ofuscar

Portuguese

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Ecclesiastical Latin offuscāre (“to darken, to obscure”), from Latin ob- fuscō (“to darken”). Compare French offusquer.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /o.fusˈka(ʁ)/ [o.fusˈka(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /o.fusˈka(ʁ)/ [o.fusˈka(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /o.fusˈka(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /o.fuʃˈka(ʁ)/ [o.fuʃˈka(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /o.fusˈka(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɔ.fuʃˈkaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɔ.fuʃˈkaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɔ.fuʃˈka.ɾi/

• Hyphenation: o‧fus‧car

Verb

ofuscar (first-person singular present ofusco, first-person singular preterite ofusquei, past participle ofuscado)

1. (transitive) to outshine

Conjugation

    Conjugation of ofuscar (c-qu alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	ofuscar
Personal	ofuscar	ofuscares	ofuscar	ofuscarmos	ofuscardes	ofuscarem
Gerund
	ofuscando
Past participle
Masculine	ofuscado			ofuscados
Feminine	ofuscada			ofuscadas
Indicative
Present	ofusco	ofuscas	ofusca	ofuscamos	ofuscais	ofuscam
Imperfect	ofuscava	ofuscavas	ofuscava	ofuscávamos	ofuscáveis	ofuscavam
Preterite	ofusquei	ofuscaste	ofuscou	ofuscamos1, ofuscámos2	ofuscastes	ofuscaram
Pluperfect	ofuscara	ofuscaras	ofuscara	ofuscáramos	ofuscáreis	ofuscaram
Future	ofuscarei	ofuscarás	ofuscará	ofuscaremos	ofuscareis	ofuscarão
Conditional	ofuscaria	ofuscarias	ofuscaria	ofuscaríamos	ofuscaríeis	ofuscariam
Subjunctive
Present	ofusque	ofusques	ofusque	ofusquemos	ofusqueis	ofusquem
Imperfect	ofuscasse	ofuscasses	ofuscasse	ofuscássemos	ofuscásseis	ofuscassem
Future	ofuscar	ofuscares	ofuscar	ofuscarmos	ofuscardes	ofuscarem
Imperative
Affirmative		ofusca	ofusque	ofusquemos	ofuscai	ofusquem
Negative (não)		não ofusques	não ofusque	não ofusquemos	não ofusqueis	não ofusquem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Further reading

• “ofuscar”, in iDicionário Aulete (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2024
• “ofuscar”, in Dicionário inFormal (in Portuguese), 2006–2024
• “ofuscar” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913
• “ofuscar”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2024
• “ofuscar”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2024
• “ofuscar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2024

Spanish

Etymology

Semi-learned borrowing from Late Latin obfuscāre, from Latin ob- fuscō (“to darken”). Compare Italian offuscare.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ofusˈkaɾ/ [o.fusˈkaɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: o‧fus‧car

Verb

ofuscar (first-person singular present ofusco, first-person singular preterite ofusqué, past participle ofuscado)

1. (transitive) to obfuscate
2. (transitive) to confuse
3. (transitive) to wow, astonish

Conjugation

    Conjugation of ofuscar (c-qu alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			ofuscar
gerund			ofuscando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		ofuscado		ofuscada
		plural		ofuscados		ofuscadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	ofusco	ofuscastú ofuscásvos	ofusca	ofuscamos	ofuscáis	ofuscan
	imperfect	ofuscaba	ofuscabas	ofuscaba	ofuscábamos	ofuscabais	ofuscaban
	preterite	ofusqué	ofuscaste	ofuscó	ofuscamos	ofuscasteis	ofuscaron
	future	ofuscaré	ofuscarás	ofuscará	ofuscaremos	ofuscaréis	ofuscarán
	conditional	ofuscaría	ofuscarías	ofuscaría	ofuscaríamos	ofuscaríais	ofuscarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	ofusque	ofusquestú ofusquésvos2	ofusque	ofusquemos	ofusquéis	ofusquen
	imperfect (ra)	ofuscara	ofuscaras	ofuscara	ofuscáramos	ofuscarais	ofuscaran
	imperfect (se)	ofuscase	ofuscases	ofuscase	ofuscásemos	ofuscaseis	ofuscasen
	future1	ofuscare	ofuscares	ofuscare	ofuscáremos	ofuscareis	ofuscaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		ofuscatú ofuscávos	ofusque	ofusquemos	ofuscad	ofusquen
	negative		no ofusques	no ofusque	no ofusquemos	no ofusquéis	no ofusquen

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of ofuscar (c-qu alternation)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive ofuscar
	dative	ofuscarme	ofuscarte	ofuscarle, ofuscarse	ofuscarnos	ofuscaros	ofuscarles, ofuscarse
	accusative	ofuscarme	ofuscarte	ofuscarlo, ofuscarla, ofuscarse	ofuscarnos	ofuscaros	ofuscarlos, ofuscarlas, ofuscarse
with gerund ofuscando
	dative	ofuscándome	ofuscándote	ofuscándole, ofuscándose	ofuscándonos	ofuscándoos	ofuscándoles, ofuscándose
	accusative	ofuscándome	ofuscándote	ofuscándolo, ofuscándola, ofuscándose	ofuscándonos	ofuscándoos	ofuscándolos, ofuscándolas, ofuscándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative ofusca
	dative	ofúscame	ofúscate	ofúscale	ofúscanos	not used	ofúscales
	accusative	ofúscame	ofúscate	ofúscalo, ofúscala	ofúscanos	not used	ofúscalos, ofúscalas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative ofuscá
	dative	ofuscame	ofuscate	ofuscale	ofuscanos	not used	ofuscales
	accusative	ofuscame	ofuscate	ofuscalo, ofuscala	ofuscanos	not used	ofuscalos, ofuscalas
with formal second-person singular imperative ofusque
	dative	ofúsqueme	not used	ofúsquele, ofúsquese	ofúsquenos	not used	ofúsqueles
	accusative	ofúsqueme	not used	ofúsquelo, ofúsquela, ofúsquese	ofúsquenos	not used	ofúsquelos, ofúsquelas
with first-person plural imperative ofusquemos
	dative	not used	ofusquémoste	ofusquémosle	ofusquémonos	ofusquémoos	ofusquémosles
	accusative	not used	ofusquémoste	ofusquémoslo, ofusquémosla	ofusquémonos	ofusquémoos	ofusquémoslos, ofusquémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative ofuscad
	dative	ofuscadme	not used	ofuscadle	ofuscadnos	ofuscaos	ofuscadles
	accusative	ofuscadme	not used	ofuscadlo, ofuscadla	ofuscadnos	ofuscaos	ofuscadlos, ofuscadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative ofusquen
	dative	ofúsquenme	not used	ofúsquenle	ofúsquennos	not used	ofúsquenles, ofúsquense
	accusative	ofúsquenme	not used	ofúsquenlo, ofúsquenla	ofúsquennos	not used	ofúsquenlos, ofúsquenlas, ofúsquense

Further reading

• “ofuscar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy, 2023 November 28