retrovirus

See also: rétrovirus and retrovírus

English

Etymology

From retro- ‎ virus, from its reverse direction of replication.

Pronunciation

• Audio (US):

  (file)

Noun

retrovirus (plural retroviruses)

1. (virology) Any of a group of viruses which insert a copy of their RNA genome into the DNA of a host cell, thus changing the genome of that cell.
   • 2010, Siddhartha Mukherjee, The Emperor of All Maladies, Fourth Estate (2011), page 318:

     Montagnier soon deduced that this was an RNA virus that could convert its genes into DNA and lodge into the human genome—a retrovirus.

2. (computer security) A computer virus that seeks to attack antivirus programs in an attempt to avoid detection.

Hyponyms

(family)

• orthoretrovirus
• spumaretrovirus

 

(genera)

• alpharetrovirus
• betaretrovirus
• bovispumavirus
• epsilonretrovirus
• equispumavirus
• felispumavirus
• gammaretrovirus
• lentivirus
• prosimiispumavirus
• simiispumavirus

 

Derived terms

• antiretrovirus
• endogenous retrovirus
• gammaretrovirus
• oncoretrovirus
• orthoretrovirus
• spumaretrovirus

 

Related terms

• retroviral
• retrovirological
• retrovirologist
• retrovirology

 

Translations

any of a group of viruses which insert a copy of their RNA genome into the DNA of a host cell

• Catalan: retrovirus (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 逆轉錄病毒／逆转录病毒 (zh) (nìzhuǎnlù bìngdú), 反轉錄病毒／反转录病毒 (zh) (fǎnzhuǎnlù bìngdú)

• Finnish: retrovirus (fi)
• French: rétrovirus (fr)
• German: Retrovirus n
• Greek: ρετροϊός (el) m (retroïós)
• Hungarian: retrovírus (hu)
• Icelandic: víxlveira f, retróveira f
• Italian: retrovirus (it) m
• Japanese: レトロウイルス科
• Korean: please add this translation if you can
• Polish: retrowirus m
• Portuguese: retrovírus m
• Russian: ретровирус (ru) m (retrovirus)
• Spanish: retrovirus m
• Swedish: retrovirus (sv) n

Finnish

Etymology

Internationalism (see English retrovirus).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈretroˌʋirus/, [ˈre̞t̪ro̞ˌʋirus̠]
• Rhymes: -irus
• Hyphenation^(key): retro‧virus

Noun

retrovirus

1. (virology) retrovirus

Declension

Inflection of retrovirus (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation)
nominative		retrovirus	retrovirukset
genitive		retroviruksen	retrovirusten retroviruksien
partitive		retrovirusta	retroviruksia
illative		retrovirukseen	retroviruksiin
		singular	plural
nominative		retrovirus	retrovirukset
accusative	nom.	retrovirus	retrovirukset
	gen.	retroviruksen
genitive		retroviruksen	retrovirusten retroviruksien
partitive		retrovirusta	retroviruksia
inessive		retroviruksessa	retroviruksissa
elative		retroviruksesta	retroviruksista
illative		retrovirukseen	retroviruksiin
adessive		retroviruksella	retroviruksilla
ablative		retrovirukselta	retroviruksilta
allative		retrovirukselle	retroviruksille
essive		retroviruksena	retroviruksina
translative		retrovirukseksi	retroviruksiksi
abessive		retroviruksetta	retroviruksitta
instructive		—	retroviruksin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of retrovirus (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative retrovirukseni retrovirukseni accusative nom. retrovirukseni retrovirukseni gen. retrovirukseni genitive retrovirukseni retrovirusteni retroviruksieni partitive retrovirustani retroviruksiani inessive retroviruksessani retroviruksissani elative retroviruksestani retroviruksistani illative retrovirukseeni retroviruksiini adessive retroviruksellani retroviruksillani ablative retrovirukseltani retroviruksiltani allative retrovirukselleni retroviruksilleni essive retroviruksenani retroviruksinani translative retroviruksekseni retroviruksikseni abessive retroviruksettani retroviruksittani instructive — — comitative — retroviruksineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative retroviruksesi retroviruksesi accusative nom. retroviruksesi retroviruksesi gen. retroviruksesi genitive retroviruksesi retrovirustesi retroviruksiesi partitive retrovirustasi retroviruksiasi inessive retroviruksessasi retroviruksissasi elative retroviruksestasi retroviruksistasi illative retrovirukseesi retroviruksiisi adessive retroviruksellasi retroviruksillasi ablative retrovirukseltasi retroviruksiltasi allative retroviruksellesi retroviruksillesi essive retroviruksenasi retroviruksinasi translative retrovirukseksesi retroviruksiksesi abessive retroviruksettasi retroviruksittasi instructive — — comitative — retroviruksinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative retroviruksemme retroviruksemme accusative nom. retroviruksemme retroviruksemme gen. retroviruksemme genitive retroviruksemme retrovirustemme retroviruksiemme partitive retrovirustamme retroviruksiamme inessive retroviruksessamme retroviruksissamme elative retroviruksestamme retroviruksistamme illative retrovirukseemme retroviruksiimme adessive retroviruksellamme retroviruksillamme ablative retrovirukseltamme retroviruksiltamme allative retroviruksellemme retroviruksillemme essive retroviruksenamme retroviruksinamme translative retrovirukseksemme retroviruksiksemme abessive retroviruksettamme retroviruksittamme instructive — — comitative — retroviruksinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative retroviruksenne retroviruksenne accusative nom. retroviruksenne retroviruksenne gen. retroviruksenne genitive retroviruksenne retrovirustenne retroviruksienne partitive retrovirustanne retroviruksianne inessive retroviruksessanne retroviruksissanne elative retroviruksestanne retroviruksistanne illative retrovirukseenne retroviruksiinne adessive retroviruksellanne retroviruksillanne ablative retrovirukseltanne retroviruksiltanne allative retroviruksellenne retroviruksillenne essive retroviruksenanne retroviruksinanne translative retrovirukseksenne retroviruksiksenne abessive retroviruksettanne retroviruksittanne instructive — — comitative — retroviruksinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative retroviruksensa retroviruksensa accusative nom. retroviruksensa retroviruksensa gen. retroviruksensa genitive retroviruksensa retrovirustensa retroviruksiensa partitive retrovirustaan retrovirustansa retroviruksiaan retroviruksiansa inessive retroviruksessaan retroviruksessansa retroviruksissaan retroviruksissansa elative retroviruksestaan retroviruksestansa retroviruksistaan retroviruksistansa illative retrovirukseensa retroviruksiinsa adessive retroviruksellaan retroviruksellansa retroviruksillaan retroviruksillansa ablative retrovirukseltaan retrovirukseltansa retroviruksiltaan retroviruksiltansa allative retrovirukselleen retroviruksellensa retroviruksilleen retroviruksillensa essive retroviruksenaan retroviruksenansa retroviruksinaan retroviruksinansa translative retroviruksekseen retrovirukseksensa retroviruksikseen retroviruksiksensa abessive retroviruksettaan retroviruksettansa retroviruksittaan retroviruksittansa instructive — — comitative — retroviruksineen retroviruksinensa

Further reading

• “retrovirus”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

Italian

Etymology

From English retro- ‎ virus.

Noun

retrovirus m (invariable)

1. retrovirus

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from English retrovirus.

Noun

retrovirus n (plural retrovirusuri)

1. retrovirus

Declension

	singular			plural
	indefinite	definite		indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	retrovirus	retrovirusul		retrovirusuri	retrovirusurile
genitive-dative	retrovirus	retrovirusului		retrovirusuri	retrovirusurilor
vocative	retrovirusule			retrovirusurilor

Spanish

Noun

retrovirus m (plural retrovirus)

1. (virology) retrovirus

Further reading

• “retrovirus”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28