dust
English
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle English dust, doust, from Old English dūst (“dust, dried earth reduced to powder; other dry material reduced to powder”), from the fusion of Proto-Germanic *dustą (“dust”) and *dunstą (“mist, dust, evaporation”), both from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke, raise dust”).
Cognate with Scots dust, dist (“dust”), Dutch duist (“pollen, dust”) and dons (“down, fuzz”), German Dust (“dust”) and Dunst (“haze”), Swedish dust (“dust”), Icelandic dust (“dust”), Latin fūmus (“smoke, steam”). Also related to Swedish dun (“down, fluff”), Icelandic dúnn (“down, fluff”). See down.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]dust (countable and uncountable, plural dusts)
- Fine particles.
- (uncountable) Fine, dry particles of matter found in the air and covering the surface of objects, typically consisting of soil lifted up by the wind, pollen, hair, etc.
- 2022 September 7, “East-West track laying heads westwards”, in RAIL, number 965, page 37, photo caption:
- There is so much dust released during the process of laying ballast that the trackside operator wears a full face mask with respirator.
- (uncountable) Any substance reduced to fine particles; powder.
- (uncountable, astronomy) Submicron particles in outer space, largely silicates and carbon compounds, that contribute greatly to extinction at visible wavelengths.
- 2020 June 29, Paun Rincon, “Betelgeuse: Nearby ‘supernova’ star’s dimming explained”, in BBC News:
- Astronomers have previously considered that dust produced by the star was obscuring it, causing the steep decline in brightness.
- (uncountable, Australia, slang, dated) Flour.
- (countable, obsolete) A single fine, dry particle of earth or other material; grain of dust.
- 1595 December 9 (first known performance), William Shakespeare, “The life and death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iii]:
- to touch a dust of England’s ground
- (uncountable) Fine, dry particles of matter found in the air and covering the surface of objects, typically consisting of soil lifted up by the wind, pollen, hair, etc.
- (countable) The act of cleaning by dusting.
- 2010, Joan Busfield, Michael Paddon, Thinking About Children: Sociology and Fertility in Post-War England, page 150:
- […] once they start school, I mean you can do a room out one day, the next day it only needs a dust, doesn’t it?
- (countable) The act of sprinkling dust, or a sprinkle of dust itself.
- (poetic) Earth, ground, soil, sediment.
- 1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, Canto XXXV, page 54:
- But I should turn mine ears and hear
The moanings of the homeless sea,
The sound of streams that swift or slow
Draw down Æonian hills, and sow
The dust of continents to be; […]
- The earth as the resting place of the dead.
- 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Job 7:21:
- For now shall I sleep in the dust.
- The earthy remains of bodies once alive; the remains of the human body.
- 1833 (date written), Alfred Tennyson, “St. Simeon Stylites”, in Poems. […], volume II, London: Edward Moxon, […], published 1842, →OCLC, page 62:
- For I will leave my relics in your land, / And you may carve a shrine about my dust, / And burn a fragrant lamp before my bones, / When I am gather’d to the glorious saints.
- (figurative) The substance of the human body or mortal frame.
- (figurative) Something worthless.
- c. 1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life and Death of King Iohn”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:
- And by the merit of vile gold, dross, dust.
- (figurative) A low or mean condition.
- 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Samuel 2:8:
- [God] raiseth up the poor out of the dust.
- (British, colloquial) Rubbish, garbage, refuse.
- (slang, dated) cash; money (in reference to gold dust).
- 1852, George Colvocoresses, Four Years in a Government Exploring Expedition:
- ‘And what do you ask for it?’ ‘Fifteen thousand dollars.’ ‘I’ll take it.’ ‘Then down with the dust.’
- (countable) A cloud of dust.
- (countable, figurative) A tumult, disturbance, commotion, uproar.
- to raise, or kick up, a dust
- (countable, colloquial) A fight or row.
- (countable, mathematics) A totally disconnected set of points with a fractal structure.
- (cryptocurrencies) Tiny amounts of cryptocurrency left over after a transaction due to rounding error.
Derived terms
[edit]- angel dust
- antidust
- Asian dust
- bark dust
- beat the dust
- bedust
- bite the dust
- brake dust
- bread dust
- bull dust, bulldust
- bust the dust
- Cantor dust
- catch dust
- coal dust
- coaldust
- collect dust
- come down with one's dust
- come down with the dust
- copple dust
- cosmic dust
- cupel-dust
- devil's dust
- dhobi dust
- diamond dust
- down with one's dust
- down with the dust
- dry as dust
- dust bag
- dustball
- dustbath, dust bath
- dustbathe
- dustbin, dust bin
- Dust Bowl
- dustbowl, dust bowl
- dust box
- dust-brand
- dustbrush
- dust bunny
- dust buster
- dust cap
- dustcart
- dust cart
- dust cloth
- dustcloud
- dustcoat
- dust-collector
- dust-colored, dust-coloured
- dust contractor
- dustcover
- dust cover
- dust devil
- dust filter
- dust-free, dustfree
- dust heap of history
- dust hole, dusthole
- dust jacket
- dust kitten
- dust kitty
- dustless
- dustlike
- dustman
- dust mask
- dust mite
- dustmote
- dust mouse
- dust-off
- dust-out
- dustpan
- dustpile
- dustproof
- dust-ridden
- dust ruffle
- dust settles
- dustsheet
- dust shot
- dust storm
- duststorm
- dust trap
- dust-up
- dustwoman
- dustwrapper
- dusty
- eat my dust
- eat someone's dust
- eraser dust
- extraterrestrial dust
- fairy dust
- feather-dust
- fig-dust
- fugitive dust
- gather dust
- gold dust
- gold-dust
- goofer dust
- jack-of-the-dust
- kick up dust
- kiss the dust
- lay the dust
- leave for dust
- leave someone in the dust
- lick the dust
- magic dust
- make the dust fly
- malt dust
- milldust
- monkey dust
- nanodust
- nondust
- not see someone for dust
- pixie dust
- return to dust
- sawdust
- shake off the dust from one's feet
- shake the dust from one's feet
- shake the dust from one's sandals
- sleepy-dust
- sleepy dust
- small rain lays great dust
- smart dust, smartdust
- smelter dust
- space dust
- stardust
- termination dust
- the dust settles
- throw dust in someone's eyes
- tobacco dust juice
- turn to dust
- van Stockum dust
- whoofle dust, woofle dust
- zodiacal dust
Descendants
[edit]- → Russian: дуст (dust)
Translations
[edit]
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Verb
[edit]dust (third-person singular simple present dusts, present participle dusting, simple past and past participle dusted)
- (transitive) To remove dust from.
- The cleaning lady needs a stool to dust the cupboard.
- 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:
- There were many wooden chairs for the bulk of his visitors, and two wicker armchairs with red cloth cushions for superior people. From the packing-cases had emerged some Indian clubs, […], and all these articles […] made a scattered and untidy decoration that Mrs. Clough assiduously dusted and greatly cherished.
- (intransitive) To remove dust; to clean by removing dust.
- Dusting always makes me cough.
- (transitive, archaic) To make dusty, to soil with dust.
- (intransitive or reflexive) Of a bird, to cover itself in sand or dry, dusty earth.
- (transitive) To spray or cover (something) with fine powder or liquid, to sprinkle.
- The mother dusted her baby’s bum with talcum powder.
- (transitive) To sprinkle (a substance) in the form of dust.
- (intransitive, chiefly US slang) To leave quickly; to rush off.
- 1939, Raymond Chandler, The Big Sleep, Penguin, published 2011, page 75:
- He added in a casual tone: ‘The girl can dust. I’d like to talk to you a little, soldier.’
- (transitive, obsolete) To drink up quickly; to toss off.
- (transitive, obsolete) To reduce to a fine powder; to pulverize, to levigate.
- 1667, Thomas Sprat, History of the Royal Society of London:
- good Powder differs from bad […] in having more Peter and less Coal; and lastly, in the well dusting of it
- (transitive, now colloquial or dialectal) To strike, beat, thrash.
- (transitive, chiefly US slang) To defeat badly, to thrash.
- (transitive, chiefly US slang) To kill.
- 1984, The Terminator, spoken by Kyle Reese (Michael Biehn), Los Angeles, Calif.: Orion Pictures; distributed by MGM Home Entertainment, published 1984:
- Kyle Reese: You have to be careful because the [Hunter-Killer robots] use infrared. They’re not too bright. John taught us ways to dust them.
- (transitive, baseball) To deliberately pitch a ball close to (a batter); to brush back.
- (cryptocurrencies) To attempt to identify the owner of (a cryptocurrency wallet) by sending tiny amounts of cryptocurrency.
Derived terms
[edit]Translations
[edit]
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
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See also
[edit]Anagrams
[edit]Faroese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Noun
[edit]dust n (genitive singular dusts, uncountable)
Declension
[edit]Declension of dust (singular only) | ||
---|---|---|
n3s | singular | |
indefinite | definite | |
nominative | dust | dustið |
accusative | dust | dustið |
dative | dusti | dustinum |
genitive | dusts | dustsins |
Icelandic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]dust n (genitive singular dusts, no plural)
Declension
[edit]Middle English
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Forms with a long vowel are from Old English dūst, from Proto-Germanic *dunstą. Forms with a short vowel are from Old English *dust, from Proto-Germanic *dustą.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]dust (uncountable)
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- “dū̆st, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-04-04.
Norwegian Bokmål
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Back-formation of dustet, from Old Norse dust (dust particle)
Noun
[edit]dust m (definite singular dusten, indefinite plural duster, definite plural dustene)
- (derogatory) dork, moron, fool
Synonyms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Noun
[edit]dust f or m (definite singular dusta or dusten, indefinite plural duster, definite plural dustene)
- dust (fine, dry particles)
References
[edit]- “dust” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Old Norse dust (dust particle), compare with dustete.
Noun
[edit]dust m (definite singular dusten, indefinite plural dustar, definite plural dustane)
- (derogatory) dork, moron, fool
Synonyms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Noun
[edit]dust f (definite singular dusta, indefinite plural duster, definite plural dustene)
- dust (fine, dry particles)
References
[edit]- “dust” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old English
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Germanic *dunstą (“dust, vapour”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰew- (“vapour, smoke”). Akin to Hindi धुआं (dhuā̃, “smoke”), Middle Dutch dost, donst, duust (Dutch dons, duist), Old High German tunst, dunst (German Dunst), Low German dust, Icelandic dust, Norwegian dust, Danish dyst.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]dūst n
Declension
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Old Norse
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Germanic *dustą.
Noun
[edit]dust n
- dust particle
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- “dust”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Scottish Gaelic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]dust m (genitive singular dust, no plural)
Usage notes
[edit]- Also used figuratively for corpse.
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Swedish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Swedish dust, duster, diost, from Middle Low German dust, diost, from Old French joste, juste, from Latin juxta. Cognate of Danish dyst, French joute.
Noun
[edit]dust c
- a joust
- (figuratively) a (minor) verbal or physical confrontation, a bout, a tussle, a run-in
Declension
[edit]Declension of dust | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | dust | dusten | duster | dusterna |
Genitive | dusts | dustens | dusters | dusternas |
References
[edit]- dust in Svensk ordbok (SO)
- dust in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
- dust in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
- dust in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)
Zazaki
[edit]Noun
[edit]dust
- side; one half (left or right, top or bottom, front or back, etc.) of something or someone.
- to level
Derived terms
[edit]- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰewh₂-
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms inherited from Old English
- English terms derived from Old English
- English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- Rhymes:English/ʌst
- Rhymes:English/ʌst/1 syllable
- English terms with homophones
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English uncountable nouns
- English countable nouns
- English terms with quotations
- en:Astronomy
- Australian English
- English slang
- English dated terms
- English terms with obsolete senses
- English poetic terms
- British English
- English colloquialisms
- English terms with usage examples
- en:Mathematics
- en:Cryptocurrency
- English verbs
- English transitive verbs
- English intransitive verbs
- English terms with archaic senses
- English reflexive verbs
- American English
- English dialectal terms
- en:Baseball
- en:Hygiene
- English contranyms
- Faroese terms inherited from Old Norse
- Faroese terms derived from Old Norse
- Faroese lemmas
- Faroese nouns
- Faroese neuter nouns
- Faroese uncountable nouns
- Icelandic terms inherited from Old Norse
- Icelandic terms derived from Old Norse
- Icelandic 1-syllable words
- Icelandic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Icelandic/ʏst
- Rhymes:Icelandic/ʏst/1 syllable
- Icelandic lemmas
- Icelandic nouns
- Icelandic neuter nouns
- Icelandic uncountable nouns
- Middle English terms inherited from Old English
- Middle English terms derived from Old English
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English nouns
- Middle English uncountable nouns
- enm:Hygiene
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Old Norse
- Norwegian Bokmål lemmas
- Norwegian Bokmål nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål masculine nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål derogatory terms
- Norwegian Bokmål feminine nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål nouns with multiple genders
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Old Norse
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk masculine nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk derogatory terms
- Norwegian Nynorsk feminine nouns
- Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰew-
- Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old English lemmas
- Old English nouns
- Old English neuter nouns
- Old English neuter a-stem nouns
- Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Norse lemmas
- Old Norse nouns
- Old Norse neuter nouns
- Scottish Gaelic terms borrowed from English
- Scottish Gaelic terms derived from English
- Scottish Gaelic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Scottish Gaelic lemmas
- Scottish Gaelic nouns
- Scottish Gaelic masculine nouns
- Swedish terms inherited from Old Swedish
- Swedish terms derived from Old Swedish
- Swedish terms derived from Middle Low German
- Swedish terms derived from Old French
- Swedish terms derived from Latin
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish nouns
- Swedish common-gender nouns
- Zazaki lemmas
- Zazaki nouns