Paper 2022/425

SoK: New Insights into Fully Homomorphic Encryption Libraries via Standardized Benchmarks

Charles Gouert, University of Delaware
Dimitris Mouris, University of Delaware
Nektarios Georgios Tsoutsos, University of Delaware
Abstract

Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) enables arbitrary computation on encrypted data, allowing users to upload ciphertexts to cloud servers for computation while mitigating privacy risks. Many cryptographic schemes fall under the umbrella of FHE, and each scheme has several open-source implementations with its own strengths and weaknesses. Nevertheless, developers have no straightforward way to choose which FHE scheme and implementation is best suited for their application needs, especially considering that each scheme offers different security, performance, and usability guarantees. To allow programmers to effectively utilize the power of FHE, we employ a series of benchmarks called the Terminator 2 Benchmark Suite and present new insights gained from running these algorithms with a variety of FHE back-ends. Contrary to generic benchmarks that do not take into consideration the inherent challenges of encrypted computation, our methodology is tailored to the secure computational primitives of each target FHE implementation. To ensure fair comparisons, we developed a versatile compiler (called T2) that converts arbitrary benchmarks written in a domain-specific language into identical encrypted programs running on different popular FHE libraries as a backend. Our analysis exposes for the first time the advantages and disadvantages of each FHE library as well as the types of applications most suited for each computational domain (i.e., binary, integer, and floating-point).

Note: The T2 compiler and benchmarks are available online as open-source software: https://github.com/TrustworthyComputing/T2-FHE-Compiler-and-Benchmarks

Metadata
Available format(s)
PDF
Category
Applications
Publication info
Published elsewhere. Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PoPETs) 2023
Keywords
Benchmarkingdata privacyencrypted computationfully homomorphic encryptionperformance evaluation
Contact author(s)
cgouert @ udel edu
jimouris @ udel edu
tsoutsos @ udel edu
History
2023-02-07: revised
2022-04-06: received
See all versions
Short URL
https://ia.cr/2022/425
License
Creative Commons Attribution
CC BY

BibTeX

@misc{cryptoeprint:2022/425,
      author = {Charles Gouert and Dimitris Mouris and Nektarios Georgios Tsoutsos},
      title = {{SoK}: New Insights into Fully Homomorphic Encryption Libraries via Standardized Benchmarks},
      howpublished = {Cryptology {ePrint} Archive, Paper 2022/425},
      year = {2022},
      url = {https://eprint.iacr.org/2022/425}
}
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