trống

See also: trong, trỏng, and trọng

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

(Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕəwŋ͡m˧˦]
(Huế) IPA^(key): [ʈəwŋ͡m˦˧˥]
(Saigon) IPA^(key): [ʈəwŋ͡m˦˥]

Etymology 1

Probably from Old Chinese 孔 (OC *kʰloːŋʔ) (SV: khổng).

Adjective

trống • (𥧪, 𥨨)

empty; vacant

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Cognate with Tho [Cuối Chăm] kʰrɔːŋ³. Compare sống as in the compound sống mái.

The form sống was attested in numerous texts written in the Northern dialects well into the early 20th century, although just primarily in gà sống. The ‹s-›-‹tr-› correspondence indicates that the now dominant form trống originated from the North Central region (compare pairs such as sừng vs. trừng (“horn”), sâu vs. trâu (“caterpillar”), sành vs. trèng (“terracotta”)).

Alternative forms

(Northern Vietnam) sống

Adjective

trống • (𪟤, 𩀳)

(of a bird) male
Antonym: mái

gà trống ― a rooster
(of an animal with cá (“fish”) in its name, including cetaceans) male
Antonym: mái

cá heo trống/đực ― a male dolphin

Usage notes

Less common than đực when used for "fish", although it is not rare nor uncommon.

Derived terms

gà trống nuôi con

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Tai. Compare Thai กลอง (glɔɔng) and Lao ກອງ (kǭng).

Noun

(classifier cái, chiếc) trống • (𤿰, 𫪹, 𪔠, 弄, 𲎚)

(music) drum

References

"trống" in Hồ Ngọc Đức, Free Vietnamese Dictionary Project (details)