hepo

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *hëpo, cognate with Estonian hobu, Karelian hepo／hebo, Veps hepo, Livonian ibbi, Votic õpo, Votic opo. Possibly a loan from a descendant of Proto-Indo-European *h₁éḱwos, such as Proto-Germanic *ehwaz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈhepo/, [ˈhe̞po̞]
• Rhymes: -epo
• Syllabification^(key): he‧po

Noun

hepo

1. (poetic) Synonym of hevonen (“horse”)
2. (colloquial) heroin

   Synonyms: see heroiini

Usage notes

• (horse): Rare in general usage, although common in sayings, idioms and in metaphorical use.

Declension

Inflection of hepo (Kotus type 1*E/valo, p-v gradation)
nominative		hepo	hevot
genitive		hevon	hepojen
partitive		hepoa	hepoja
illative		hepoon	hepoihin
		singular	plural
nominative		hepo	hevot
accusative	nom.	hepo	hevot
	gen.	hevon
genitive		hevon	hepojen
partitive		hepoa	hepoja
inessive		hevossa	hevoissa
elative		hevosta	hevoista
illative		hepoon	hepoihin
adessive		hevolla	hevoilla
ablative		hevolta	hevoilta
allative		hevolle	hevoille
essive		hepona	hepoina
translative		hevoksi	hevoiksi
abessive		hevotta	hevoitta
instructive		—	hevoin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of hepo (Kotus type 1*E/valo, p-v gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative heponi heponi accusative nom. heponi heponi gen. heponi genitive heponi hepojeni partitive hepoani hepojani inessive hevossani hevoissani elative hevostani hevoistani illative hepooni hepoihini adessive hevollani hevoillani ablative hevoltani hevoiltani allative hevolleni hevoilleni essive heponani hepoinani translative hevokseni hevoikseni abessive hevottani hevoittani instructive — — comitative — hepoineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative heposi heposi accusative nom. heposi heposi gen. heposi genitive heposi hepojesi partitive hepoasi hepojasi inessive hevossasi hevoissasi elative hevostasi hevoistasi illative hepoosi hepoihisi adessive hevollasi hevoillasi ablative hevoltasi hevoiltasi allative hevollesi hevoillesi essive heponasi hepoinasi translative hevoksesi hevoiksesi abessive hevottasi hevoittasi instructive — — comitative — hepoinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative hepomme hepomme accusative nom. hepomme hepomme gen. hepomme genitive hepomme hepojemme partitive hepoamme hepojamme inessive hevossamme hevoissamme elative hevostamme hevoistamme illative hepoomme hepoihimme adessive hevollamme hevoillamme ablative hevoltamme hevoiltamme allative hevollemme hevoillemme essive heponamme hepoinamme translative hevoksemme hevoiksemme abessive hevottamme hevoittamme instructive — — comitative — hepoinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative heponne heponne accusative nom. heponne heponne gen. heponne genitive heponne hepojenne partitive hepoanne hepojanne inessive hevossanne hevoissanne elative hevostanne hevoistanne illative hepoonne hepoihinne adessive hevollanne hevoillanne ablative hevoltanne hevoiltanne allative hevollenne hevoillenne essive heponanne hepoinanne translative hevoksenne hevoiksenne abessive hevottanne hevoittanne instructive — — comitative — hepoinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative heponsa heponsa accusative nom. heponsa heponsa gen. heponsa genitive heponsa hepojensa partitive hepoaan hepoansa hepojaan hepojansa inessive hevossaan hevossansa hevoissaan hevoissansa elative hevostaan hevostansa hevoistaan hevoistansa illative hepoonsa hepoihinsa adessive hevollaan hevollansa hevoillaan hevoillansa ablative hevoltaan hevoltansa hevoiltaan hevoiltansa allative hevolleen hevollensa hevoilleen hevoillensa essive heponaan heponansa hepoinaan hepoinansa translative hevokseen hevoksensa hevoikseen hevoiksensa abessive hevottaan hevottansa hevoittaan hevoittansa instructive — — comitative — hepoineen hepoinensa

Derived terms

• hepoasteet
• hepokatti
• Hepola
• hepomonninen
• Hepo-oja
• hevonen
• Hevonkoski
• hevonkuusi
• hevonpaska
• hevonperse
• hevonvittu
• rautahepo
• virtahepo

 

References

• Häkkinen, Kaisa (2004) Nykysuomen etymologinen sanakirja (in Finnish), Juva: WSOY, →ISBN

Further reading

• “hepo”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *hëpo. Cognates include Finnish hepo and Estonian hobu.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈhepo/, [ˈhe̞po̞]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈhepo/, [ˈhe̞b̥o̞]
• Rhymes: -epo
• Hyphenation: he‧po

Noun

hepo

1. piggyback
2. sheaf of grain made by forming a piramid of two three bundles

Declension

Declension of hepo (type 4/koivu, p-v gradation, gemination)
	singular	plural
nominative	hepo	hevot
genitive	hevon	heppoin, hepoloin
partitive	heppoa	hepoja, hepoloja
illative	heppoo	heppoi, hepoloihe
inessive	hevos	hevois, hepolois
elative	hevost	hevoist, hepoloist
allative	hevolle	hevoille, hepoloille
adessive	hevol	hevoil, hepoloil
ablative	hevolt	hevoilt, hepoloilt
translative	hevoks	hevoiks, hepoloiks
essive	heponna, heppoon	hepoinna, hepoloinna, heppoin, hepoloin
exessive1)	hepont	hepoint, hepoloint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Derived terms

• hepoin
• hepokaarre
• hepokala

 

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 53

Karelian

Regional variants of hepo

North Karelian (Viena)	hepo
South Karelian (Tver)	hebo

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *hëpo. Cognates include Finnish hepo and Veps hebo.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈhepo/
• Hyphenation: he‧po

Noun

hepo (genitive hevon, partitive hepuo)

1. (North Karelian) horse

Declension

Viena Karelian declension of hepo (type 1/tyttö, p-v gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	hepo	hevot
genitive	hevon	hepojen
partitive	hepuo	hepoja
illative	hepoh	hepoloih
inessive	hevošša	hepoloissa
elative	hevošta	hepoloista
adessive	hevolla	hepoloilla
ablative	hevolta	hepoloilta
translative	hevokši	hepoloiksi
essive	hepona	hepoloina
comitative	—	hepoloineh
abessive	hevotta	hepoloitta

Possessive forms of hepo
1st person	heponi
2nd person	hepoš
3rd person	hepoh
*) Possessive forms are very rare for adjectives and only used in substantivised clauses.

References

• P. Zaykov, L. Rugoyeva (1999) “hepo”, in Карельско-Русский словарь (Северно-Карельские диалекты), Petrozavodsk, →ISBN