pulma

Esperanto

Adjective

pulma (accusative singular pulman, plural pulmaj, accusative plural pulmajn)

1. pulmonic, pulmonary (pertaining or relative to the lungs)

Related terms

• pulmo

Estonian

Noun

pulma

1. genitive singular of pulm
2. partitive singular of pulm
3. illative singular of pulm

Finnish

Etymology

Unknown origin. Probably cognate with Ingrian pulmalliin (“difficult”). The nature of a relationship with Estonian pulm (plural pulmad), Ingrian pulmat and Votic pulmõd (all "wedding") is unclear, but a semantic development from an original meaning "noise, racket, ruckus" may be possible. Alternatively, an obscured derivational relationship to pula (“shortage, crisis”) may be possible, in which case the Finnish word is not related to those aforementioned words meaning "wedding".

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpulmɑ/, [ˈpulmɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -ulmɑ
• Hyphenation^(key): pul‧ma

Noun

pulma

1. trouble, problem

   Synonym: ongelma

2. dilemma, conundrum (difficult choice or decision that must be made)
3. puzzle, riddle, brain-teaser, conundrum (difficult question or riddle)

   Synonym: ongelma

Declension

Inflection of pulma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative		pulma	pulmat
genitive		pulman	pulmien
partitive		pulmaa	pulmia
illative		pulmaan	pulmiin
		singular	plural
nominative		pulma	pulmat
accusative	nom.	pulma	pulmat
	gen.	pulman
genitive		pulman	pulmien pulmain rare
partitive		pulmaa	pulmia
inessive		pulmassa	pulmissa
elative		pulmasta	pulmista
illative		pulmaan	pulmiin
adessive		pulmalla	pulmilla
ablative		pulmalta	pulmilta
allative		pulmalle	pulmille
essive		pulmana	pulmina
translative		pulmaksi	pulmiksi
abessive		pulmatta	pulmitta
instructive		—	pulmin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of pulma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative pulmani pulmani accusative nom. pulmani pulmani gen. pulmani genitive pulmani pulmieni pulmaini rare partitive pulmaani pulmiani inessive pulmassani pulmissani elative pulmastani pulmistani illative pulmaani pulmiini adessive pulmallani pulmillani ablative pulmaltani pulmiltani allative pulmalleni pulmilleni essive pulmanani pulminani translative pulmakseni pulmikseni abessive pulmattani pulmittani instructive — — comitative — pulmineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative pulmasi pulmasi accusative nom. pulmasi pulmasi gen. pulmasi genitive pulmasi pulmiesi pulmaisi rare partitive pulmaasi pulmiasi inessive pulmassasi pulmissasi elative pulmastasi pulmistasi illative pulmaasi pulmiisi adessive pulmallasi pulmillasi ablative pulmaltasi pulmiltasi allative pulmallesi pulmillesi essive pulmanasi pulminasi translative pulmaksesi pulmiksesi abessive pulmattasi pulmittasi instructive — — comitative — pulminesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative pulmamme pulmamme accusative nom. pulmamme pulmamme gen. pulmamme genitive pulmamme pulmiemme pulmaimme rare partitive pulmaamme pulmiamme inessive pulmassamme pulmissamme elative pulmastamme pulmistamme illative pulmaamme pulmiimme adessive pulmallamme pulmillamme ablative pulmaltamme pulmiltamme allative pulmallemme pulmillemme essive pulmanamme pulminamme translative pulmaksemme pulmiksemme abessive pulmattamme pulmittamme instructive — — comitative — pulminemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative pulmanne pulmanne accusative nom. pulmanne pulmanne gen. pulmanne genitive pulmanne pulmienne pulmainne rare partitive pulmaanne pulmianne inessive pulmassanne pulmissanne elative pulmastanne pulmistanne illative pulmaanne pulmiinne adessive pulmallanne pulmillanne ablative pulmaltanne pulmiltanne allative pulmallenne pulmillenne essive pulmananne pulminanne translative pulmaksenne pulmiksenne abessive pulmattanne pulmittanne instructive — — comitative — pulminenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative pulmansa pulmansa accusative nom. pulmansa pulmansa gen. pulmansa genitive pulmansa pulmiensa pulmainsa rare partitive pulmaansa pulmiaan pulmiansa inessive pulmassaan pulmassansa pulmissaan pulmissansa elative pulmastaan pulmastansa pulmistaan pulmistansa illative pulmaansa pulmiinsa adessive pulmallaan pulmallansa pulmillaan pulmillansa ablative pulmaltaan pulmaltansa pulmiltaan pulmiltansa allative pulmalleen pulmallensa pulmilleen pulmillensa essive pulmanaan pulmanansa pulminaan pulminansa translative pulmakseen pulmaksensa pulmikseen pulmiksensa abessive pulmattaan pulmattansa pulmittaan pulmittansa instructive — — comitative — pulmineen pulminensa

Derived terms

• pulmallinen
• pulmaton

 

compounds

• pulmakysymys
• pulmalelu
• pulmapeli
• pulmatilanne

 

Further reading

• “pulma”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

Anagrams

• palmu