viens
French
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]viens
- inflection of venir:
Usage notes
[edit]- Commonly used in the spoken language instead of the more formal-sounding first-person plural imperative in structures like "viens, on dort" (instead of "dormons", meaning "(come on,) let's sleep") when speaking to one person.
Latin
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Present participle of vieō
Participle
[edit]viēns (genitive vientis); third-declension one-termination participle
Declension
[edit]Third-declension participle.
| singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masc./fem. | neuter | masc./fem. | neuter | ||
| nominative | viēns | vientēs | vientia | ||
| genitive | vientis | vientium | |||
| dative | vientī | vientibus | |||
| accusative | vientem | viēns | vientēs vientīs |
vientia | |
| ablative | viente vientī1 |
vientibus | |||
| vocative | viēns | vientēs | vientia | ||
1When used purely as an adjective.
Latvian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Baltic *eynos (with ey > ie metathesis; note that some 17th-century Kurzeme and Zemgale dialects still had some forms with ey), from a Proto-Indo-European *éyno-, *éynos, from *éy, *óy (“he, it”) (non-Baltic cognates derive from o-grade *óy; compare Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos (“one”)) with a suffix *-nos, which originally had an adjectival meaning. The Eastern Baltic cognates (unlike Old Prussian) have an initial v, which suggests an intermediate Eastern Baltic form *weynos. This initial *w may result from sporadic word-initial consonant-joining phenomena, or from a possible particle *w-, *we-. Cognates of viens include Lithuanian víenas, Old Prussian ains, Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (ains), German eins, English one, Old Irish oín, Ancient Greek οἰνός (oinós, “one (when throwing dice)”), Latin ūnus (< *oinos). From the form *eynos comes also Proto-Slavic *inъ, *edinъ, *edьnъ (“one”) (Old Church Slavonic ѥдинъ (jedinŭ), ѥдьнъ (jedĭnŭ), Ukrainian, Russian оди́н (odín), Belarusian адзі́н (adzín), Bulgarian еди́н (edín), Czech, Slovak, Polish jeden.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]| < 0 | 1 | 2 > |
|---|---|---|
| Cardinal : viens Ordinal : pirmais Nominal : vieninieks | ||
| Latvian Wikipedia article on 1 (skaitlis) | ||
Numeral
[edit]viens
- one (the cipher, the cardinal number one)
- pieci un viens ir seši ― five and one is six
- no diviem atņemt vienu ― to subtract one from two
- one (an amount equal to one)
- viens galds, zimulis ― one table, pencil
- viena tonna ― one ton
- viens kilograms, litrs, metrs ― one kilo, liter, meter
- vieni vārti, svārki, rati ― one gate, skirt, cart
- vienas mājas, bikses ― one home, one pair of pants
- pirms viena gada ― one year ago
- nosvērt vienu kilogramu sviesta ― to weigh one kilo of butter
- one o'clock (a moment in time; one hour after midnight, or after noon)
- pulkstenis ir viens ― it is one o'clock
- pulkstenis ir pāri vieniem ― it is past one o'clock
- no vieniem līdz diviem ― from one to two o'clock
- vilciens pienāk vienos ― the train arrives at one o'clock
- (arithmetic, used as a noun) one, unit (the digit in the last position in a number)
- saskaitīt vienus ar vieniem, desmitus ar desmitiem ― to add the ones with the ones, the tens with the tens
- (used as a noun) one (person, thing, event, action)
- visi par vienu, viens par visiem ― all for one and one for all
- visi kā viens ― all as one
- viens, kas man rūp, ir laika trūkums ― one (thing) I care about is the lack of time
- runāt vienu, bet darīt (ko) citu ― to say one (thing) and do another
- viena dziedāja, otra spēlēja ― one (girl) is drawing, the other is playing
- one, a certain (marking indefiniteness)
- vienā jaukā dienā ― (in) one nice, fine day
- tur jūs viens gaida ― one (person) is waiting for you there
- the same (indicating identity, sameness)
- viens un tas pats ― one and the same
- atkārtot vienu un to pašu ― to repeat the same thing
- vienā laikā ― at the same time
- vienā ritmā ― in the same rhythm
- būt vienos gados ― to be of the same age
- abi domāja vienu domu ― both are thinking the same thought
- viena lieluma priekšmeti ― objects of the same size
- alone, by oneself, without the help of others
- viens pats, viena pati ― alone by himself, alone by herself
- viņš dzivo gluži viens ― he lives completely alone
- mēs ar brāli palikām vieni ― I stayed alone with my brother
- (with otrs) one or other, some, a few (people, objects, events)
- viens otrs to apšauba ― a few (people) doubt it.
- vienā otrā' gadījumā, vietā — ín a few cases, places
- (with otrs, in different cases) each other, one another (indicating mutual relations, influence)
- cienīt vienam otru ― to respect each other
- viņi tuliņ pazina viens otru ― they immediately recognized each other
- viņi palīdz viens otram ― they help each other
- iet viens aiz otra ― to go one after another
- labi izturēties vienam pret otram ― to treat each other well
- (with no) one of the... (member of a certain group)
- viņš ir viens no labākajiem mūsdienu rakstniekiem ― he is one of the best contemporary writers
- tas ir viens no tiem gadījumiem, kas liek padomāt ― this is one of those cases that make one think
- viens no diviem - jā vai nē ― either yes or no (lit. one of two (options): yes or no)
- one, in one (indicating continuity, lack of interruption)
- zirgs ir vienās putās ― the horse is in a lather, agitated
- māja stāv vienās liesmās ― the house is in one flame (= aflame, in flames, on fire)
- runāt vienā gabalā ― to speak in one piece (= without interruption)
- dzīvot vienās bailēs ― to live in one fear (= constantly in fear)
- one, one really... (used to intensify the meaning)
- viņš ir viens kārtīgs cilvēks ― he is one (really) neat person
- ak tu viens palaidni! ― oh you (are) one mischievous (person)!
- tā mūsu Beņa ir gan viena! ko tik viņa sadomā, to izdara, lai vai kas... ― our Beņa is really one (woman)! whatever she fancies, she does, no matter what...
Usage notes
[edit]Usually, only the singular forms of viens are used; the plural forms only occur with plural-only words (“pluralia tantum“). Also, in time expressions, the singular viens is used in “it is one o'clock,” but the plural form vieniem is used with postpositions (note also the simple locative plural form vienos “at one o'clock”).
Declension
[edit]| masculine (vīriešu dzimte) | feminine (sieviešu dzimte) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) |
singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) | ||||||
| nominative (nominatīvs) | viens | vieni | viena | vienas | |||||
| accusative (akuzatīvs) | vienu | vienus | vienu | vienas | |||||
| genitive (ģenitīvs) | viena | vienu | vienas | vienu | |||||
| dative (datīvs) | vienam | vieniem | vienai | vienām | |||||
| instrumental (instrumentālis) | vienu | vieniem | vienu | vienām | |||||
| locative (lokatīvs) | vienā | vienos | vienā | vienās | |||||
| vocative (vokatīvs) | — | — | — | — | |||||
Coordinate terms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “viens”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
- Latvian etymologies from LEV
- French 1-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio pronunciation
- French non-lemma forms
- French verb forms
- Latin non-lemma forms
- Latin participles
- Latin present participles
- Latin third declension participles
- Latin third declension participles of one termination
- Latvian terms inherited from Proto-Baltic
- Latvian terms derived from Proto-Baltic
- Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latvian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latvian words with broken intonation
- Latvian lemmas
- Latvian numerals
- Latvian terms with usage examples
- lv:Arithmetic
- Latvian cardinal numbers
- lv:One