Käyttäjä:Oltoy/Hiekkalaatikko Heijastin turva-asut

Fluorisoiva turvaliivi varustettuna näkyvillä heijastimilla

Heijastavat turva-asut, kuuluvat henkilökohtaisiin turvavarusteisiin. Heijastava asu varoittaa tehokkaasti pimeällä. Kankaissa käytetyt fluoresoivat värit, kuten keltainen tai oranssi pohjaväri eroittuvat mistä tahansa taustasta tehokkaasti päiväaikaan.

Käyttäjät

Heijastavat asut soveltuvat useille käyttäjäryhmille

• Ihmiset joiden näkyvyys työn vuoksi tarvitsee näkyvyyttä. Useimmissa ammateissa työskennellään pimeässä, märissä olosuhteissa, hätä tilanteissa tai paikoissa joissa on paljon työkoneita tai liikennettä. Tällöin näkyvyys on tärkeää.
• Vapaa-ajan käytössä kyseiset asusteet parantavat turvallisuutta kuten; pyöräilijät, mottoripyöräilijät, metsästäjät ja vaeltajat.
• The attention-gaining nature of high-visibility clothing has also led to its occasional use as a fashion statement.
• Useissa maissa laki velvoittaa käyttämään turvaliivejä jos poistutaan ajoneuvosta moottoritiellä.
• Palomiehillä, poliiseilla ja pelastusviranomaisilla turva heijastimet on asennettu suoraan heidän käyttämäänsä kenttäpalvelus asuun. Asu sisältää muitakin suojaavia ominaisuuksia näistä aloista riippuen.
• Useimmilla raskaan ajoneuvojen kaluston parissa työskentelevillä tämä ominaisuus on liitetty heidän palvelus asuunsa.

Application for rail workers in the UK

Experimental use of high-visibility clothing began in 1964 on the Scottish Region. Fluorescent orange jackets, known as "fire-flies", were issued to track workers on the Pollokshields to Malline:Stnlnk electrified section in Glasgow; they were later tried in other areas, such as Edinburgh, Aberdeen and Inverness. Train drivers operating in these areas were asked their opinion as to the effectiveness of the jackets. Following trials, high-visibility clothing was issued to engineering and other staff working on the electrified lines of BR's London Midland Region in 1965. It was thought to be more important due to the higher speeds of the newly electrified WCML route from Euston to Manchester, Liverpool and Birmingham. The first version was worn as a jerkin and was "visible at ... half a mile in normal weather conditions." In the UK, it is a requirement of Network Rail that all personnel working on or around the track wear high-visibility clothing (or HV gear as it is known). The rate of deaths and injuries on the rail network has been reduced considerably since the early 1970s when high-visibility clothing and the acceptance of the need for it became common. HV Clothing then was very low tech, usually just a simple yellow or orange tabbard (similar to those worn in netball).

Since then, features of HV clothing such as the EN510 quick release standard and the EN471 High Visibility standard, have improved the effectiveness and contributed to improved safety for rail workers.

High-visibility elements have been incorporated into many styles of jacket and other items. These can include:

• Wet weather coats (both breathable and non breathable)
• Over trousers (both breathable and non breathable)
• Rucksacks
• Laptop bags
• Carry bags
• Shopping bags
• T-Shirts and Polo Shirts
• Waist coats (both with the EN510 standard and without, as well as flame retardant types)
• Body warmers
• Fleeces
• Sweatshirts
• Bomber jackets (both breathable and non breathable)
• Boilersuits (both fire retardant and non)
• Salopets

Many of the garments listed also come with Gore-Tex fabrics.

Turva-asuissa on yleensä myös silkki painettu tai brodeerattu tekstiä, henkilön nimi tai logo.

Gallery

• High-visibility clothing examples
• 
  Palomiesten turvaasuissa käytetty näkyvä heijastin
• 
  Heijastava materiaali normaali mikroskoopilla kuvattuna, suurennus 3.5 x
• 
  Heijastava materiaali normaali mikroskoopilla kuvattuna, suurennus8 x
• 
  Heijastava materiaali normaali mikroskoopilla kuvattuna, suurennus 20 x
• 
  Heijastava materiaali elekrtoni mikroskoopilla kuvattuna, suurennus 15 x
• 
  Heijastava materiaali elekrtoni mikroskoopilla kuvattuna, suurennus 200 x
• 
  Repun heijastava osa toimii päivällä, myös varjoisessa tilassa
• 
  Kaksi päivänvalossa otettua kuvaa. Vaate varjossa ja kun valo osuu heijastinnauhoihin.

Effectiveness

While it seems intuitively obvious that high-visibility clothing should make its wearer easier for vehicle operators, hunters, etc., to see and avoid, there are surprisingly few studies to quantify the effectiveness of high-visibility clothing for particular classes of users.

Motorcyclists

Pääartikkeli: Motorcycle safety#Causes of accidents

The Hurt Report and a New Zealand study found that high-visibility clothing significantly reduced multiple vehicle accidents involving motorcycles.

Bicyclists

Traffic risks to the bicyclist are similar to those faced by motorcyclists (see Malline:Linktext), with the main differences being that bicycling speeds are typically lower, and the bicyclist wears less protective gear. Nonetheless, there seems to be even less research on the effectiveness of high-visibility clothing for the bicyclist than for the motorcyclist. However, a number of vendors market high-visibility clothing for bicyclists. From a good vantage point along a road or cycleway with a sight line of 1 km or more, one can watch bicyclists approaching during daylight, and see that those clad in high-visibility clothing become readily visible long before dull-clad bicyclists riding next to them ^lähde?. Research is needed to quantify the extent to which this plainly evident conspicuity advantage might translate into fewer bike/car collisions. Recent studies have shown that the most critical distance the driver actually needs to see those wearing the gear, is at the distance of 50 meters. From 1 km away, a bicyclist would be barely visible regardless of the visibility of his gear. The critical detection distance is the crucial point where a bicyclist must be detected, because that is the point where most drivers will focus their attention.

A 2009 Australian study found that fluorescent vests were not a significant improvement on black clothing at night, and that retro-reflective strips were more effective when attached to knees and ankles than on a more or less static jacket. Reference: Wood, J.M. et al. 2009. Drivers' and cyclists' experiences of sharing the road: Incidents, attitudes and perceptions of visibility. Accident Analysis & Prevention 41: 772-776. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2009.03.014.

Autoilijat

Suurimmassa osassa Euroopan maita laki edellyttää, että jokainen ajoneuvo on varustettu EU-standardin mukaisella heijastinliivillä. Päälle puettu liivi ehkäisee vaaratilanteita ajoneuvosta noustaessa.

Standards

Various ISO member bodies have published similar standards for high-visibility clothing to be worn as personal protective equipment.

ANSI/ISEA 107-1999

The American National Standards Institute published a standard for high-visibility clothing in 1999. The standard defines three classes of successively more-visible garments, to protect workers exposed to successively higher levels of risk from motor vehicles and heavy equipment.

ANSI/ISEA 107-1999 is a voluntary industry consensus standard; however, Occupational Safety regulations support its implementation by employers whose employees are at risk from motor traffic or heavy equipment.

ANSI/ISEA 107-2004

ANSI revised the standard in 2004.

ANSI/ISEA 207-2006

In 2006, ANSI released the 207-2006, or American National Standard for High-Visibility Public Safety Vests, in response to issues raised by public safety officials with respect to the ANSI 107 vest design. Their concerns were both tactical and influenced by a need to differentiate between law enforcement/emergency personnel and the vests worn by construction workers. The changes have different requirements for fluorescent background material, specifically allowing for a shorter design that allows equipment belt access. It also includes many optional features, such as a 5-point breakaway design for easy removal, panels readily identifying the wearer as an emergency responder, and radio and badge pockets/holders.

ANSI/ISEA 107-2010

January 8, 2010 marked the date for the new highly anticipated revision to the 107-2004 high-visibility Standard. The Standard is updated every 5 years and is now labeled ANSI/ISEA 107-2010.

The ANSI Standard specifies performance requirements for high-visibility safety apparel and headwear PPE. Performance requirements are included for color, retroreflection, and minimum areas, as well as the recommended configurations of the materials and design. The amount of background and reflective material remains unchanged for all 107 Classes. However, a class 1 or a class 2 garment must now have reflective material in the shoulder area. The objective of this change was to provide greater visibility when a worker is bending over, or at angles that could be potentially missed on a garment without “vertical” reflective material over the shoulders.

ANSI 107-2010 takes on a different approach and requires all FR (Flame Resistant) garments to fall within at least 1 of 7 ASTM or NFPA test methods. It includes a description of flame resistance criteria and intended application for the various test methods referenced. If a manufacturer wants to mark high-visibility apparel as being FR, the garment must meet one of the FR tests in the 107-2010 Standard and certify its conformance to the FR requirement. For specific test methods, a copy of the new 107-2010 Standard can be purchased directly from the ISEA.

EN 471:2003

Eurooppalainen Standardi heijastin turva-asuille. Standardi eroittaa turva-asut kolmeen ryhmään:

• Luokka 1 on alin turvaluokitus. Heijastin nauhat asennettu molempiin lahkeisiin. These become Class 3 when worn with a Class 3 jacket.
• Luokka 2 The class 2 defines an intermediary visibility level. Example: vests. Two 5 cm bands of reflective around body or on one 5 cm band around body and braces to both shoulders.
• Luokka 3 The class 3 defines the highest level of visibility. Example jacket with long sleeves, jacket and trouser suit. Two 5 cm bands of reflective tape around the body, arms and braces over both shoulders.

IHVCA

The International High Visibility Clothing Association found numerous flaws with the prevailing EN471:2003 and ANSI/ISEA 107-2010 standards. Published science and theory proves that the current specifications fail to show a consistency with the coefficient of retroreflection (RA) for Entrance Angles and Observation Angles in relation to the Critical Detection Distance. More stress is focused on the need for reflective tapes than the safety and well being of the end user. The issue is yet to be resolved.

89/686/EEC

A EU:n direktiivi heijastinturva-asuille.

CSA-Z96

The Canadian Standard for high-visibility clothing is similar to the EN 471 and ANSI 107 standards but allows for "bright colours" to be used in flame resistant applications and has specific design requirements including requirement to have an "X" style reflective trim on the back of the garment to designate to the driver if the worker is facing away. The bright colour requirement means more fabric materils can be used under the flame resistant requirements in Canada than in the EU or the US but the other requirements are basically the same.

See also

• Chartreuse yellow (also called neon yellow)
• Display (zoology) - high-visibility in nature
• Safety orange (also called blaze orange, hunter orange)
• Scotchlite
• Retroreflective

External links

• Towards bottom of page is information on trackworkers, and High-Vis gear, detailed.
• Working on creating a safer standard for high-visibility clothing.

Category Safety clothing

ca Armilla reflectant da Refleksvest de Warnweste fr Gilet de haute visibilité lb Warngilet sk Reflexná vesta