humillar

Galician

Alternative forms

• humilhar (reintegrationist)

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese omillar (Cantigas de Santa Maria, 13th century); from Late Latin humiliāre, present active infinitive of humiliō, from humus (“ground, soil”). Compare Portuguese humilhar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /umiˈʎaɾ/

Verb

humillar (first-person singular present humillo, first-person singular preterite humillei, past participle humillado)

1. (transitive) to humiliate

   Synonym: vexar

2. (pronominal) to humble, to abase

   Synonym: abaixar

3. (pronominal) to bow, to lower, to salute

   Synonym: abaixar

   • 1295, Ramón Lorenzo, editor, La traducción gallega de la Crónica General y de la Crónica de Castilla, Ourense: I.E.O.P.F., page 642:

     Et, quando forõ ante dona Xemena, o mouro omillouse a ela et a suas fillas, et quiso beyiar as mãos a dona Xemena; mays ela nõ llas quiso dar.

     And when they were before lady Xemena, the Moor man bowed before her and her daughters, and he wanted to kiss lady Xemena,s hands, but she didn't allow him to.

Conjugation

    Conjugation of humillar

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	humillar
Personal	humillar	humillares	humillar	humillarmos	humillardes	humillaren
Gerund
	humillando
Past participle
Masculine	humillado			humillados
Feminine	humillada			humilladas
Indicative
Present	humillo	humillas	humilla	humillamos	humillades	humillan
Imperfect	humillaba	humillabas	humillaba	humillabamos	humillabades	humillaban
Preterite	humillei	humillaches	humillou	humillamos	humillastes	humillaron
Pluperfect	humillara	humillaras	humillara	humillaramos	humillarades	humillaran
Future	humillarei	humillarás	humillará	humillaremos	humillaredes	humillarán
Conditional	humillaría	humillarías	humillaría	humillariamos	humillariades	humillarían
Subjunctive
Present	humille	humilles	humille	humillemos	humilledes	humillen
Imperfect	humillase	humillases	humillase	humillásemos	humillásedes	humillasen
Future	humillar	humillares	humillar	humillarmos	humillardes	humillaren
Imperative
Affirmative		humilla	humille	humillemos	humillade	humillen
Negative (non)		non humilles	non humille	non humillemos	non humilledes	non humillen

Derived terms

• humillante
• milladoiro

Related terms

• humillación

Further reading

• “humillar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2024

References

• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “omillar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “omill”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “humillar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “humillar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega

Spanish

Etymology

Altered from Old Spanish homillar, a borrowing from Late Latin humiliāre.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /umiˈʝaɾ/ [u.miˈʝaɾ]

• IPA^(key): (most of Spain and Latin America) /umiˈʝaɾ/ [u.miˈʝaɾ]
• IPA^(key): (rural northern Spain, Andes Mountains, Paraguay, Philippines) /umiˈʎaɾ/ [u.miˈʎaɾ]
• IPA^(key): (Buenos Aires and environs) /umiˈʃaɾ/ [u.miˈʃaɾ]
• IPA^(key): (elsewhere in Argentina and Uruguay) /umiˈʒaɾ/ [u.miˈʒaɾ]

• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: hu‧mi‧llar

Verb

humillar (first-person singular present humillo, first-person singular preterite humillé, past participle humillado)

1. (transitive) to humiliate

   Synonym: (Mexico) sobajar

Conjugation

    Conjugation of humillar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			humillar
gerund			humillando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		humillado		humillada
		plural		humillados		humilladas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	humillo	humillastú humillásvos	humilla	humillamos	humilláis	humillan
	imperfect	humillaba	humillabas	humillaba	humillábamos	humillabais	humillaban
	preterite	humillé	humillaste	humilló	humillamos	humillasteis	humillaron
	future	humillaré	humillarás	humillará	humillaremos	humillaréis	humillarán
	conditional	humillaría	humillarías	humillaría	humillaríamos	humillaríais	humillarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	humille	humillestú humillésvos2	humille	humillemos	humilléis	humillen
	imperfect (ra)	humillara	humillaras	humillara	humilláramos	humillarais	humillaran
	imperfect (se)	humillase	humillases	humillase	humillásemos	humillaseis	humillasen
	future1	humillare	humillares	humillare	humilláremos	humillareis	humillaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		humillatú humillávos	humille	humillemos	humillad	humillen
	negative		no humilles	no humille	no humillemos	no humilléis	no humillen

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of humillar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive humillar
	dative	humillarme	humillarte	humillarle, humillarse	humillarnos	humillaros	humillarles, humillarse
	accusative	humillarme	humillarte	humillarlo, humillarla, humillarse	humillarnos	humillaros	humillarlos, humillarlas, humillarse
with gerund humillando
	dative	humillándome	humillándote	humillándole, humillándose	humillándonos	humillándoos	humillándoles, humillándose
	accusative	humillándome	humillándote	humillándolo, humillándola, humillándose	humillándonos	humillándoos	humillándolos, humillándolas, humillándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative humilla
	dative	humíllame	humíllate	humíllale	humíllanos	not used	humíllales
	accusative	humíllame	humíllate	humíllalo, humíllala	humíllanos	not used	humíllalos, humíllalas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative humillá
	dative	humillame	humillate	humillale	humillanos	not used	humillales
	accusative	humillame	humillate	humillalo, humillala	humillanos	not used	humillalos, humillalas
with formal second-person singular imperative humille
	dative	humílleme	not used	humíllele, humíllese	humíllenos	not used	humílleles
	accusative	humílleme	not used	humíllelo, humíllela, humíllese	humíllenos	not used	humíllelos, humíllelas
with first-person plural imperative humillemos
	dative	not used	humillémoste	humillémosle	humillémonos	humillémoos	humillémosles
	accusative	not used	humillémoste	humillémoslo, humillémosla	humillémonos	humillémoos	humillémoslos, humillémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative humillad
	dative	humilladme	not used	humilladle	humilladnos	humillaos	humilladles
	accusative	humilladme	not used	humilladlo, humilladla	humilladnos	humillaos	humilladlos, humilladlas
with formal second-person plural imperative humillen
	dative	humíllenme	not used	humíllenle	humíllennos	not used	humíllenles, humíllense
	accusative	humíllenme	not used	humíllenlo, humíllenla	humíllennos	not used	humíllenlos, humíllenlas, humíllense

Derived terms

• humilladero
• humillador
• humillante

 

Related terms

• humilde
• humillación

 

Further reading

• “humillar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28
• Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1984) “humilde”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critic Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), volume III (G–Ma), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 426