tw
Translingual
[edit]Symbol
[edit]tw
Egyptian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (modern Egyptological) IPA(key): /tuː/
- Conventional anglicization: tu
Etymology 1
[edit]From earlier tj.
Determiner
[edit]
|
f sg proximal, later copular/vocative demonstrative determiner
- (Old Egyptian) this
- (Middle Egyptian) O (vocative reference)
Usage notes
[edit]This demonstrative was originally a determiner but could later be used alone, like a pronoun. When used as a determiner it follows the noun it describes.
Inflection
[edit]determiners | pronouns1 | adverbs | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
number | singular | dual | plural | unmarked | ||||
gender | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | unmarked | |
proximal to speaker | pn |
tn, jtn |
*jpnj |
*jptnj |
jpn |
jptn |
nn |
— |
distal | pf |
tf |
*jpfj |
*jptfj |
jpf |
jptf |
nf |
— |
proximal to spoken of | pj, pw, py, p |
tj, tw, jtw |
jpwj |
*jptwj |
jpw |
jptw |
nw |
— |
vocative | pꜣ |
tꜣ |
— |
— |
— |
— |
nꜣ |
ꜥꜣ |
|
masculine | feminine | plural | adverb | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
pronoun | pꜣw |
dj | ||||
determiners and pronouns | pꜣj |
tꜣj |
nꜣj | |||
possessive determiners (used with suffix pronouns) | pꜣy |
tꜣy |
nꜣy | |||
relational pronouns (‘possessive prefixes’) | p-n, pꜣ |
t-nt, tꜣ |
nꜣyw, nꜣ | |||
definite articles | pꜣ |
tꜣ |
nꜣ1 | |||
indefinite articles | wꜥ1 |
nhꜣy1 | ||||
|
Alternative forms
[edit]
| ||
tw |
There is also an alternative form that cannot stand alone as a pronoun: twy.
Pronoun
[edit]
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impersonal enclitic (‘dependent’) pronoun
- (Middle Egyptian) used as the impersonal subject of an adverbial predicate or verb form; one, someone or something unspecified
- used as a substitute for noun phrases referring to the king [since the New Kingdom]
Usage notes
[edit]tw can be used as a subject without any introductory particle only with a verb in the periphrastic prospective (the pseudoverbal construction with r).
In the sense referring to the king, this pronoun is conventionally translated as capitalized “One”.
Alternative forms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]
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m sg 2. enclitic (‘dependent’) pronoun
- Variant spelling of ṯw
References
[edit]- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 51, 54–55, 181.
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN
- Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN
White Hmong
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Hmong-Mien *tu̯eiX (“tail”). Cognate with Iu Mien dueiv;[1] outside of Hmong-Mien, compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *[k]ɗuut (“tip, tail”), whence Khmer កន្ទូត (kɑntuut, “rump of fowl”), as well as Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buntut (“rear end of chicken”), whence Malay buntut (“butt”).[2]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]tw (classifier: tus)
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Heimbach, Ernest E. (1979) White Hmong — English Dictionary[1], SEAP Publications, →ISBN, page 330.
- ^ Ratliff, Martha (2010) Hmong-Mien language history (Studies in Language Change; 8), Camberra, Australia: Pacific Linguistics, →ISBN, page 283.
- ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20240318042808/https://www.linguisticsociety.org/sites/default/files/e-learning/August 1 Language contact.pdf
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- ISO 639-1
- Egyptian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Egyptian lemmas
- Egyptian determiners
- Egyptian demonstrative determiners
- Old Egyptian
- Middle Egyptian
- Egyptian pronouns
- Egyptian impersonal pronouns
- Egyptian dependent pronouns
- Egyptian masculine pronouns
- Egyptian second person pronouns
- White Hmong terms inherited from Proto-Hmong-Mien
- White Hmong terms derived from Proto-Hmong-Mien
- White Hmong terms with IPA pronunciation
- White Hmong lemmas
- White Hmong nouns