coudre

Champenois

Noun

coudre

1. (Auve) elbow

References

• Tarbé, Prosper (1851) Recherches sur l'histoire du langage et des patois de Champagne‎^[1] (in French), volume 1, Reims, page 109

French

Etymology

Inherited from Old French coudre, cosdre, from Vulgar Latin *cōsere, from Latin cōnsuere.

The original Old French infinitive was *co(u)sre, where -d- was inserted as a gliding sound. The preconsonantal -s- then became silent, in this case dropping from the spelling relatively early on. The d-spellings in the present tense are merely analogical (for expected je cous, il cout).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kudʁ/

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

coudre

1. to sew
2. to mend

Conjugation

This verb is conjugated like rendre, except that its stem is coud- in only part of the conjugation. Before endings that begin with vowels, the stem cous- (with a /-z-/ sound) is used instead; for example, nous cousons, not *nous coudons.

Conjugation of coudre (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	coudre
	compound	avoir past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	cousant /ku.zɑ̃/
	compound	ayant past participle
past participle		cousu /ku.zy/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	couds /ku/	couds /ku/	coud /ku/	cousons /ku.zɔ̃/	cousez /ku.ze/	cousent /kuz/
	imperfect	cousais /ku.zɛ/	cousais /ku.zɛ/	cousait /ku.zɛ/	cousions /ku.zjɔ̃/	cousiez /ku.zje/	cousaient /ku.zɛ/
	past historic2	cousis /ku.zi/	cousis /ku.zi/	cousit /ku.zi/	cousîmes /ku.zim/	cousîtes /ku.zit/	cousirent /ku.ziʁ/
	future	coudrai /ku.dʁe/	coudras /ku.dʁa/	coudra /ku.dʁa/	coudrons /ku.dʁɔ̃/	coudrez /ku.dʁe/	coudront /ku.dʁɔ̃/
	conditional	coudrais /ku.dʁɛ/	coudrais /ku.dʁɛ/	coudrait /ku.dʁɛ/	coudrions /ku.dʁi.jɔ̃/	coudriez /ku.dʁi.je/	coudraient /ku.dʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	couse /kuz/	couses /kuz/	couse /kuz/	cousions /ku.zjɔ̃/	cousiez /ku.zje/	cousent /kuz/
	imperfect2	cousisse /ku.zis/	cousisses /ku.zis/	cousît /ku.zi/	cousissions /ku.zi.sjɔ̃/	cousissiez /ku.zi.sje/	cousissent /ku.zis/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	couds /ku/	—	cousons /ku.zɔ̃/	cousez /ku.ze/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir past participle	simple imperative of avoir past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

• cousu de fil blanc
• dé à coudre
• découdre
• machine à coudre
• motus et bouche cousue
• recoudre

Descendants

• → Esperanto: kudri

Further reading

• “coudre”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Anagrams

• couder

Old French

Verb

coudre

1. Alternative form of cosdre

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb has a distinct stressed present stem, as well as other irregularities. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of coudre (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)

		simple			compound
infinitive		coudre			avoir cousu
gerund		en cousant			gerund of avoir past participle
present participle		cousant
past participle		cousu
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	il	nos	vos	il
simple tenses	present	keus	keus	keust	cousons	cousez	keusent
	imperfect	cousoie, couseie	cousoies, couseies	cousoit, couseit	cousiiens, cousiens	cousiiez, cousiez	cousoient, couseient
	preterite	cousi	cousis	cousié	cousimes	cousistes	cousierent
	future	coudrai	coudras	coudra	coudrons	coudroiz, coudreiz, coudrez	coudront
	conditional	coudroie, coudreie	coudroies, coudreies	coudroit, coudreit	coudriiens, coudriens	coudriiez, coudriez	coudroient, coudreient
compound tenses	present perfect	present tense of avoir past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect tense of avoir past participle
	past anterior	preterite tense of avoir past participle
	future perfect	future tense of avoir past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional tense of avoir past participle
subjunctive		que jo	que tu	qu’il	que nos	que vos	qu’il
simple tenses	present	keuse	keuses	keuse	cousons	cousez	keusent
	imperfect	cousisse	cousisses	cousist	cousissons, cousissiens	cousissoiz, cousissez, cousissiez	cousissent
compound tenses	past	present subjunctive of avoir past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
		—	keus	—	cousons	cousez	—

References

• “Appendix E: Irregular Verbs” in E. Einhorn (1974), Old French: A Concise Handbook, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 151