گیرنده آدنوزین A_2A

ADORA2A
ساختارهای موجود
PDB	جستجوی هم‌ساخت‌شناسی: PDBe RCSB
فهرست شناسه‌های PDB
	2YDO, 2YDV, 3EML, 3PWH, 3QAK, 3REY, 3RFM, 3UZA, 3UZC, 3VG9, 3VGA, 4EIY, 4UG2, 4UHR, 5IU4, 5IU7, 5IUA, 5IU8, 5IUB
معین‌کننده‌ها
نام‌های دیگر	ADORA2A, adenosine A2a receptor, A2aR, ADORA2, RDC8
شناسه‌های بیرونی	OMIM: 102776 MGI: 99402 HomoloGene: 20166 GeneCards: ADORA2A
موقعیت ژن (موش)
کروموزوم	کروموزوم ۱۰ (موش)
پایان	75,170,618 bp
الگوی گسترش RNA
	More reference expression data
هستی‌شناسی ژن
عملکرد ملکولی	• G protein-coupled adenosine receptor activity; • G protein-coupled receptor activity; • signal transducer activity; • GO:0001948، GO:0016582 پیوند پروتئینی; • identical protein binding; • enzyme binding; • alpha-actinin binding; • type 5 metabotropic glutamate receptor binding; • protein heterodimerization activity;
ترکیبات سلولی	• integral component of membrane; • membrane; • پوسته یاخته; • integral component of plasma membrane; • رشته‌های میانی; • دستگاه غشایی درونی; • GO:0097483، GO:0097481 postsynaptic density; • آسه; • دندریت; • axolemma; • asymmetric synapse; • presynaptic membrane; • soma; • postsynaptic membrane; • presynaptic active zone; • integral component of postsynaptic membrane; • integral component of presynaptic membrane; • glutamatergic synapse; • Golgi membrane;
فرایند زیستی	• cAMP biosynthetic process; • G protein-coupled adenosine receptor signaling pathway; • sensory perception; • adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; • cell-cell signaling; • انعقاد خون; • blood circulation; • cellular defense response; • central nervous system development; • بیگانه‌خواری; • inflammatory response; • GO:0072468 ورارسانی پیام; • GO:0097285 مرگ برنامه‌ریزی‌شده یاخته; • synaptic transmission, dopaminergic; • response to amphetamine; • GO:0009373 regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; • negative regulation of protein kinase activity; • protein kinase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; • synaptic transmission, cholinergic; • locomotory behavior; • negative regulation of cell population proliferation; • positive regulation of glutamate secretion; • positive regulation of acetylcholine secretion, neurotransmission; • regulation of norepinephrine secretion; • response to caffeine; • positive regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic; • synaptic transmission, glutamatergic; • positive regulation of urine volume; • positive regulation of renal sodium excretion; • negative regulation of locomotion; • اتساع عروق; • eating behavior; • negative regulation of vascular permeability; • negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process; • response to alkaloid; • GO:1904089 negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process; • positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep; • negative regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation; • astrocyte activation; • neuron projection morphogenesis; • positive regulation of protein secretion; • negative regulation of inflammatory response; • regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential; • membrane depolarization; • regulation of calcium ion transport; • positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic; • excitatory postsynaptic potential; • inhibitory postsynaptic potential; • prepulse inhibition; • positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway; • G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; • adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; • positive regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation; • regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis;
	منابع: آمیگو / کوئیک‌گو
هم‌ساخت‌شناسی
	135
	11540
	ENSG00000128271
	ENSMUSG00000020178
	P29274
	Q60613
	NM_001278497، NM_001278498، NM_001278499، NM_001278500، NR_103543، NR_103544 NM_000675، NM_001278497، NM_001278498، NM_001278499، NM_001278500، NR_103543، NR_103544
	XM_006513093، NM_001331095، NM_001331096، XM_030244829، XM_036155515 NM_009630، XM_006513093، NM_001331095، NM_001331096، XM_030244829، XM_036155515
	NP_001265426، NP_001265427، NP_001265428، NP_001265429 NP_000666، NP_001265426، NP_001265427، NP_001265428، NP_001265429
	NP_001318025، NP_033760، XP_006513156، XP_030100689، XP_036011408 NP_001318024، NP_001318025، NP_033760، XP_006513156، XP_030100689، XP_036011408
	ویکی‌داده
مشاهده/ویرایش انسان	مشاهده/ویرایش موش

گیرندهٔ آدنوزین A2A (انگلیسی: Adenosine A2A receptor) نوعی گیرنده آدنوزین است که در انسان توسط ژن «ADORA2A» کُدگذاری می‌شود.^[۴]^[۵]

عملکرد

این پروتئین یکی از اعضای خانوادهٔ گیرنده‌های جفت‌شونده با پروتئین جی (GPCR) است که ۷ مارپیچ آلفا تراغشایی دارند. این پروتئین وظیفه‌اش را با فعال کردنِ آدنیلات سیکلاز و تحریک ساختِ آدنوزین مونوفسفات حلقه‌ای انجام می‌دهد و به میزان فراوانی در عقده‌های قاعده‌ای، دستگاه گردش خون، لنفوسیت‌های تی و پلاکت‌ها یافت می‌شود و یکی از اهداف مولکولیِ اصلیِ کافئین است که آنتاگونیست رقابتی آن محسوب می‌شود.^[۶]

اهمیت فیزیولوژیک و بالینی

گیرنده A_2A به همراه گیرندهٔ A₁ در تنظیم نیازهای اکسیژنی عضلهٔ قلب و افزایش دادن جریان خون سرخرگ‌های کرونری از طریق گشاد کردن آنها نقش دارند. علاوه بر اینها، گیرنده A_2A می‌تواند موجب سرکوب سیستم ایمنی شده و بافت‌های بدن را در برابر التهاب محافظت کند.^[۷]

گیرنده A_2A در مغز هم بیان می‌شود و در آنجا نقش مهمی در تنظیم آزادسازی دوپامین و گلوتامات ایفا می‌کنند و به همین سبب ممکن است از اهداف درمانی بالقوه برای بی‌خوابی، درد، اختلال افسردگی عمده و بیماری پارکینسون باشد.^[۸]^[۹]^[۱۰]^[۱۱]^[۱۲]^[۱۳]^[۱۴]

لیگاندها

چندین لیگاند انتخابی برای گیرنده A_2A ساخته شده‌است^[۱۵] که مصارف بالینی گوناگونی را در بر می‌گیرند.^[۱۶] پژوهش‌های پیشین بر روی عملکرد این گیرنده، بیشتر متمرکز بر آنتاگونیست‌های غیر اختصاصی همچون آمینوفیلین و نقش این گیرنده‌ها در قلب انسان بود که سبب شد چندین کارآزمایی تصادفی کنترل‌شده جهت استفاده از این داروها در درمان کندتپشی و ایست قلبی انجام شود.^[۱۷]^[۱۸]^[۱۹]^[۲۰]^[۲۱]^[۲۲]^[۲۳]

با این وجود، با ساخت لیگاندهای اختصاصی برای گیرنده A_2A در سال‌های اخیر، مصارف دیگری از آنها مورد توجه واقع شده‌است، به گونه‌ای که امروزه تمرکز پژوهشی فراوانی بر روی استفادهٔ احتمالی از آنتاگونیست‌های A_2A در درمان بیماری پارکینسون وجود دارد.^[۲۴]^[۲۵]^[۲۶]^[۲۷]

آگونیست‌ها

آنتاگونیست‌ها

منابع

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↑
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مشارکت‌کنندگان ویکی‌پدیا. «Adenosine A2A receptor». در دانشنامهٔ ویکی‌پدیای انگلیسی، بازبینی‌شده در ۳ نوامبر ۲۰۲۰.

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پیوند به بیرون

مکان ژنوم ADORA2A انسانی و صفحهٔ جزئیات ژنی ADORA2A در سامانه جستجوی بانک ژنی دانشگاه کالیفرنیا، سانتا کروز.

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[ligands-15] 
Ongini E, Monopoli A, Cacciari B, Baraldi PG (2001). "Selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonists". Farmaco. 56 (1–2): 87–90. doi:10.1016/S0014-827X(01)01024-2. PMID 11347973.

Baraldi PG, Cacciari B, Romagnoli R, Spalluto G, Monopoli A, Ongini E, et al. (January 2002). "7-Substituted 5-amino-2-(2-furyl)pyrazolo[4,3-e]-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidines as A2A adenosine receptor antagonists: a study on the importance of modifications at the side chain on the activity and solubility". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 45 (1): 115–26. doi:10.1021/jm010924c. PMID 11754583.

Baraldi PG, Fruttarolo F, Tabrizi MA, Preti D, Romagnoli R, El-Kashef H, et al. (March 2003). "Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of C9- and C2-substituted pyrazolo[4,3-e]-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidines as new A2A and A3 adenosine receptors antagonists". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 46 (7): 1229–41. doi:10.1021/jm021023m. PMID 12646033.

Weiss SM, Benwell K, Cliffe IA, Gillespie RJ, Knight AR, Lerpiniere J, et al. (December 2003). "Discovery of nonxanthine adenosine A2A receptor antagonists for the treatment of Parkinson's disease". Neurology. 61 (11 Suppl 6): S101-6. doi:10.1212/01.WNL.0000095581.20961.7D. PMID 14663021. S2CID 12327094.

Cristalli G, Lambertucci C, Taffi S, Vittori S, Volpini R (2003). "Medicinal chemistry of adenosine A2A receptor agonists". Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry. 3 (4): 387–401. doi:10.2174/1568026033392282. PMID 12570757. Archived from the original on 2009-05-04. Retrieved 2018-10-02.

Cacciari B, Pastorin G, Spalluto G (2003). "Medicinal chemistry of A2A adenosine receptor antagonists". Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry. 3 (4): 403–11. doi:10.2174/1568026033392183. PMID 12570758. Archived from the original on 2009-05-04. Retrieved 2018-10-02.

Cristalli G, Cacciari B, Dal Ben D, Lambertucci C, Moro S, Spalluto G, Volpini R (March 2007). "Highlights on the development of A(2A) adenosine receptor agonists and antagonists". ChemMedChem. 2 (3): 260–81. doi:10.1002/cmdc.200600193. PMID 17177231.

Diniz C, Borges F, Santana L, Uriarte E, Oliveira JM, Gonçalves J, Fresco P (2008). "Ligands and therapeutic perspectives of adenosine A(2A) receptors". Current Pharmaceutical Design. 14 (17): 1698–722. doi:10.2174/138161208784746842. PMID 18673194. Archived from the original on 2009-05-04. Retrieved 2018-10-02.

Cristalli G, Lambertucci C, Marucci G, Volpini R, Dal Ben D (2008). "A2A adenosine receptor and its modulators: overview on a druggable GPCR and on structure-activity relationship analysis and binding requirements of agonists and antagonists". Current Pharmaceutical Design. 14 (15): 1525–52. doi:10.2174/138161208784480081. PMID 18537675.

Gillespie RJ, Adams DR, Bebbington D, Benwell K, Cliffe IA, Dawson CE, et al. (May 2008). "Antagonists of the human adenosine A2A receptor. Part 1: Discovery and synthesis of thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine-4-methanone derivatives". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. 18 (9): 2916–9. doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.03.075. PMID 18406614.

Gillespie RJ, Cliffe IA, Dawson CE, Dourish CT, Gaur S, Giles PR, et al. (May 2008). "Antagonists of the human adenosine A2A receptor. Part 2: Design and synthesis of 4-arylthieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine derivatives". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. 18 (9): 2920–3. doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.03.076. PMID 18407496.

Gillespie RJ, Cliffe IA, Dawson CE, Dourish CT, Gaur S, Jordan AM, et al. (May 2008). "Antagonists of the human adenosine A2A receptor. Part 3: Design and synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines, pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines and 6-arylpurines". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. 18 (9): 2924–9. doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.03.072. PMID 18411049.

[16] Ongini E, Monopoli A, Cacciari B, Baraldi PG (2001). "Selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonists". Farmaco. 56 (1–2): 87–90. doi:10.1016/S0014-827X(01)01024-2. PMID 11347973.

[17] Baraldi PG, Cacciari B, Romagnoli R, Spalluto G, Monopoli A, Ongini E, et al. (January 2002). "7-Substituted 5-amino-2-(2-furyl)pyrazolo[4,3-e]-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidines as A2A adenosine receptor antagonists: a study on the importance of modifications at the side chain on the activity and solubility". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 45 (1): 115–26. doi:10.1021/jm010924c. PMID 11754583.

[18] Baraldi PG, Fruttarolo F, Tabrizi MA, Preti D, Romagnoli R, El-Kashef H, et al. (March 2003). "Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of C9- and C2-substituted pyrazolo[4,3-e]-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidines as new A2A and A3 adenosine receptors antagonists". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 46 (7): 1229–41. doi:10.1021/jm021023m. PMID 12646033.

[19] Weiss SM, Benwell K, Cliffe IA, Gillespie RJ, Knight AR, Lerpiniere J, et al. (December 2003). "Discovery of nonxanthine adenosine A2A receptor antagonists for the treatment of Parkinson's disease". Neurology. 61 (11 Suppl 6): S101-6. doi:10.1212/01.WNL.0000095581.20961.7D. PMID 14663021. S2CID 12327094.

[20] Cristalli G, Lambertucci C, Taffi S, Vittori S, Volpini R (2003). "Medicinal chemistry of adenosine A2A receptor agonists". Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry. 3 (4): 387–401. doi:10.2174/1568026033392282. PMID 12570757. Archived from the original on 2009-05-04. Retrieved 2018-10-02.

[21] Cacciari B, Pastorin G, Spalluto G (2003). "Medicinal chemistry of A2A adenosine receptor antagonists". Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry. 3 (4): 403–11. doi:10.2174/1568026033392183. PMID 12570758. Archived from the original on 2009-05-04. Retrieved 2018-10-02.

[22] Cristalli G, Cacciari B, Dal Ben D, Lambertucci C, Moro S, Spalluto G, Volpini R (March 2007). "Highlights on the development of A(2A) adenosine receptor agonists and antagonists". ChemMedChem. 2 (3): 260–81. doi:10.1002/cmdc.200600193. PMID 17177231.

[23] Diniz C, Borges F, Santana L, Uriarte E, Oliveira JM, Gonçalves J, Fresco P (2008). "Ligands and therapeutic perspectives of adenosine A(2A) receptors". Current Pharmaceutical Design. 14 (17): 1698–722. doi:10.2174/138161208784746842. PMID 18673194. Archived from the original on 2009-05-04. Retrieved 2018-10-02.

[24] Cristalli G, Lambertucci C, Marucci G, Volpini R, Dal Ben D (2008). "A2A adenosine receptor and its modulators: overview on a druggable GPCR and on structure-activity relationship analysis and binding requirements of agonists and antagonists". Current Pharmaceutical Design. 14 (15): 1525–52. doi:10.2174/138161208784480081. PMID 18537675.

[25] Gillespie RJ, Adams DR, Bebbington D, Benwell K, Cliffe IA, Dawson CE, et al. (May 2008). "Antagonists of the human adenosine A2A receptor. Part 1: Discovery and synthesis of thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine-4-methanone derivatives". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. 18 (9): 2916–9. doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.03.075. PMID 18406614.

[26] Gillespie RJ, Cliffe IA, Dawson CE, Dourish CT, Gaur S, Giles PR, et al. (May 2008). "Antagonists of the human adenosine A2A receptor. Part 2: Design and synthesis of 4-arylthieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine derivatives". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. 18 (9): 2920–3. doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.03.076. PMID 18407496.

[27] Gillespie RJ, Cliffe IA, Dawson CE, Dourish CT, Gaur S, Jordan AM, et al. (May 2008). "Antagonists of the human adenosine A2A receptor. Part 3: Design and synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines, pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines and 6-arylpurines". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. 18 (9): 2924–9. doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.03.072. PMID 18411049.

[theraputic-16] 
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Lappas CM, Sullivan GW, Linden J (July 2005). "Adenosine A2A agonists in development for the treatment of inflammation". Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs. 14 (7): 797–806. doi:10.1517/13543784.14.7.797. PMID 16022569. S2CID 19306651.

El Yacoubi M, Costentin J, Vaugeois JM (December 2003). "Adenosine A2A receptors and depression". Neurology. 61 (11 Suppl 6): S82-7. doi:10.1212/01.WNL.0000095220.87550.F6. PMID 14663017. S2CID 36219448.

Kaster MP, Rosa AO, Rosso MM, Goulart EC, Santos AR, Rodrigues AL (January 2004). "Adenosine administration produces an antidepressant-like effect in mice: evidence for the involvement of A1 and A2A receptors". Neuroscience Letters. 355 (1–2): 21–4. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2003.10.040. PMID 14729225. S2CID 29253187.

Takahashi RN, Pamplona FA, Prediger RD (January 2008). "Adenosine receptor antagonists for cognitive dysfunction: a review of animal studies". Frontiers in Bioscience. 13 (13): 2614–32. doi:10.2741/2870. PMID 17981738.

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[29] Sullivan GW (November 2003). "Adenosine A2A receptor agonists as anti-inflammatory agents". Current Opinion in Investigational Drugs. 4 (11): 1313–9. PMID 14758770.

[30] Lappas CM, Sullivan GW, Linden J (July 2005). "Adenosine A2A agonists in development for the treatment of inflammation". Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs. 14 (7): 797–806. doi:10.1517/13543784.14.7.797. PMID 16022569. S2CID 19306651.

[31] El Yacoubi M, Costentin J, Vaugeois JM (December 2003). "Adenosine A2A receptors and depression". Neurology. 61 (11 Suppl 6): S82-7. doi:10.1212/01.WNL.0000095220.87550.F6. PMID 14663017. S2CID 36219448.

[32] Kaster MP, Rosa AO, Rosso MM, Goulart EC, Santos AR, Rodrigues AL (January 2004). "Adenosine administration produces an antidepressant-like effect in mice: evidence for the involvement of A1 and A2A receptors". Neuroscience Letters. 355 (1–2): 21–4. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2003.10.040. PMID 14729225. S2CID 29253187.

[33] Takahashi RN, Pamplona FA, Prediger RD (January 2008). "Adenosine receptor antagonists for cognitive dysfunction: a review of animal studies". Frontiers in Bioscience. 13 (13): 2614–32. doi:10.2741/2870. PMID 17981738.

[34] Lobato KR, Binfaré RW, Budni J, Rosa AO, Santos AR, Rodrigues AL (May 2008). "Involvement of the adenosine A1 and A2A receptors in the antidepressant-like effect of zinc in the forced swimming test". Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry. 32 (4): 994–9. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2008.01.012. PMID 18289757. S2CID 36068948.

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