores files into the HTML5 FileSystem API.
• IndexedDB: Stores files into the browser's IndexedDB object database.
• Dropbox: Stores files into the user's Dropbox account.
  • Note: You provide this filesystem with an authenticated DropboxJS V2 JS SDK client.
• InMemory: Stores files in-memory. Thus, it is a temporary file store that clears when the user navigates away.
• ZipFS: Read-only zip file-backed FS. Lazily decompresses files as you access them.
  • Supports DEFLATE out-of-the-box.
  • Have super old zip files? The browserfs-zipfs-extras package adds support for EXPLODE, UNREDUCE, and UNSHRINK.
• IsoFS: Mount an .iso file into the file system.
  • Supports Microsoft Joliet and Rock Ridge extensions to the ISO9660 standard.
• WorkerFS: Lets you mount the BrowserFS file system configured in the main thread in a WebWorker, or the other way around!
• MountableFileSystem: Lets you mount multiple file systems into a single directory hierarchy, as in *nix-based OSes.
• OverlayFS: Mount a read-only file system as read-write by overlaying a writable file system on top of it. Like Docker's overlayfs, it will only write changed files to the writable file system.
• AsyncMirror: Use an asynchronous backend synchronously. Invaluable for Emscripten; let your Emscripten applications write to larger file stores with no additional effort!
  • Note: Loads the entire contents of the file system into a synchronous backend during construction. Performs synchronous operations in-memory, and enqueues them to be mirrored onto the asynchronous backend.
• FolderAdapter: Wraps a file system, and scopes all interactions to a subfolder of that file system.
• Emscripten: Lets you mount Emscripten file systems inside BrowserFS.

More backends can be defined by separate libraries, so long as they extend the BaseFileSystem class. Multiple backends can be active at once at different locations in the directory hierarchy.

For more information, see the API documentation for BrowserFS.

Prerequisites:

• Node and NPM
• Run yarn install (or npm install) to install local dependencies and build BrowserFS

A minified build can be found in dist/browserfs.min.js, and the unminified build can be found in dist/browserfs.js.

Custom builds:

If you want to build BrowserFS with a subset of the available backends, change src/core/backends.ts to include only the backends you require, and re-build.

Using BrowserFS.configure(), you can easily configure BrowserFS to use a variety of file system types.

Here's a simple usage example using the LocalStorage-backed file system:

<script type="text/javascript" src="browserfs.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
  // Installs globals onto window:
  // * Buffer
  // * require (monkey-patches if already defined)
  // * process
  // You can pass in an arbitrary object if you do not wish to pollute
  // the global namespace.
  BrowserFS.install(window);
  // Configures BrowserFS to use the LocalStorage file system.
  BrowserFS.configure({
    fs: "LocalStorage"
  }, function(e) {
    if (e) {
      // An error happened!
      throw e;
    }
    // Otherwise, BrowserFS is ready-to-use!
  });
</script>

Now, you can write code like this:

var fs = require('fs');
fs.writeFile('/test.txt', 'Cool, I can do this in the browser!', function(err) {
  fs.readFile('/test.txt', function(err, contents) {
    console.log(contents.toString());
  });
});

The following code mounts a zip file to /zip, in-memory storage to /tmp, and IndexedDB browser-local storage to /home:

// Note: This is the new fetch API in the browser. You can use XHR too.
fetch('mydata.zip').then(function(response) {
  return response.arraybuffer();
}).then(function(zipData) {
  var Buffer = BrowserFS.BFSRequire('buffer').Buffer;

  BrowserFS.configure({
    fs: "MountableFileSystem",
    options: {
      "/zip": {
        fs: "ZipFS",
        options: {
          // Wrap as Buffer object.
          zipData: Buffer.from(zipData)
        }
      },
      "/tmp": { fs: "InMemory" },
      "/home": { fs: "IndexedDB" }
    }
  }, function(e) {
    if (e) {
      // An error occurred.
      throw e;
    }
    // Otherwise, BrowserFS is ready to use!
  });
});

BrowserFS is published as a UMD module, so you can either include it on your webpage in a script tag or bundle it with your favorite JavaScript module bundler.

You can also use BrowserFS to supply your application with fs, path, and buffer modules, as well as the Buffer and process globals. BrowserFS contains shim modules for fs, buffer, path, and process that you can use with Webpack and Browserify.

Webpack:

module.exports = {
  resolve: {
    // Use our versions of Node modules.
    alias: {
      'fs': 'browserfs/dist/shims/fs.js',
      'buffer': 'browserfs/dist/shims/buffer.js',
      'path': 'browserfs/dist/shims/path.js',
      'processGlobal': 'browserfs/dist/shims/process.js',
      'bufferGlobal': 'browserfs/dist/shims/bufferGlobal.js',
      'bfsGlobal': require.resolve('browserfs')
    }
  },
  // REQUIRED to avoid issue "Uncaught TypeError: BrowserFS.BFSRequire is not a function"
  // See: https://github.com/jvilk/BrowserFS/issues/201
  module: {
    noParse: /browserfs\.js/
  },
  plugins: [
    // Expose BrowserFS, process, and Buffer globals.
    // NOTE: If you intend to use BrowserFS in a script tag, you do not need
    // to expose a BrowserFS global.
    new webpack.ProvidePlugin({ BrowserFS: 'bfsGlobal', process: 'processGlobal', Buffer: 'bufferGlobal' })
  ],
  // DISABLE Webpack's built-in process and Buffer polyfills!
  node: {
    process: false,
    Buffer: false
  }
};

Browserify:

var browserfsPath = require.resolve('browserfs');
var browserifyConfig = {
  // Override Browserify's builtins for buffer/fs/path.
  builtins: Object.assign({}, require('browserify/lib/builtins'), {
    "buffer": require.resolve('browserfs/dist/shims/buffer.js'),
    "fs": require.resolve("browserfs/dist/shims/fs.js"),
    "path": require.resolve("browserfs/dist/shims/path.js")
  }),
  insertGlobalVars: {
    // process, Buffer, and BrowserFS globals.
    // BrowserFS global is not required if you include browserfs.js
    // in a script tag.
    "process": function () { return "require('browserfs/dist/shims/process.js')" },
    'Buffer': function () { return "require('buffer').Buffer" },
    "BrowserFS": function() { return "require('"   browserfsPath   "')" }
  }
};

You can use BrowserFS with Node. Simply add browserfs as an NPM dependency, and require('browserfs'). The object returned from this action is the same BrowserFS global described above.

If you need BrowserFS to return Node Buffer objects (instead of objects that implement the same interface), simply require('browserfs/dist/node/index') instead.

You can use any synchronous BrowserFS file systems with Emscripten! Persist particular folders in the Emscripten file system to localStorage, or enable Emscripten to synchronously download files from another folder as they are requested.

Include browserfs.min.js into the page, and configure BrowserFS prior to running your Emscripten code. Then, add code similar to the following to your Module's preRun array:

/**
 * Mounts a localStorage-backed file system into the /data folder of Emscripten's file system.
 */
function setupBFS() {
  // Grab the BrowserFS Emscripten FS plugin.
  var BFS = new BrowserFS.EmscriptenFS();
  // Create the folder that we'll turn into a mount point.
  FS.createFolder(FS.root, 'data', true, true);
  // Mount BFS's root folder into the '/data' folder.
  FS.mount(BFS, {root: '/'}, '/data');
}

Note: Do NOT use BrowserFS.install(window) on a page with an Emscripten application! Emscripten will be tricked into thinking that it is running in Node JS.

If you wish to use an asynchronous BrowserFS backend with Emscripten (e.g. Dropbox), you'll need to wrap it into an AsyncMirror file system first:

/**
 * Run this prior to starting your Emscripten module.
 * @param dropboxClient An authenticated DropboxJS client.
 */
function asyncSetup(dropboxClient, cb) {
  // This wraps Dropbox in the AsyncMirror file system.
  // BrowserFS will download all of Dropbox into an
  // InMemory file system, and mirror operations to
  // the two to keep them in sync.
  BrowserFS.configure({
    fs: "AsyncMirror",
    options: {
      sync: {
        fs: "InMemory"
      },
      async: {
        fs: "Dropbox",
        options: {
          client: dropboxClient
        }
      }
    }
  }, cb);
}
function setupBFS() {
  // Grab the BrowserFS Emscripten FS plugin.
  var BFS = new BrowserFS.EmscriptenFS();
  // Create the folder that we'll turn into a mount point.
  FS.createFolder(FS.root, 'data', true, true);
  // Mount BFS's root folder into the '/data' folder.
  FS.mount(BFS, {root: '/'}, '/data');
}

To run unit tests, simply run npm test.

BrowserFS is a component of the Doppio and Browsix research projects from the PLASMA lab at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. If you decide to use BrowserFS in a project that leads to a publication, please cite the academic papers on Doppio and Browsix:

John Vilk and Emery D. Berger. Doppio: Breaking the Browser Language Barrier. In Proceedings of the 35th ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation (2014), pp. 508–518.

@inproceedings{VilkDoppio,
  author    = {John Vilk and
               Emery D. Berger},
  title     = {{Doppio: Breaking the Browser Language Barrier}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 35th {ACM} {SIGPLAN} Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation},
  pages     = {508--518},
  year      = {2014},
  url       = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2863291.2863293},
  doi       = {10.1145/2863291.2863293}
}

Bobby Powers, John Vilk, and Emery D. Berger. Browsix: Bridging the Gap Between Unix and the Browser. In Proceedings of the Twenty-Second International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems (2017), pp. 253–266.

@inproceedings{PowersBrowsix,
  author    = {Bobby Powers and
               John Vilk and
               Emery D. Berger},
  title     = {{Browsix: Bridging the Gap Between Unix and the Browser}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twenty-Second International Conference on Architectural
               Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems},
  pages     = {253--266},
  year      = {2017},
  url       = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/3037697.3037727},
  doi       = {10.1145/3037697.3037727}
}

BrowserFS is licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE for details.