Automotive Radar Object Recognition in the Bird-eye View Using Range-Velocity-Angle (RVA) Heatmap Sequences
RAMP-CNN: A Novel Neural Network for Enhanced Automotive Radar Object Recognition,
Xiangyu Gao, Guanbin Xing, Sumit Roy, and Hui Liu arXiv technical report (arXiv 2011.08981)
@ARTICLE{9249018, author={Gao, Xiangyu and Xing, Guanbin and Roy, Sumit and Liu, Hui},
journal={IEEE Sensors Journal},
title={RAMP-CNN: A Novel Neural Network for Enhanced Automotive Radar Object Recognition},
year={2021}, volume={21}, number={4}, pages={5119-5132}, doi={10.1109/JSEN.2020.3036047}}
(Sep. 12, 2023) We updated the instruction for converting the radar ADC data from UWCR dataset to the training/testing data format used in this repo.
(June 17, 2022) The input data for slice3d.py script has been changed to the raw ADC data now slice_sample_data.
(June 2, 2023) We provided an instruction for converting the annotations from UWCR dataset format to our format in convert_annotations.py.
Millimeter-wave radars are being increasingly integrated into commercial vehicles to support new advanced driver-assistance systems by enabling robust and high-performance object detection, localization, as well as recognition - a key component of new environmental perception. In this paper, we propose a novel radar multiple-perspectives convolutional neural network (RAMP-CNN) that extracts the location and class of objects based on further processing of the range-velocity-angle (RVA) heatmap sequences. To bypass the complexity of 4D convolutional neural networks, we propose to combine several lower-dimension NN models within our RAMP-CNN model that nonetheless approach the performance upper bound with lower complexity. The extensive experiments show that the proposed RAMP-CNN model achieves better average recall and average precision than prior works in all testing scenarios. Besides, the RAMP-CNN model is validated to work robustly under the nighttime, which enables low-cost radars as a potential substitute for pure optical sensing under severe conditions.
All radar configurations and algorithm configurations are included in config.
Python 3.6, pytorch-1.5.1 (please refer to INSTALL to set up libraries.)
Linux system (Preferred). If using Windows, please update the Linux-format paths in scripts, e.g., '/' -> '\'.
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From the below Google Drive link
https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1TGW6BHi5EZsSCtTsJuwYIQVaIWjl8CLY?usp=sharing -
Decompress the downloaded files and relocate them as the following directory manners:
'./template_files/slice_sample_data' './template_files/train_test_data' './results/C3D-20200904-001923'
For convenience, in the sample codes, we use the raw ADC data of each frame as input and perform the Range, Velocity, and Angle FFT during the process of slicing. Run the following codes for 3D slicing.
python slice3d.py
The slicing results are the RA slices, RV slices, and VA slices as shown in the below figure.
- Prepare the input data (RA, RV, and VA slices) and ground truth confidence map for training and testing. Note that the provided training and testing data is in the post-3D slicing format, so you can skip the last step if you use the provided data here:
python prepare_data.py -m train -dd './data/' python prepare_data.py -m test -dd './data/' - Run training:
You will get training outputs as follows:
python train_dop.py -m C3DNo data augmentation Number of sequences to train: 1 Training files length: 111 Window size: 16 Number of epoches: 100 Batch size: 3 Number of iterations in each epoch: 37 Cyclic learning rate epoch 1, iter 1: loss: 8441.85839844 | load time: 0.0571 | backward time: 3.1147 epoch 1, iter 2: loss: 8551.98437500 | load time: 0.0509 | backward time: 2.9038 epoch 1, iter 3: loss: 8019.63525391 | load time: 0.0531 | backward time: 2.9171 epoch 1, iter 4: loss: 8376.16015625 | load time: 0.0518 | backward time: 2.9146 ... - Run testing:
You will get testing outputs as follows:
python test.py -m C3D -md C3D-20200904-001923rodnet_21_0000087601_000001.pkl ['2019_05_28_pm2s012'] 2019_05_28_pm2s012 Length of testing data: 111 loading time: 0.02 finished ra normalization finished v normalization Testing 2019_05_28_pm2s012/000000-000016... (0) 2019_05_28_pm2s012/0000000000.jpg inference finished in 0.6613 seconds. processing time: 3.69 loading time: 0.02 finished ra normalization finished v normalization Testing 2019_05_28_pm2s012/000008-000024... (0) 2019_05_28_pm2s012/0000000008.jpg inference finished in 0.5039 seconds. ... - Run evaluation:
You will get evaluation outputs as follows:
python evaluate.py -md C3D-20200904-001923true seq ./results/C3D-20200904-001923/2019_05_28_pm2s012/rod_res.txt Average Precision (AP) @[ OLS=0.50:0.90 ] = 0.9126 Average Recall (AR) @[ OLS=0.50:0.90 ] = 0.9653 pedestrian: 1913 dets, 1792 gts Average Precision (AP) @[ OLS=0.50:0.90 ] = 0.9126 Average Precision (AP) @[ OLS=0.50 ] = 0.9713 Average Precision (AP) @[ OLS=0.60 ] = 0.9713 Average Precision (AP) @[ OLS=0.70 ] = 0.9489 Average Precision (AP) @[ OLS=0.80 ] = 0.9062 Average Precision (AP) @[ OLS=0.90 ] = 0.7053 Average Recall (AR) @[ OLS=0.50:0.90 ] = 0.9653 Average Recall (AR) @[ OLS=0.50 ] = 0.9994 Average Recall (AR) @[ OLS=0.75 ] = 0.9821 ...
Run the below codes to check the results of 3 proposed data augmentation algorithms: flip, range-translation, and angle-translation.
python data_aug.py
The below figure shows the performance of doing 10-bin range-translation (move upword), 25-degree angle-translation (move rightword), and angle flip on original RA images. You may use these codes to develop your radar data augmentation and even generate new data.
If you want to explore more radar raw data in the UWCR dataset, it is necessary to make the data/annotation format conversion since the sample data and labels used this repository have different structures from that in the UWCR dataset.
Please refer to the instruction UseUWCR for the annotation format conversion and training/testing data conversion.
RAMP-CNN is released under an MIT license (see LICENSE).
This project is not possible without multiple great open-source codebases and datasets. We list some notable examples below.