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""" | ||
Augmentations for SimPer (and other SSL methods). | ||
""" | ||
import tensorflow as tf | ||
import tensorflow_probability as tfp | ||
from typing import Optional, Tuple | ||
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def random_apply(func, p, x): | ||
return tf.cond( | ||
tf.less(tf.random.uniform([], minval=0, maxval=1, dtype=tf.float32), | ||
tf.cast(p, tf.float32)), | ||
lambda: func(x), | ||
lambda: x) | ||
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def resize_and_rescale(x, y, img_size): | ||
x = tf.cast(x, tf.float32) | ||
x = tf.image.resize(x, [img_size, img_size]) | ||
return x, y | ||
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def _sample_or_pad_sequence_indices(sequence: tf.Tensor, num_steps: int, | ||
stride: int, | ||
offset: tf.Tensor) -> tf.Tensor: | ||
sequence_length = tf.shape(sequence)[0] | ||
sel_idx = tf.range(sequence_length) | ||
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max_length = num_steps * stride offset | ||
num_repeats = tf.math.floordiv(max_length sequence_length - 1, | ||
sequence_length) | ||
sel_idx = tf.tile(sel_idx, [num_repeats]) | ||
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steps = tf.range(offset, offset num_steps * stride, stride) | ||
return tf.gather(sel_idx, steps) | ||
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def sample_sequence(sequence: tf.Tensor, | ||
num_steps: int, | ||
random: bool = True, | ||
stride: int = 1, | ||
seed: Optional[int] = None) -> tf.Tensor: | ||
sequence_length = tf.shape(sequence)[0] | ||
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if random: | ||
sequence_length = tf.cast(sequence_length, tf.float32) | ||
frame_stride = tf.cast(stride, tf.float32) | ||
max_offset = tf.cond( | ||
sequence_length > (num_steps - 1) * frame_stride, | ||
lambda: sequence_length - (num_steps - 1) * frame_stride, | ||
lambda: sequence_length) | ||
offset = tf.random.uniform((), | ||
maxval=tf.cast(max_offset, dtype=tf.int32), | ||
dtype=tf.int32, | ||
seed=seed) | ||
else: | ||
raise NotImplementedError(f"Only `random == True` is supported now.") | ||
offset = (sequence_length - num_steps * stride) // 2 | ||
offset = tf.maximum(0, offset) | ||
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indices = _sample_or_pad_sequence_indices( | ||
sequence=sequence, num_steps=num_steps, stride=stride, offset=offset) | ||
indices.set_shape((num_steps,)) | ||
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return tf.gather(sequence, indices) | ||
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def random_crop_resize(frames: tf.Tensor, | ||
output_h: int, | ||
output_w: int, | ||
aspect_ratio: Tuple[float, float] = (0.75, 1.33), | ||
area_range: Tuple[float, float] = (0.5, 1)) -> tf.Tensor: | ||
shape = tf.shape(frames) | ||
seq_len, _, _, channels = shape[0], shape[1], shape[2], shape[3] | ||
bbox = tf.constant([0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0], dtype=tf.float32, shape=[1, 1, 4]) | ||
factor = output_w / output_h | ||
aspect_ratio = (aspect_ratio[0] * factor, aspect_ratio[1] * factor) | ||
sample_distorted_bbox = tf.image.sample_distorted_bounding_box( | ||
shape[1:], | ||
bounding_boxes=bbox, | ||
min_object_covered=0.1, | ||
aspect_ratio_range=aspect_ratio, | ||
area_range=area_range, | ||
max_attempts=100, | ||
use_image_if_no_bounding_boxes=True) | ||
bbox_begin, bbox_size, _ = sample_distorted_bbox | ||
offset_y, offset_x, _ = tf.unstack(bbox_begin) | ||
target_height, target_width, _ = tf.unstack(bbox_size) | ||
size = tf.convert_to_tensor((seq_len, target_height, target_width, channels)) | ||
offset = tf.convert_to_tensor((0, offset_y, offset_x, 0)) | ||
frames = tf.slice(frames, offset, size) | ||
frames = tf.cast(tf.image.resize(frames, (output_h, output_w)), frames.dtype) | ||
return frames | ||
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def gaussian_blur(image, kernel_size, sigma, padding='SAME'): | ||
radius = tf.cast(kernel_size / 2, dtype=tf.int32) | ||
kernel_size = radius * 2 1 | ||
x = tf.cast(tf.range(-radius, radius 1), dtype=tf.float32) | ||
blur_filter = tf.exp( | ||
-tf.pow(x, 2.0) / (2.0 * tf.pow(tf.cast(sigma, dtype=tf.float32), 2.0))) | ||
blur_filter /= tf.reduce_sum(blur_filter) | ||
# One vertical and one horizontal filter. | ||
blur_v = tf.reshape(blur_filter, [kernel_size, 1, 1, 1]) | ||
blur_h = tf.reshape(blur_filter, [1, kernel_size, 1, 1]) | ||
num_channels = tf.shape(image)[-1] | ||
blur_h = tf.tile(blur_h, [1, 1, num_channels, 1]) | ||
blur_v = tf.tile(blur_v, [1, 1, num_channels, 1]) | ||
expand_batch_dim = image.shape.ndims == 3 | ||
if expand_batch_dim: | ||
image = tf.expand_dims(image, axis=0) | ||
blurred = tf.nn.depthwise_conv2d( | ||
image, blur_h, strides=[1, 1, 1, 1], padding=padding) | ||
blurred = tf.nn.depthwise_conv2d( | ||
blurred, blur_v, strides=[1, 1, 1, 1], padding=padding) | ||
if expand_batch_dim: | ||
blurred = tf.squeeze(blurred, axis=0) | ||
return blurred | ||
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def random_blur(image, height, p=0.2): | ||
def _transform(image): | ||
sigma = tf.random.uniform([], 0.1, 2.0, dtype=tf.float32) | ||
return gaussian_blur( | ||
image, kernel_size=height // 20, sigma=sigma, padding='SAME') | ||
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return random_apply(_transform, p=p, x=image) | ||
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def random_flip_left_right(frames: tf.Tensor, seed: Optional[int] = None) -> tf.Tensor: | ||
is_flipped = tf.random.uniform((), minval=0, maxval=2, dtype=tf.int32, seed=seed) | ||
frames = tf.cond( | ||
tf.equal(is_flipped, 1), | ||
true_fn=lambda: tf.image.flip_left_right(frames), | ||
false_fn=lambda: frames) | ||
return frames | ||
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def random_flip_up_down(frames: tf.Tensor, seed: Optional[int] = None) -> tf.Tensor: | ||
is_flipped = tf.random.uniform((), minval=0, maxval=2, dtype=tf.int32, seed=seed) | ||
frames = tf.cond( | ||
tf.equal(is_flipped, 1), | ||
true_fn=lambda: tf.image.flip_up_down(frames), | ||
false_fn=lambda: frames) | ||
return frames | ||
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def random_rotation(frames: tf.Tensor, seed: Optional[int] = None) -> tf.Tensor: | ||
is_flipped = tf.random.uniform((), minval=0, maxval=2, dtype=tf.int32, seed=seed) | ||
frames = tf.cond( | ||
tf.equal(is_flipped, 1), | ||
true_fn=lambda: tf.image.rot90(frames), | ||
false_fn=lambda: frames) | ||
return frames | ||
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def to_grayscale(image, keep_channels=True): | ||
image = tf.image.rgb_to_grayscale(image) | ||
if keep_channels: | ||
image = tf.tile(image, [1, 1, 3]) | ||
return image | ||
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def random_grayscale_3d(frames, p=0.2): | ||
num_frames, width, height, channels = frames.shape.as_list() | ||
big_image = tf.reshape(frames, [num_frames * width, height, channels]) | ||
big_image = random_apply(to_grayscale, p=p, x=big_image) | ||
return tf.reshape(big_image, [num_frames, width, height, channels]) | ||
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def random_brightness(image, max_delta=0.3): | ||
factor = tf.random.uniform( | ||
[], tf.maximum(1.0 - max_delta, 0), 1.0 max_delta) | ||
image = image * factor | ||
return image | ||
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def random_reverse(frames: tf.Tensor, seed: Optional[int] = None) -> tf.Tensor: | ||
is_flipped = tf.random.uniform((), minval=0, maxval=2, dtype=tf.int32, seed=seed) | ||
frames = tf.cond( | ||
tf.equal(is_flipped, 1), | ||
true_fn=lambda: tf.experimental.numpy.flip(frames, axis=0), | ||
false_fn=lambda: frames) | ||
return frames | ||
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# Arbitrary speed / frequency augmentation for SimPer | ||
def arbitrary_speed_subsample(frames_speed, | ||
num_steps: int, | ||
random: bool, | ||
img_size: int, | ||
channels: int = 3, | ||
stride: int = 1, | ||
seed: Optional[int] = None) -> tf.Tensor: | ||
frames, speed = frames_speed | ||
frame_len = tf.cast(tf.shape(frames)[0], tf.float32) | ||
max_frame_len = tf.math.floordiv(frame_len, speed) if speed > 1 else frame_len | ||
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x_ref = tf.range(0, speed * (len(frames) - 0.5), speed, dtype=tf.float32) | ||
x_ref = tf.stack([x_ref] * (img_size * img_size * channels)) | ||
new_frames = tfp.math.batch_interp_regular_1d_grid( | ||
x=x_ref, | ||
x_ref_min=[0] * (img_size * img_size * channels), | ||
x_ref_max=[len(frames)] * (img_size * img_size * channels), | ||
y_ref=tf.transpose(tf.reshape(frames, [len(frames), -1])) | ||
) | ||
sequence = tf.reshape( | ||
tf.transpose(new_frames), frames.shape.as_list() | ||
)[:tf.cast(max_frame_len, tf.int32)] | ||
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sequence_length = tf.shape(sequence)[0] | ||
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if random: | ||
sequence_length = tf.cast(sequence_length, tf.float32) | ||
frame_stride = tf.cast(stride, tf.float32) | ||
max_offset = tf.cond( | ||
sequence_length > (num_steps - 1) * frame_stride, | ||
lambda: sequence_length - (num_steps - 1) * frame_stride, | ||
lambda: sequence_length) | ||
offset = tf.random.uniform((), | ||
maxval=tf.cast(max_offset, dtype=tf.int32), | ||
dtype=tf.int32, | ||
seed=seed) | ||
else: | ||
raise NotImplementedError(f"Only `random == True` is supported now.") | ||
offset = (sequence_length - num_steps * stride) // 2 | ||
offset = tf.maximum(0, offset) | ||
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indices = _sample_or_pad_sequence_indices( | ||
sequence=sequence, num_steps=num_steps, stride=stride, offset=offset) | ||
indices.set_shape((num_steps,)) | ||
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return tf.gather(sequence, indices) | ||
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# (batched) Arbitrary speed / frequency augmentation for SimPer | ||
def batched_arbitrary_speed(frames, num_diff_speeds, speed_range=(0.5, 2)): | ||
random_speeds = tf.random.uniform([num_diff_speeds], | ||
minval=speed_range[0], | ||
maxval=speed_range[1], | ||
dtype=tf.float32) | ||
random_speeds = tf.sort(random_speeds) | ||
random_speeds = tf.concat([random_speeds, random_speeds], 0) | ||
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# construct (2 * M) sub-video batch for SimPer loss | ||
batched_frames = tf.stack([frames] * num_diff_speeds * 2) | ||
batched_frames = tf.map_fn( | ||
arbitrary_speed_subsample, (batched_frames, random_speeds), | ||
fn_output_signature=tf.float32) | ||
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return batched_frames, random_speeds |
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""" | ||
Example network architectures: | ||
- Featurizer (for representation learning) | ||
- Classifier (for downstream tasks) | ||
""" | ||
import tensorflow as tf | ||
from tensorflow.keras.layers import (Conv2D, Conv3D, Dense, Flatten, BatchNormalization, | ||
TimeDistributed, MaxPool2D, GlobalAveragePooling2D) | ||
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class Featurizer(tf.keras.Model): | ||
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def __init__(self, n_outputs): | ||
super(Featurizer, self).__init__() | ||
self.conv0 = Conv3D(64, (5, 3, 3), padding='same') | ||
self.conv1 = Conv3D(128, (5, 3, 3), padding='same') | ||
self.conv2 = Conv3D(128, (5, 3, 3), padding='same') | ||
self.conv3 = Conv3D(1, (1, 1, 1)) | ||
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self.bn0 = BatchNormalization() | ||
self.bn1 = BatchNormalization() | ||
self.bn2 = BatchNormalization() | ||
self.bn3 = BatchNormalization() | ||
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self.pool0 = TimeDistributed(MaxPool2D((2, 2))) | ||
self.pool1 = TimeDistributed(MaxPool2D((2, 2))) | ||
self.pool2 = TimeDistributed(MaxPool2D((2, 2))) | ||
self.pool3 = TimeDistributed(GlobalAveragePooling2D()) | ||
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self.flatten = Flatten() | ||
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self.n_outputs = n_outputs | ||
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def call(self, x): | ||
x = self.conv0(x) | ||
x = self.bn0(x) | ||
x = tf.nn.relu(x) | ||
x = self.pool0(x) | ||
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x = self.conv1(x) | ||
x = self.bn1(x) | ||
x = tf.nn.relu(x) | ||
x = self.pool1(x) | ||
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# x = self.conv2(x) | ||
# x = self.bn2(x) | ||
# x = tf.nn.relu(x) | ||
# x = self.pool2(x) | ||
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x = self.conv3(x) | ||
x = self.bn3(x) | ||
x = tf.nn.relu(x) | ||
x = self.pool3(x) | ||
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x = self.flatten(x) | ||
return x | ||
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class MLP(tf.keras.Model): | ||
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def __init__(self, n_outputs): | ||
super(MLP, self).__init__() | ||
self.inputs = Dense(n_outputs) | ||
self.hidden = Dense(n_outputs) | ||
self.outputs = Dense(n_outputs) | ||
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def call(self, x): | ||
x = self.inputs(x) | ||
x = tf.nn.relu(x) | ||
# x = self.hidden(x) | ||
# x = tf.nn.relu(x) | ||
x = self.outputs(x) | ||
return x | ||
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def Classifier(in_features, out_features, nonlinear=False): | ||
if nonlinear: | ||
return tf.keras.Sequential( | ||
[Dense(in_features // 2, activation=tf.nn.relu), | ||
Dense(in_features // 4, activation=tf.nn.relu), | ||
Dense(out_features)]) | ||
else: | ||
return Dense(out_features) |
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