pugna

See also: pugná

Catalan

Verb

pugna

1. inflection of pugnar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpuɲ.ɲa/
• Rhymes: -uɲɲa
• Hyphenation: pù‧gna

Etymology 1

From Latin pugna, from pugnō (“to fight, oppose”), from pugnus (“fist”), from Proto-Indo-European *pewǵ- (“prick, punch”).

Noun

pugna f (plural pugne) (obsolete, literary, poetic)

1. (literally and figuratively) fight, battle, combat
2. dispute, quarrel

Etymology 2

Noun

pugna (obsolete)

1. plural of pugno
   • 1321, Dante Alighieri, La divina commedia: Inferno, Le Monnier, published 1994, Canto VI, p. 91, vv. 25-27:

     E 'l duca mio distese le sue spanne, ¶ prese la terra, e con piene le pugna, ¶ la gittò dentro a le bramose canne.

     And my Conductor, with his spans extended, ¶ took of the earth, and with his fists well filled, ¶ he threw it into those rapacious gullets.

Etymology 3

Verb

pugna

1. inflection of pugnare:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Anagrams

• punga

Latin

Etymology 1

From pugnō (“to fight”), from pugnus (“a fist”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈpuɡ.na/, [ˈpʊŋnä]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈpuɲ.ɲa/, [ˈpuɲːä]

Noun

pugna f (genitive pugnae); first declension

1. a fight, battle, combat, action

   Synonyms: proelium, bellum, duellum, dimicatio, certamen

2. a line of battle, troops drawn up for battle
3. a contest, dispute, quarrel

   Synonyms: certatus, rixa

Declension

First-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	pugna	pugnae
genitive	pugnae	pugnārum
dative	pugnae	pugnīs
accusative	pugnam	pugnās
ablative	pugnā	pugnīs
vocative	pugna	pugnae

Derived terms

• pugnicula

Related terms

• pugnācitās
• pugnāciter
• pugnāculum
• pugnantia
• pugnātor
• pugnātōrius
• pugnātrix
• pugnāx
• pugneus
• pugnitus
• pugnō
• pugnus

Etymology 2

Verb

pugnā

1. second-person singular present active imperative of pugnō

References

• “pugna”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “pugna”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• pugna in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• Félix Gaffiot (1934) “pugna”, in Dictionnaire illustré latin-français [Illustrated Latin-French Dictionary] (in French), Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to provoke the enemy to battle: proelio (ad pugnam) hostes lacessere, provocare
    
  • to decline battle: pugnam detrectare (Liv. 3. 60)
    
  • to choose suitable ground for an engagement: locum ad pugnam idoneum deligere
    
  • to fix a day for the engagement: diem pugnae constituere (B. G. 3. 24)
    
  • to triumph over some one: triumphum agere de or ex aliquo or c. Gen. (victoriae, pugnae)
    
  • to fight a battle at sea: pugnam navalem facere
    
  • (ambiguous) the issue of the day was for a long time uncertain: diu anceps stetit pugna
    
  • (ambiguous) to come off victorious: superiorem (opp. inferiorem), victorem (proelio, pugna) discedere
    

Portuguese

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin pugna.

Noun

pugna f (plural pugnas)

1. combat; battle; fight

   Synonyms: batalha, combate, luta, peleja

2. (figurative) struggle

   Synonyms: batalha, luta

Etymology 2

Verb

pugna

1. inflection of pugnar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpuɡna/ [ˈpuɣ̞.na]
• Rhymes: -uɡna
• Syllabification: pug‧na

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin pugna.

Noun

pugna f (plural pugnas)

1. fight; ruckus
2. struggle
3. battle

Etymology 2

Verb

pugna

1. inflection of pugnar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Further reading

• “pugna”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28