tyngu
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Welsh
[edit]Etymology
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]- (North Wales) IPA(key): /ˈtəŋɨ̞/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /ˈtəŋi/
- Rhymes: -əŋɨ̞
Verb
[edit]tyngu (first-person singular present tyngaf)
- to swear (of an oath)
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | tyngaf | tyngi | twng, tynga | tyngwn | tyngwch | tyngant | tyngir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
tyngwn | tyngit | tyngai | tyngem | tyngech | tyngent | tyngid | |
| preterite | tyngais | tyngaist | tyngodd | tyngasom | tyngasoch | tyngasant | tyngwyd | |
| pluperfect | tyngaswn | tyngasit | tyngasai | tyngasem | tyngasech | tyngasent | tyngasid, tyngesid | |
| present subjunctive | tyngwyf | tyngych | tyngo | tyngom | tyngoch | tyngont | tynger | |
| imperative | — | tynga | tynged | tyngwn | tyngwch | tyngent | tynger | |
| verbal noun | tyngu | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | tyngedig tyngadwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | tynga i, tyngaf i | tyngi di | tyngith o/e/hi, tyngiff e/hi | tyngwn ni | tyngwch chi | tyngan nhw |
| conditional | tyngwn i, tyngswn i | tynget ti, tyngset ti | tyngai fo/fe/hi, tyngsai fo/fe/hi | tyngen ni, tyngsen ni | tyngech chi, tyngsech chi | tyngen nhw, tyngsen nhw |
| preterite | tyngais i, tynges i | tyngaist ti, tyngest ti | tyngodd o/e/hi | tyngon ni | tyngoch chi | tyngon nhw |
| imperative | — | tynga | — | — | tyngwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Derived terms
[edit]- tyngu'r du yn wyn (“to swear black is white”)
- tyngu i'r cyrs ac i'r coed (“to swear blind”)
Mutation
[edit]| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
| tyngu | dyngu | nhyngu | thyngu |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
Further reading
[edit]- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “tyngu”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies