tanít
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See also: Tanit
Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Uralic *tuna- (“to get used to, to learn”) -ít (causative suffix).[1][2] Cognates include Moksha and Erzya тонадомс (tonadoms, “to get used to, to learn”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]tanít
- (transitive) to teach (to pass on knowledge to)
- 1937 April 11, Attila József, Születésnapomra (“For My Birthday”), translated by Péter Zollman:[3]
- Én egész népemet fogom / nem középiskolás fokon / taní- / tani!
- I’ll teach my nation, one and all, / much greater things than what you call / college / knowledge.
- 1937 April 11, Attila József, Születésnapomra (“For My Birthday”), translated by Péter Zollman:[3]
- (transitive) to teach (to cause to learn or understand)
- (intransitive) to teach (to act as a teacher)
- 2012 July 10, Márton Simó, “Alfabéták”, in Udvarhelyi Híradó, volume 23, number 130, page 2:
- Egy időben olyan helyen tanítottam, ahol nem volt nagy becsülete az iskolának és annak a tudásnak sem, amit ott csepegtetnek az emberi lelkekbe.
- At one point, I taught in a place where there was little respect for schools or the knowledge they instill in people’s souls there.
Usage notes
[edit]In the sense ’to pass on knowledge to’, the most common argument structure is the accusative for the subject (the field of teaching) and the dative (-nak/-nek) for the recipients (the people being instructed). However, the subject (the field of teaching) can also take -ra/-re if the recipients are specified with the accusative:
- Angolt tanítok a gyerekeknek ― I teach the children English. → (alternative translation) I teach English to the children.
- Angolra tanítom a gyerekeket. ― I teach the children English. → (alternative translation) I teach the children about English.
Conjugation
[edit]conjugation of tanít
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | tanítok | tanítasz | tanít | tanítunk | tanítotok | tanítanak | |
Def. | tanítom | tanítod | tanítja | tanítjuk | tanítjátok | tanítják | |||
2nd-p. o. | tanítalak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | tanítottam | tanítottál | tanított | tanítottunk | tanítottatok | tanítottak | ||
Def. | tanítottam | tanítottad | tanította | tanítottuk | tanítottátok | tanították | |||
2nd-p. o. | tanítottalak | ― | |||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. tanítani fog. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | taníték | tanítál | taníta | tanítánk | tanítátok | tanítának | ||
Def. | tanítám | tanítád | tanítá | tanítánk | tanítátok | taníták | |||
2nd-p. o. | tanítálak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. tanít vala, tanított vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | tanítandok | tanítandasz | tanítand | tanítandunk | tanítandotok | tanítandanak | ||
Def. | tanítandom | tanítandod | tanítandja | tanítandjuk | tanítandjátok | tanítandják | |||
2nd-p. o. | tanítandalak | ― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | tanítanék | tanítanál | tanítana | tanítanánk | tanítanátok | tanítanának | |
Def. | tanítanám | tanítanád | tanítaná | tanítanánk (or tanítanók) |
tanítanátok | tanítanák | |||
2nd-p. o. | tanítanálak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. tanított volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | tanítsak | taníts or tanítsál |
tanítson | tanítsunk | tanítsatok | tanítsanak | |
Def. | tanítsam | tanítsd or tanítsad |
tanítsa | tanítsuk | tanítsátok | tanítsák | |||
2nd-p. o. | tanítsalak | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. tanított légyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | tanítani | tanítanom | tanítanod | tanítania | tanítanunk | tanítanotok | tanítaniuk | ||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
tanítás | tanító | tanított | tanítandó | tanítva (tanítván) | taníttat | ||||
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs). | |||||||||
potential conjugation of tanít
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | taníthatok | taníthatsz | taníthat | taníthatunk | taníthattok | taníthatnak | |
Def. | taníthatom | taníthatod | taníthatja | taníthatjuk | taníthatjátok | taníthatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | taníthatlak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | taníthattam | taníthattál | taníthatott | taníthattunk | taníthattatok | taníthattak | ||
Def. | taníthattam | taníthattad | taníthatta | taníthattuk | taníthattátok | taníthatták | |||
2nd-p. o. | taníthattalak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | taníthaték | taníthatál | taníthata | taníthatánk | taníthatátok | taníthatának | ||
Def. | taníthatám | taníthatád | taníthatá | taníthatánk | taníthatátok | taníthaták | |||
2nd-p. o. | taníthatálak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. taníthat vala, taníthatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | taníthatandok or tanítandhatok |
taníthatandasz or tanítandhatsz |
taníthatand or tanítandhat |
taníthatandunk or tanítandhatunk |
taníthatandotok or tanítandhattok |
taníthatandanak or tanítandhatnak | ||
Def. | taníthatandom or tanítandhatom |
taníthatandod or tanítandhatod |
taníthatandja or tanítandhatja |
taníthatandjuk or tanítandhatjuk |
taníthatandjátok or tanítandhatjátok |
taníthatandják or tanítandhatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | taníthatandalak or tanítandhatlak |
― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | taníthatnék | taníthatnál | taníthatna | taníthatnánk | taníthatnátok | taníthatnának | |
Def. | taníthatnám | taníthatnád | taníthatná | taníthatnánk (or taníthatnók) |
taníthatnátok | taníthatnák | |||
2nd-p. o. | taníthatnálak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. taníthatott volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | taníthassak | taníthass or taníthassál |
taníthasson | taníthassunk | taníthassatok | taníthassanak | |
Def. | taníthassam | taníthasd or taníthassad |
taníthassa | taníthassuk | taníthassátok | taníthassák | |||
2nd-p. o. | taníthassalak | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. taníthatott légyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (taníthatni) | (taníthatnom) | (taníthatnod) | (taníthatnia) | (taníthatnunk) | (taníthatnotok) | (taníthatniuk) | ||
Positive adjective | tanítható | Neg. adj. | taníthatatlan | Adv. part. | (taníthatva / taníthatván) | ||||
Derived terms
[edit](With verbal prefixes):
Expressions
Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Entry #1078 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
- ^ tanít in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
- ^ In Quest of the Miracle Stag, The Poetry of Hungary, 2000
Further reading
[edit]- tanít in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Categories:
- Hungarian terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Hungarian terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Hungarian verbs suffixed with -ít
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Hungarian/iːt
- Rhymes:Hungarian/iːt/2 syllables
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian verbs
- Hungarian transitive verbs
- Hungarian terms with quotations
- Hungarian intransitive verbs
- Hungarian verbs taking -nak/-nek
- Hungarian verbs taking -ra/-re
- Hungarian terms with usage examples
- hu:Education