pulma

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Esperanto

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Adjective

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pulma (accusative singular pulman, plural pulmaj, accusative plural pulmajn)

  1. pulmonic, pulmonary (pertaining or relative to the lungs)
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Estonian

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Noun

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pulma

  1. genitive singular of pulm
  2. partitive singular of pulm
  3. illative singular of pulm

Finnish

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Etymology

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Unknown origin. Probably cognate with Ingrian pulmalliin (difficult). The nature of a relationship with Estonian pulm (plural pulmad), Ingrian pulmat and Votic pulmõd (all "wedding") is unclear, but a semantic development from an original meaning "noise, racket, ruckus" may be possible.[1] Alternatively, an obscured derivational relationship to pula (shortage, crisis) may be possible, in which case the Finnish word is not related to those aforementioned words meaning "wedding".

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈpulmɑ/, [ˈpulmɑ̝]
  • Rhymes: -ulmɑ
  • Syllabification(key): pul‧ma

Noun

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pulma

  1. trouble, problem
    Synonym: ongelma
  2. dilemma, conundrum (difficult choice or decision that must be made)
  3. puzzle, riddle, brain-teaser, conundrum (difficult question or riddle)
    Synonym: ongelma

Declension

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Inflection of pulma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative pulma pulmat
genitive pulman pulmien
partitive pulmaa pulmia
illative pulmaan pulmiin
singular plural
nominative pulma pulmat
accusative nom. pulma pulmat
gen. pulman
genitive pulman pulmien
pulmain rare
partitive pulmaa pulmia
inessive pulmassa pulmissa
elative pulmasta pulmista
illative pulmaan pulmiin
adessive pulmalla pulmilla
ablative pulmalta pulmilta
allative pulmalle pulmille
essive pulmana pulmina
translative pulmaksi pulmiksi
abessive pulmatta pulmitta
instructive pulmin
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of pulma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative pulmani pulmani
accusative nom. pulmani pulmani
gen. pulmani
genitive pulmani pulmieni
pulmaini rare
partitive pulmaani pulmiani
inessive pulmassani pulmissani
elative pulmastani pulmistani
illative pulmaani pulmiini
adessive pulmallani pulmillani
ablative pulmaltani pulmiltani
allative pulmalleni pulmilleni
essive pulmanani pulminani
translative pulmakseni pulmikseni
abessive pulmattani pulmittani
instructive
comitative pulmineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative pulmasi pulmasi
accusative nom. pulmasi pulmasi
gen. pulmasi
genitive pulmasi pulmiesi
pulmaisi rare
partitive pulmaasi pulmiasi
inessive pulmassasi pulmissasi
elative pulmastasi pulmistasi
illative pulmaasi pulmiisi
adessive pulmallasi pulmillasi
ablative pulmaltasi pulmiltasi
allative pulmallesi pulmillesi
essive pulmanasi pulminasi
translative pulmaksesi pulmiksesi
abessive pulmattasi pulmittasi
instructive
comitative pulminesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative pulmamme pulmamme
accusative nom. pulmamme pulmamme
gen. pulmamme
genitive pulmamme pulmiemme
pulmaimme rare
partitive pulmaamme pulmiamme
inessive pulmassamme pulmissamme
elative pulmastamme pulmistamme
illative pulmaamme pulmiimme
adessive pulmallamme pulmillamme
ablative pulmaltamme pulmiltamme
allative pulmallemme pulmillemme
essive pulmanamme pulminamme
translative pulmaksemme pulmiksemme
abessive pulmattamme pulmittamme
instructive
comitative pulminemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative pulmanne pulmanne
accusative nom. pulmanne pulmanne
gen. pulmanne
genitive pulmanne pulmienne
pulmainne rare
partitive pulmaanne pulmianne
inessive pulmassanne pulmissanne
elative pulmastanne pulmistanne
illative pulmaanne pulmiinne
adessive pulmallanne pulmillanne
ablative pulmaltanne pulmiltanne
allative pulmallenne pulmillenne
essive pulmananne pulminanne
translative pulmaksenne pulmiksenne
abessive pulmattanne pulmittanne
instructive
comitative pulminenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative pulmansa pulmansa
accusative nom. pulmansa pulmansa
gen. pulmansa
genitive pulmansa pulmiensa
pulmainsa rare
partitive pulmaansa pulmiaan
pulmiansa
inessive pulmassaan
pulmassansa
pulmissaan
pulmissansa
elative pulmastaan
pulmastansa
pulmistaan
pulmistansa
illative pulmaansa pulmiinsa
adessive pulmallaan
pulmallansa
pulmillaan
pulmillansa
ablative pulmaltaan
pulmaltansa
pulmiltaan
pulmiltansa
allative pulmalleen
pulmallensa
pulmilleen
pulmillensa
essive pulmanaan
pulmanansa
pulminaan
pulminansa
translative pulmakseen
pulmaksensa
pulmikseen
pulmiksensa
abessive pulmattaan
pulmattansa
pulmittaan
pulmittansa
instructive
comitative pulmineen
pulminensa

Derived terms

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compounds

References

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  1. ^ Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎[1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN

Further reading

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Anagrams

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