ego

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See also: Ego, égo, égő, ego-, -ego, and его

Translingual

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Symbol

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ego

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Eggon.

See also

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English

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Etymology

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From Latin ego (“I”). Chosen by Freud’s translator as a translation of his use of German Ich as a noun for this concept from the pronoun ich (“I”). Doublet of I and Ich.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ego (countable and uncountable, plural egos)

  2. The self, especially with a sense of self-importance.
    • 1998, Eckhart Tolle, A New Earth:
      When every thought absorbs your attention completely, when you are so identified with the voice in your head and the emotions that accompany it that you lose yourself in every thought and every emotion, then you are totally identified with form and therefore in the grip of ego. Ego is a conglomeration of recurring thought forms and conditioned mental-emotional patterns that are invested with a sense of I, a sense of self.
  3. (psychology, Freudian) The most central part of the mind, which mediates with one's surroundings.
    • 1954, Calvin S. Hall, A Primer of Freudian Psychology:
      In the well adjusted person the ego is the executive of the personality and is governed by the reality principle.
    • 1991 September, Stephen Fry, chapter 1, in The Liar, London: Heinemann, →ISBN, →OCLC, section I, page 13:
      ‘Everything begins with “I”, you mean. Which is ego,’ said Tom, placing an ankle behind his ear, ‘not id.’
  4. A person's self-esteem and opinion of themselves.
    • 2024 January 10, Christian Wolmar, “A time for change? ... just as it was back in issue 262”, in RAIL, number 1000, page 60:
      My columns in the early days of the Labour government often featured John Prescott, who was in charge of transport as part of a mega-department created to match his ego.

Synonyms

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Coordinate terms

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Derived terms

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Translations

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Anagrams

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Catalan

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Latin ego. Doublet of jo.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ego m (plural egos)

  1. ego (the self)
    Synonym: jo
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Further reading

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Czech

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Latin ego (“I”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ego n

  1. ego
  2. (psychoanalysis) ego

Declension

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Declension of ego (velar neuter)
singular plural
nominative ego ega
genitive ega eg
dative egu egům
accusative ego ega
vocative ego ega
locative egu egách
instrumental egem egy

Synonyms

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See also

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Further reading

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  • “ego”, in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu (in Czech)
  • ego in Akademický slovník cizích slov, 1995, at prirucka.ujc.cas.cz

Dutch

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Etymology

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Learned borrowing from Latin egō.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈeː.ɣoː/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: ego

Noun

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ego n (plural ego's, diminutive egootje n)

  1. ego, self

Derived terms

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Anagrams

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Finnish

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Etymology

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From Latin egō (“I”).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈeɡo/, [ˈe̞ɡo̞]
  • Rhymes: -eɡo
  • Syllabification(key): e‧go

Noun

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ego

  1. ego
  2. (psychoanalysis) ego

Declension

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Inflection of ego (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)
nominative ego egot
genitive egon egojen
partitive egoa egoja
illative egoon egoihin
singular plural
nominative ego egot
accusative nom. ego egot
gen. egon
genitive egon egojen
partitive egoa egoja
inessive egossa egoissa
elative egosta egoista
illative egoon egoihin
adessive egolla egoilla
ablative egolta egoilta
allative egolle egoille
essive egona egoina
translative egoksi egoiksi
abessive egotta egoitta
instructive — egoin
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of ego (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative egoni egoni
accusative nom. egoni egoni
gen. egoni
genitive egoni egojeni
partitive egoani egojani
inessive egossani egoissani
elative egostani egoistani
illative egooni egoihini
adessive egollani egoillani
ablative egoltani egoiltani
allative egolleni egoilleni
essive egonani egoinani
translative egokseni egoikseni
abessive egottani egoittani
instructive — —
comitative — egoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative egosi egosi
accusative nom. egosi egosi
gen. egosi
genitive egosi egojesi
partitive egoasi egojasi
inessive egossasi egoissasi
elative egostasi egoistasi
illative egoosi egoihisi
adessive egollasi egoillasi
ablative egoltasi egoiltasi
allative egollesi egoillesi
essive egonasi egoinasi
translative egoksesi egoiksesi
abessive egottasi egoittasi
instructive — —
comitative — egoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative egomme egomme
accusative nom. egomme egomme
gen. egomme
genitive egomme egojemme
partitive egoamme egojamme
inessive egossamme egoissamme
elative egostamme egoistamme
illative egoomme egoihimme
adessive egollamme egoillamme
ablative egoltamme egoiltamme
allative egollemme egoillemme
essive egonamme egoinamme
translative egoksemme egoiksemme
abessive egottamme egoittamme
instructive — —
comitative — egoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative egonne egonne
accusative nom. egonne egonne
gen. egonne
genitive egonne egojenne
partitive egoanne egojanne
inessive egossanne egoissanne
elative egostanne egoistanne
illative egoonne egoihinne
adessive egollanne egoillanne
ablative egoltanne egoiltanne
allative egollenne egoillenne
essive egonanne egoinanne
translative egoksenne egoiksenne
abessive egottanne egoittanne
instructive — —
comitative — egoinenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative egonsa egonsa
accusative nom. egonsa egonsa
gen. egonsa
genitive egonsa egojensa
partitive egoaan
egoansa 		egojaan
egojansa
inessive egossaan
egossansa 		egoissaan
egoissansa
elative egostaan
egostansa 		egoistaan
egoistansa
illative egoonsa egoihinsa
adessive egollaan
egollansa 		egoillaan
egoillansa
ablative egoltaan
egoltansa 		egoiltaan
egoiltansa
allative egolleen
egollensa 		egoilleen
egoillensa
essive egonaan
egonansa 		egoinaan
egoinansa
translative egokseen
egoksensa 		egoikseen
egoiksensa
abessive egottaan
egottansa 		egoittaan
egoittansa
instructive — —
comitative — egoineen
egoinensa

Derived terms

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compounds

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Ido

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Etymology

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Borrowed from English ego, French égo, German Ego, Italian ego, Russian э́го (égo), Spanish ego. Decision no. 693, Progreso IV.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ego (invariable)

  1. ego

Derived terms

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Indonesian

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Etymology

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From Latin ego (“I”), from Proto-Italic *egō, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂. Doublet of eke.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈeɡo]
  • Hyphenation: égo

Noun

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ego (first-person possessive egoku, second-person possessive egomu, third-person possessive egonya)

  1. (psychology) ego.

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Italian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Latin ego.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ego m (invariable)

  1. ego

Further reading

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  • ego in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Anagrams

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Latin

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Proto-Italic *egō, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂. Compare Ancient Greek ἐγώ (egṓ).

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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egō̆ (first person, nominative, plural nōs)

  1. I; first person singular personal pronoun, nominative case
    • 4th century, St Jerome, Vulgate, Tobit 3:19
      et aut ego indigna fui illis aut illi mihi forsitan digni non fuerunt quia forsitan viro alio conservasti me
      And either I was unworthy of them, or they perhaps were not worthy of me: because perhaps thou hast kept me for another man

Declension

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Number Singular Plural
Person First Second Reflexive third Third First Second Reflexive third Third
Case / Gender Masc./ Fem./Neut. Masc. Fem. Neut. Masc./ Fem./Neut. Masc. Fem. Neut.
Nominative egō̆ tū — is ea id nōs vōs — eī
iī 		eae ea
Genitive meī tuī suī eius nostrī
nostrum 		vestrī
vestrum 		suī eōrum eārum eōrum
Dative mihī̆ tibī̆ sibi eī nōbīs vōbīs sibi eīs
Accusative mē tē sē
sēsē 		eum eam id nōs vōs sē
sēsē 		eōs eās ea
Ablative mē tē sē
sēsē 		eō eā eō nōbīs vōbīs sē
sēsē 		eīs
Vocative egō tū — nōs vōs —

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Sardinian: dego, deo, deu, ego, eo, eu

Reflexes of the late variant eo:

  • Balkan Romance:
    • Aromanian: iou
    • Istro-Romanian: io
    • Megleno-Romanian: io
    • Romanian: eu, io
  • Dalmatian:
  • Italo-Romance:
    • Corsican: eiu
    • Italian: io
      • → Interlingua: io
    • Gallurese: e
    • Neapolitan: io
    • Sassarese: éiu
    • Sicilian: eu
  • Padanian:
    • Friulian: jo
    • Romansch: jau
  • Gallo-Romance:
    • Catalan: jo
    • Franco-Provençal: je
    • Old French: je (see there for further descendants)
    • Gascon: jo
    • Old Occitan: eu, ieu, ie (before an enclitic)
  • Ibero-Romance:
    • Aragonese: yo
    • Old Leonese: [Term?]
      • Asturian: yo
      • Extremaduran: yo
      • Leonese: you
      • Mirandese: you
    • Old Galician-Portuguese: eu (see there for further descendants)
      • Galician: eu
      • Portuguese: eu
    • Old Spanish: yo (see there for further descendants)

Borrowings:

  • → Catalan: ego
  • → Dutch: ego
  • → English: ego
  • → French: ego
  • → Galician: ego
  • → German: Ego
  • → Italian: ego
  • → Portuguese: ego
  • → Spanish: ego

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Latin personal pronouns together with the possessive and reflexive pronouns
Number Person Gender Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative Possessive
Singular First — ego meī mihi mē meus, -a, -um
Second — tū tuī tibi tē tuus, -a, -um
Reflexive third — — suī sibi sē, sēsē suus, -a, -um
Third Masculine is ēius eī eum eō ēius
Feminine ea eam eā
Neuter id id eō
Plural First — nōs nostrī, nostrum nōbīs nōs nōbīs noster, -tra,
-trum
Second — vōs vestrī, vestrum vōbīs vōs vōbīs vester, -tra,
-trum
Reflexive third — — suī sibi sē, sēsē suus, -a, -um
Third Masculine eī, iī eōrum eīs eōs eīs eōrum
Feminine eae eārum eās eārum
Neuter ea eōrum ea eōrum

References

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  • “ego”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “ego”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • ego in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • ego in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to be hardly able to restrain one's tears: vix me contineo quin lacrimem
    • I cannot sleep for anxiety: curae somnum mihi adimunt, dormire me non sinunt
    • I'm undone! it's all up with me: perii! actum est de me! (Ter. Ad. 3. 2. 26)
    • I was induced by several considerations to..: multae causae me impulerunt ad aliquid or ut...
    • I console myself with..: hoc (illo) solacio me consōlor
    • I console myself with..: haec (illa) res me consolatur
    • (great) advantage accrues to me from this: fructus ex hac re redundant in or ad me
    • I will refuse you nothing: nihil tibi a me postulanti recusabo
    • I express my approval of a thing: res a me probatur
    • as far as I can guess: quantum ego coniectura assequor, auguror
    • if I am not mistaken: nisi (animus) me fallit
    • unless I'm greatly mistaken: nisi omnia me fallunt
    • I am not unaware: me non fugit, praeterit
    • I cannot bring myself to..: a me impetrare non possum, ut
    • I forget something: oblivio alicuius rei me capit
    • experience has taught me: usus me docuit
    • this goes to prove what I say: hoc est a (pro) me
    • the matter speaks for itself: res ipsa (pro me apud te) loquitur
    • something harasses me, makes me anxious: aliquid me sollicitat, me sollicitum habet, mihi sollicitudini est, mihi sollicitudinem affert
    • I am discontented with my lot: fortunae meae me paenitet
    • I am not dissatisfied with my progress: non me paenitet, quantum profecerim
    • what will become of me: quid (de) me fiet? (Ter. Heaut. 4. 3. 37)
    • it's all over with me; I'm a lost man: actum est de me
    • I have great hopes that..: magna me spes tenet (with Acc. c. Inf.) (Tusc. 1. 41. 97)
    • hope has played me false: spes me frustratur
    • I have received a legacy from a person: hereditas ad me or mihi venit ab aliquo (Verr. 2. 1. 10)
    • I have no objection: per me licet
    • (ambiguous) to be burned to ashes: incendio deleri, absūmi
    • (ambiguous) to be carried off by a disease: morbo absūmi (Sall. Iug. 5. 6)
    • (ambiguous) to die a natural death: morbo perire, absūmi, consūmi
    • (ambiguous) according to my strong conviction: ex animi mei sententia (vid. sect. XI. 2)
    • (ambiguous) I put myself at your disposal as regards advice: consilii mei copiam facio tibi
    • (ambiguous) my dear father: pater optime or carissime, mi pater (vid. sect. XII. 10)
    • (ambiguous) I swear on my conscience: ex animi mei sententia iuro

Latvian

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Noun

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ego m (invariable)

  1. ego

Noun

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ego m (invariable)

  1. eglantine

Synonyms

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Polish

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Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl

Etymology

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Learned borrowing from Latin egō̆. Doublet of ja.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ego n (indeclinable)

  1. (psychoanalysis) ego (most central part of the mind which mediates with one's surroundings)
    Coordinate terms: id, superego

Further reading

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  • ego in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • ego in Polish dictionaries at PWN
  • ego in PWN's encyclopedia

Portuguese

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Etymology

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Learned borrowing from Latin ego (“I”). Doublet of eu.

Pronunciation

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  • Rhymes: -ɛɡu
  • Hyphenation: e‧go

Noun

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ego m (plural egos)

  1. ego (the self)
  2. (psychology) ego (most central part of the mind)

Derived terms

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Serbo-Croatian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Latin ego.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /êːɡo/
  • Hyphenation: e‧go

Noun

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ȇgo m (Cyrillic spelling е̑го)

  1. ego

Declension

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Declension of ego
singular plural
nominative ȇgo ega
genitive ȇga ega
dative egu egima
accusative ego ega
vocative ego ega
locative egu egima
instrumental egom egima

Spanish

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Latin ego (“I”). Doublet of yo.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈeɡo/ [ˈe.ɣ̞o]
  • Rhymes: -eɡo
  • Syllabification: e‧go

Noun

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ego m (plural egos)

  1. ego
    Synonym: yo
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Further reading

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Turkish

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Etymology

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From Latin ego (“I”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ego (definite accusative egou, plural egolar)

  1. ego (the self, especially with a sense of self-importance)
  2. (psychoanalysis) ego
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