Mary Main

Mary Main (1943 – 6. jaanuar 2023) oli Ameerika psühholoog, kelle peamiseks panuseks võib pidada kiindumussuhte (attachment) uurimist. Alma Mater: University of California Berkeley ^[1] Haridus: Ph.D., Johns Hopkins University

Peamised uurimisvaldkonnad:

Kiindumussuhe, loomade käitumine, etoloogia, narratiiv, Grice'i maksiimid seotuna eluloo kirjeldustega, kiindumussuhtega seotud laste joonistused ja muud produktsioonid, kiindumussuhe ja psühhofüsioloogia, psühhopaatia, epigeneetika ^[2]

Kiindumussuhte uurimine

Mary Main on lähtunud oma uuringutes John Bowlby ja Mary Ainsworth'i tööst. Kui Bowlby ja Ainsworthi teeneks oli eristada kolm kiindumussuhte stiili (turvaline (secure), ebaturvaline-ambivalentne (insecure-ambivalent/resistant) ja ebaturvaline-vältiv (insecure-avoidant), siis Mary Main lisas koos Judith Solomoniga neljanda kategooriana kaootilise (insecure-disorganized/disoriented) kiindumussuhte stiili. ^[3] Kaootilise kiindumusstiili avastamine põhines tööl Ainsworth'i loodud võõra situatsiooni katsega, kus Main ja Solomon täheldasid, et kõiki laste reaktsioone ei saa klassifitseerida seni kirjeldatud kolme kategooria alla ^[3].

AAI (Adult Attachment Interview)

Mary Main on täiskasvanu kiindumussuhte intervjuu (Adult Attachment Interview – AAI) kaasautor ^[4]. AAI töötati välja, püüdes leida võimalust emaliku tundlikkuse uurimiseks ^[1]. AAI on keele uurimisel põhinev tehnika, mis võimaldab ennustada täiskasvanu kiindumussuhete stiili tulevase lapsega. AAI välja töötamine on võimaldanud kiindumussuhte uurimist täiskasvanutel ning uurida kiindumussuhte mõju läbi erinevate põlvkondade^[5]. See poolstruktureeritud intervjuu koosneb 20st küsimusest ning läbiviimiseks kulub umbes tund aega. Intervjuu ajal palutakse osalejatel kirjeldada varajasi lapsepõlve kogemusi esmaste kiindumusisikutega ning hinnata nende kogemuste mõju oma arengule^[6]. Berkeleys läbi viidud uuringus leidis Main kolleegidega, et transkribeeritud AAI vastused võis jagada kolme kategooriasse – turvaline-autonoomne (secure-autonomous), minnalaskev (dismissing) ja hõivatud (preoccupied)^[1]. Lisaks seostasid Mary Main koos Erik Hesse'ga vanemate lahendamata traumakogemuse (tingitud kiindumusisiku kaotusest või muust kiindumussuhtega seonduvast kogemusest) laste kaootilise kiindumussuhtega, esitledes seda teise põlvkonna efektina. ^[7]

Publikatsioonid

ca 202 Google Scholari andmeil, millest enim tsiteeritud artikleid on 2017. aasta veebruariks tsiteeritud kuni 5696 korda. Enim tsiteeritud
Main, M., Kaplan, N., & Cassidy, J. (1985). Security in infancy, childhood, and adulthood: A move to the level of representation. Monographs of the society for research in child development, 66-104. Interview, H. L., & Main, M. (1984). The “organized” categories of the Adult Attachment Interview. System, 1985, 1996.
Main, M., & Solomon, J. (1990). Procedures for identifying infants as disorganized/disoriented during the Ainsworth Strange Situation. Attachment in the preschool years: Theory, research, and intervention, 1, 121-160.
Main, M., & Hesse, E. (1990). Parents' unresolved traumatic experiences are related to infant disorganized attachment status: Is frightened and/or frightening parental behavior the linking mechanism?.
Main, M., & Solomon, J. (1986). Discovery of an insecure-disorganized/disoriented attachment pattern.
Brazelton, T. B., Koslowski, B., & Main, M. (1974). The origins of reciprocity: The early mother-infant interaction.
Main, M. (1991). Metacognitive knowledge, metacognitive monitoring, and singular (coherent) vs. multiple (incoherent) models of attachment. Attachment across the life cycle, 127-159.
Main, M., & Cassidy, J. (1988). Categories of response to reunion with the parent at age 6: Predictable from infant attachment classifications and stable over a 1-month period. Developmental psychology, 24(3), 415.
Main, M. (2000). Overview, with Selected Implications for Clinical Work. Attachment theory: Social, developmental, and clinical perspectives, 407.
Main, M. (1990). Cross-cultural studies of attachment organization: Recent studies, changing methodologies, and the concept of conditional strategies. Human development, 33(1), 48-61.
George, C., & Main, M. (1979). Social interactions of young abused children: Approach, avoidance, and aggression. Child development, 306-318.
Main, M., & Goldwyn, R. (1984). Predicting rejection of her infant from mother's representation of her own experience: Implications for the abused-abusing intergenerational cycle. Child Abuse & Neglect, 8(2), 203-217.
Main, M. (1996). Introduction to the special section on attachment and psychopathology: 2. Overview of the field of attachment. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 64(2), 237.
Hesse, E., & Main, M. (2000). Disorganized infant, child, and adult attachment: Collapse in behavioral and attentional strategies. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 48(4), 1097-1127.

Viited

↑ ^1,0 ^1,1 ^1,2 Main, M., Kaplan, N., & Cassidy, J. (1985). Security in Infancy, Childhood, and Adulthood: A Move to the Level of Representation. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, (1/2). 66. )http://psychology.berkeley.edu/people/mary-main
↑ http://psychology.berkeley.edu/people/mary-main
↑ ^3,0 ^3,1 Main, M., & Solomon, J. (1986). Discovery of an insecure-disorganized/disoriented attachment pattern. In T. B. Brazelton, M. W. Yogman, T. B. Brazelton, M. W. Yogman (Eds.) , Affective development in infancy (pp. 95-124). Westport, CT, US: Ablex Publishing.
↑ Interview, H. L., & Main, M. (1984). The “organized” categories of the Adult Attachment Interview. System, 1985, 1996
↑ University of Gothenburg (2007). Honorary doctorate for Mary Main. Available at: https://web.archive.org/web/20181022053952/http://www.psychology.sunysb.edu/attachment/pdf/Mary_Main_honorary_degree.pdf
↑ Hesse, E. (2008). The Adult Attachment Interview: Protocol, method of analysis, and empirical studies. Illustreeriv AAI koopia on saadaval: http://www.psychology.sunysb.edu/attachment/measures/content/aai_interview.pdf Lisa pdf. 1980.
↑ Main, M., & Hesse, E. (1990). Parents' unresolved traumatic experiences are related to infant disorganized attachment status: Is frightened and/or frightening parental behavior the linking mechanism?. In M. T. Greenberg, D. Cicchetti, E. M. Cummings, M. T. Greenberg, D. Cicchetti, E. M. Cummings (Eds.) , Attachment in the preschool years: Theory, research, and intervention (pp. 161-182). Chicago, IL, US: University of Chicago Press.

[(Main,_Kaplan,_&_Cassidy,_1985)-1] 1,0 ^1,1 ^1,2 Main, M., Kaplan, N., & Cassidy, J. (1985). Security in Infancy, Childhood, and Adulthood: A Move to the Level of Representation. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, (1/2). 66. )http://psychology.berkeley.edu/people/mary-main

[2] ttp://psychology.berkeley.edu/people/mary-main

[(Main,_&_Solomon,_1986)-3] 3,0 ^3,1 Main, M., & Solomon, J. (1986). Discovery of an insecure-disorganized/disoriented attachment pattern. In T. B. Brazelton, M. W. Yogman, T. B. Brazelton, M. W. Yogman (Eds.) , Affective development in infancy (pp. 95-124). Westport, CT, US: Ablex Publishing.

[4] Interview, H. L., & Main, M. (1984). The “organized” categories of the Adult Attachment Interview. System, 1985, 1996

[5] University of Gothenburg (2007). Honorary doctorate for Mary Main. Available at: https://web.archive.org/web/20181022053952/http://www.psychology.sunysb.edu/attachment/pdf/Mary_Main_honorary_degree.pdf

[6] Hesse, E. (2008). The Adult Attachment Interview: Protocol, method of analysis, and empirical studies. Illustreeriv AAI koopia on saadaval: http://www.psychology.sunysb.edu/attachment/measures/content/aai_interview.pdf Lisa pdf. 1980.

[7] Main, M., & Hesse, E. (1990). Parents' unresolved traumatic experiences are related to infant disorganized attachment status: Is frightened and/or frightening parental behavior the linking mechanism?. In M. T. Greenberg, D. Cicchetti, E. M. Cummings, M. T. Greenberg, D. Cicchetti, E. M. Cummings (Eds.) , Attachment in the preschool years: Theory, research, and intervention (pp. 161-182). Chicago, IL, US: University of Chicago Press.

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