schrumpfen
German
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- schrumpen, schrümpfen, schrimpfen (all obsolete)
Etymology
[edit]In this form attested since the 17th century. Possibly an alteration of obsolete schrimpfen, from Middle High German schrimpfen, from Proto-Germanic *skrimpaną. The form would have originated in the strong past participle geschrumpfen and through intermediation of the rounded variant schrümpfen (16th c.). Alternatively from Proto-West Germanic *skrumpōn, a possible derivative of the same verb with an old zero grade. The late attestation speaks against this, though the Middle Dutch iterative schrompelen (compare German schrumpeln) is attested in the 14th century. In this case schrümpfen would be a compromise form.
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /ˈʃrʊm(p)fən/, [ˈʃʁʊm.pfn̩], [-fn̩], [-(p)fɱ̍], [-(p)fən]
Audio: (file) - Hyphenation: schrump‧fen
Verb
[edit]schrumpfen (weak, third-person singular present schrumpft, past tense schrumpfte, past participle geschrumpft, auxiliary haben or sein)
- (intransitive) to shrink, become smaller [auxiliary sein]
- 2010, Der Spiegel[1], number 25/2010, page 129:
- Zudem schrumpfen in Deutschland die Jahrgänge. Das Angebot an Arbeitnehmern, auch im Top-Bereich, wird bald nicht mehr reichen, um den Bedarf zu decken.
- In addition the age groups are shrinking in Germany. The supply of workers, also in the top region, will soon be no longer sufficient to cover the demand.
- (intransitive, dated) to shrivel, wrinkle
- Synonym: schrumpeln
- (transitive) to shrink [auxiliary haben]
Usage notes
[edit]- For shrinking of clothes in the wash, use eingehen.
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | schrumpfen | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | schrumpfend | ||||
past participle | geschrumpft | ||||
auxiliary | haben or sein | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich schrumpfe | wir schrumpfen | i | ich schrumpfe | wir schrumpfen |
du schrumpfst | ihr schrumpft | du schrumpfest | ihr schrumpfet | ||
er schrumpft | sie schrumpfen | er schrumpfe | sie schrumpfen | ||
preterite | ich schrumpfte | wir schrumpften | ii | ich schrumpfte1 | wir schrumpften1 |
du schrumpftest | ihr schrumpftet | du schrumpftest1 | ihr schrumpftet1 | ||
er schrumpfte | sie schrumpften | er schrumpfte1 | sie schrumpften1 | ||
imperative | schrumpf (du) schrumpfe (du) |
schrumpft (ihr) |
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “schrumpfen” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
- “schrumpfen” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
- “schrumpfen” in Duden online
- “schrumpfen” in OpenThesaurus.de
- German terms inherited from Middle High German
- German terms derived from Middle High German
- German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- German 2-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German terms with audio links
- German lemmas
- German verbs
- German weak verbs
- German verbs using haben as auxiliary
- German verbs using sein as auxiliary
- German verbs using haben and sein as auxiliary
- German intransitive verbs
- German terms with quotations
- German dated terms
- German transitive verbs