cell
English
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Middle English celle, selle, from Old English cell (attested in inflected forms), from Latin cella (“chamber, small room, compartment”), later reinforced by Old French cel, sele, Old French cele. ultimately from Proto-Italic *kelnā, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱelneh₂, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover”). Doublet of cella and hall.
Noun
[edit]cell (plural cells)
- A single-room dwelling for a hermit. [from 10th c.]
- 1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book VI, Canto VI”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:
- So, taking them apart into his cell, / He to that point fit speaches gan to frame […].
- 1764, Horace Walpole, The Castle of Otranto, section IV:
- For three days he and his attendants had wandered in the forest without seeing a human form: but on the evening of the third they came to a cell, in which they found a venerable hermit in the agonies of death.
- (now historical) A small monastery or nunnery dependent on a larger religious establishment. [from 11th c.]
- A small room in a monastery or nunnery accommodating one person. [from 14th c.]
- Gregor Mendel must have spent a good amount of time outside of his cell.
- 2002, Jennifer Worth, Call the Midwife, Phoenix (2012), page 315:
- A nunʼs bedroom is properly called a cell and is small, bare, and plain, without comfort.
- A room in a prison or jail for one or more inmates. [from 18th c.]
- Synonym: prison cell
- The combatants spent the night in separate cells.
- Each of the small hexagonal compartments in a honeycomb. [from 14th c.]
- (biology, now chiefly botany) Any of various chambers in a tissue or organism having specific functions. [from 14th c.]
- 1858, Asa Gray, Introduction to Structural and Systematic Botany, fifth edition, p. 282:
- Each of the two cells or lobes of the anther is marked with a lateral line or furrow, running from top to bottom […].
- (entomology) The discal cell of the wing of a lepidopteran insect.
- (obsolete) Specifically, any of the supposed compartments of the brain, formerly thought to be the source of specific mental capacities, knowledge, or memories. [14th–19th c.]
- 1782–1785, William Cowper, “(please specify the page)”, in The Task, a Poem, […], London: […] J[oseph] Johnson; […], →OCLC:
- How soft the music of those village bells / […] With easy force it opens all the cells / Where mem'ry slept.
- 1794, Mary Wollstonecraft, An Historical and Moral View of the Origin and Progress of the French Revolution:
- [W]e shall feel still more contempt for the order of men, who cultivated their faculties, only to enable them to consolidate their power, by leading the ignorant astray; making the learning they concentrated in their cells, a more polished instrument of oppression.
- 1890, Oscar Wilde, chapter XVI, in The Picture of Dorian Gray:
- From cell to cell of his brain crept the one thought; and the wild desire to live, most terrible of all man's appetites, quickened into force each trembling nerve and fibre.
- A section or compartment of a larger structure. [from 16th c.]
- (obsolete, chiefly literary) Any small dwelling; a remote nook, a den. [16th–19th c.]
- 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 12, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:
- Thou seest but the order and policie of this little Cell [translating caveau] wherein thou art placed […].
- 1810, Walter Scott, “Canto II. The Island.”, in The Lady of the Lake; […], Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne and Co.] for John Ballantyne and Co.; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, and William Miller, →OCLC, (please specify the stanza number):
- Not long shall honour'd Douglas dwell, / Like hunted stag, in mountain-cell […].
- A device which stores electrical power; used either singly or together in batteries; the basic unit of a battery. [from 19th c.]
- This MP3 player runs on 2 AAA cells.
- (biology) The basic unit of a living organism, consisting of a quantity of protoplasm surrounded by a cell membrane, which is able to synthesize proteins and replicate itself. [from 19th c.]
- 1999 February 15, Paul Brown, Dave King, The Guardian:
- An American company has applied to experiment in Britain on Parkinson's disease sufferers by injecting their brains with cells from pigs.
- 2011, Terence Allen, Graham Cowling, The Cell: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford, page 3:
- In multicellular organisms, groups of cells form tissues and tissues come together to form organs.
- (meteorology) A small thunderstorm, caused by convection, that forms ahead of a storm front. [from 20th c.]
- There is a powerful storm cell headed our way.
- (cellular automata) The minimal unit of a cellular automaton that can change state and has an associated behavior. [from 20th c.]
- The upper right cell always starts with the color green.
- 2010 March 10, Jean H., “What is CA for?”, in comp.theory.cell-automata[2] (Usenet):
- It is used for land-use change simulations, where the content of the cells surrounding a central cell defines how this cell is going to evolve (for example, a cell that is "agriculture" but has 3 urban neighbors will likely become urban, while if it is surrounded by forest or other agriculture cells, it will remain agriculture.)
- (card games) In FreeCell-type games, a space where one card can be placed.
- A small group of people forming part of a larger organization, often an outlawed one. [from 20th c.]
- Those three fellows are the local cell of that organization.
- 2008, BioWare, Mass Effect, Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Salarians: Special Tasks Group Codex entry:
- Salarian intelligence field agents are grouped into an organization called the Special Tasks Group. STG operators work in independent cells, performing dangerous missions such as counter-terrorism, infiltration, reconnaissance, assassination, and sabotage.
- (communication) A short, fixed-length packet, as in asynchronous transfer mode. [from 20th c.]
- Virtual Channel number 5 received 170 cells.
- (communication) A region of radio reception that is a part of a larger radio network.
- I get good reception in my home because it is near a cell tower.
- (geometry) A three-dimensional facet of a polytope.
- (statistics) The unit in a statistical array (a spreadsheet, for example) where a row and a column intersect.
- (architecture) The space between the ribs of a vaulted roof.
- (architecture) A cella.
- (entomology) An area of an insect wing bounded by veins.
Usage notes
[edit]In the sense of an electrical device, "cell" is the technically correct name for a single unit of battery-type power storage, whereas a battery is a device comprising multiple of them, though it is often used for simple cells.
Quotations
[edit]- For quotations using this term, see Citations:cell.
Synonyms
[edit]- See also Thesaurus:cell
Hyponyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- 120-cell
- 16-cell
- 24-cell
- 57-cell
- 5-cell
- 600-cell
- 8-cell
- absorption cell
- air cell
- alpha cell
- angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma
- antigen-presenting cell
- APUD cell
- attocell
- band cell
- barycell
- basal cell
- basal cell carcinoma
- basket cell
- battery cell
- B-cell
- B cell
- Bénard cell
- beta cell
- Betz cell
- biological fuel cell
- bipolar cell
- bite cell
- black queen cell virus
- blast cell
- blister cell
- blood cell
- blood-cell
- brain cell
- brood cell
- bulliform cell
- bulliform cell
- Bunsen cell
- burr cell
- button cell
- cancer cell
- caudodorsal cell hormone
- cell-adhesion molecule
- cell adhesion molecule
- cell block
- cellblock
- cell body
- cellbound
- cellco
- cell count
- cell cycle
- cell death
- cell division
- cell-free
- cellful
- cell group
- cellhouse
- cell house
- cellie
- celliferous
- celliform
- cellless
- cell line
- cellmate
- cell-mediated immune response
- cell-mediated immunity
- cell membrane
- cell nucleus
- cell of Deiters
- cellome
- cell-phone
- cell phone lot
- cell plate
- cell sap
- cell shading
- cellspot
- cell theory
- cell therapy
- cell type
- cell up
- cell wall
- cell-wall
- cellwide
- cellwise
- cellwork
- celly
- cell yell
- character cell
- chemical cell
- chief cell
- Chinese hamster ovary cell
- chloragogen cell
- CHO cell
- Clara cell
- Clark cell
- club cell
- coin cell
- companion cell
- concentration cell
- cone cell
- cons cell
- convection cell
- counting cell hemocytometer
- crowfoot cell
- cytolytic T cell
- cytotoxic T cell
- Daniell cell
- daughter cell
- Deiters' cell
- delta cell
- dendritic cell
- detention cell
- diamond anvil cell
- diaphragm cell
- diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
- Downey cell
- Downs cell
- dry cell
- dry cell battery
- egg cell
- electrochemical cell
- enzymatic fuel cell
- fat cell
- femtocell
- Ferrata cell
- flame cell
- flow cell
- foam cell
- follicular dendritic cell
- free cell formation
- fuel cell
- fuel cell vehicle
- galvanic cell
- geocell
- germ cell
- glial cell
- glue cell
- goblet cell
- grand 600-cell
- grandmother cell
- granular cell tumor
- granule cell
- grape cell
- gravity cell
- grid cell
- Grove cell
- guard cell
- Hadley cell
- hair cell
- hairy cell
- half-cell
- half cell
- Hargreaves-Bird cell
- HeLa cell
- helper T cell
- hematopoietic cell
- holding cell
- Hooker cell
- host cell
- hot cell
- hypercell
- inner cell mass
- intercell
- intracell
- intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell
- IT cell
- jail cell
- Jurkat cell
- k-cell
- Kenyon cell
- Kerr cell
- killer T cell
- Kupffer cell
- Langerhans cell
- lasso cell
- Leclanché cell
- Leydig cell
- light green cell hormone
- load cell
- local cell
- macrocell
- macroglial cell
- mast cell
- mastoid cell
- megaspore mother cell
- melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cell
- memory B cell
- memory cell
- memory T cell
- Merkel cell
- Merkel-Ranvier cell
- metacell
- Mexican hat cell
- microbial fuel cell
- microcell
- mid cell
- midcell
- midget cell
- minicell
- mitral cell
- morula cell
- mossy cell
- mother cell
- Mott cell
- multicell
- myeloid cell
- nanocell
- natural killer cell
- nerve cell
- nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome
- nevoid basal-cell carcinoma syndrome
- noncell
- oat cell
- obcell
- padded cell
- Paget cell
- palisade cell
- Paneth cell
- parasol cell
- parietal cell
- pavement cell
- photo-cell
- photocell
- photoconductive cell
- photoelectric cell
- photoemissive cell
- photosensitive retinal ganglion cell
- photovoltaic cell
- picocell
- place cell
- plasma cell
- PMN cell
- polycell
- precell
- prickle cell
- primary cell wall
- prison cell
- progenitor cell
- programmed cell death
- protocell
- pseudocell
- Purkinje cell
- pyramidal cell
- queen cell
- radial glial cell
- red blood cell
- red blood cell cast
- red cell
- Reed-Sternberg cell
- renal cell carcinoma
- Renshaw cell
- rod cell
- satellite cell
- Schwann cell
- secondary cell wall
- selenium cell
- semicell
- sensel
- Sertoli cell
- sex cell
- sickle cell
- sickle-cell anaemia
- sickle cell anaemia
- sickle-cell anemia
- sickle-cell disease
- sickle cell trait
- sickle cell trait
- sieve cell
- single-celling
- skin cell
- sleeper cell
- small-cell carcinoma
- small-cell carcinoma
- smudge cell
- solar cell
- somatic cell
- somatic cell nuclear transfer
- sperm cell
- spindle cell
- spur cell
- stab cell
- stellate cell
- stem-cell
- stem cell
- storage cell
- strip cell
- subcell
- supercell
- supergranulation cell
- target cell
- T cell
- T-cell
- terror cell
- T helper cell
- tracheid cell
- trophic cell
- Türk cell
- unicell
- unit cell
- vegetative cell
- Virchow's cell
- virocell
- voltaic cell
- Vorce cell
- Voronoi cell
- Walthard cell rest
- water cell
- Weston cell
- wet cell
- white blood cell
- white cell
- white-cell
- Wigner-Seitz cell
- zombie cell
Related terms
[edit]Translations
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Verb
[edit]cell (third-person singular simple present cells, present participle celling, simple past and past participle celled)
- (transitive) To place or enclose in a cell.
- 1586, William Warner, Albion's England:
- Myself a recluse from the world, And celled under ground, Lest that the gould, the precious stones, And pleasures, here be found
Etymology 2
[edit]Ellipsis of cell phone, itself a clipping of cellular phone, from cellular phone.
Noun
[edit]cell (plural cells)
- (US, New Zealand, Australia, Philippines, informal) A cellular phone.
Usage notes
[edit]- Widely used attributively.
Translations
[edit]
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Further reading
[edit]- “cell”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
- “cell”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
- “cell”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
Cell in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)
Dutch
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Clipping of cellulair or borrowed directly from English cell.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]cell m (plural cells, diminutive celltje n)
- (Suriname, colloquial) cellular phone, mobile phone.
- 2001, Alex van Stipriaan, “Contact! Marrons en de transport- en communicatierevolutie in het Surinaamse binnenland [Contact! Maroons and the transport and communication revolution in Suriname's hinterland]”, in OSO. Tijdschrift voor Surinaamse taalkunde, letterkunde en geschiedenis[4], page 41:
- Door de ‘cell’ is het mogelijk de banden met verwanten elders innig te houden of zelfs te herstellen.
- The mobile phone makes it possible to keep close ties with relatives elsewhere or even to restore them.
Derived terms
[edit]French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Clipping of cellulaire; influenced by North American English cell
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]cell m (plural cells)
- (Quebec, colloquial) cellular phone, mobile phone; clipping of téléphone cellulaire.
- Synonyms: portable, téléphone portable, téléphone cellulaire, cellulaire, téléphone mobile, mobile
Middle English
[edit]Noun
[edit]cell
- Alternative form of celle
Old Irish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]cell f
Inflection
[edit]Feminine ā-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | cellL | ceillL, cill | cellaH |
Vocative | cellL | ceillL, cill | cellaH |
Accusative | ceillN, cill | ceillL, cill | cellaH |
Genitive | cilleH | cellL | cellN |
Dative | ceillL, cill | cellaib | cellaib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
|
Descendants
[edit]Mutation
[edit]Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
cell | chell | cell pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/ |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References
[edit]- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “cell”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Swedish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Audio: (file)
Noun
[edit]cell c
- cell; a room in a prison.
- Cell; a room in a monastery for sleeping one person.
- Cell; a small group of people forming part of a larger organization.
- (biology) Cell; the basic unit of a living organism.
- (biology) Cell; a cavity in a structure such as a honeycomb.
- (computing) Cell; a minimal unit of a cellular automaton.
Declension
[edit]Declension of cell | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | cell | cellen | celler | cellerna |
Genitive | cells | cellens | cellers | cellernas |
Derived terms
[edit]- blodcell
- bränslecell
- cancercell
- cellandning
- cellbildning
- cellbiologi
- celldelning
- celldöd
- cellforskning
- cellfängelse
- cellfönster
- cellförändring
- cellgift
- cellgiftsbehandling
- cellgummi
- cellkamrat
- cellklump
- cellkärna
- cellmembran
- cellplast
- cellprov
- cellskräck
- cellstoff
- celltyp
- cellull
- cellvägg
- cellvävnad
- cellära
- dödscell
- ensamcell
- epitelcell
- fettcell
- fotocell
- fyllecell
- fångcell
- fängelsecell
- gangliecell
- gliacell
- hancell
- hjärncell
- honcell
- hudcell
- isoleringscell
- jästcell
- kerrcell
- klostercell
- kroppscell
- könscell
- levercell
- lyocell
- mastcell
- minnescell
- modercell
- munkcell
- muskelcell
- mördarcell
- nervcell
- nässelcell
- selencell
- sinnescell
- solcell
- stamcell
- syncell
- sädescell
- terrorcell
- terroristcell
- tillnyktringscell
- tumörcell
- urcell
- värdcell
- växtcell
- äggcell
Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- cell in Svensk ordbok (SO)
- cell in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
- cell in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
Welsh
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Welsh kell, from Proto-Brythonic *kell, from Latin cella.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]cell f (plural celloedd, diminutive cellan)
Derived terms
[edit]Mutation
[edit]- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- English terms with homophones
- Rhymes:English/ɛl
- Rhymes:English/ɛl/1 syllable
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱel- (cover)
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms inherited from Old English
- English terms derived from Old English
- English terms derived from Latin
- English terms derived from Old French
- English terms derived from Proto-Italic
- English doublets
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- English terms with quotations
- English terms with historical senses
- English terms with usage examples
- en:Biology
- en:Botany
- en:Entomology
- English terms with obsolete senses
- English literary terms
- en:Meteorology
- en:Cellular automata
- en:Card games
- en:Communication
- en:Geometry
- en:Higher-dimensional geometry
- en:Statistics
- en:Architecture
- English verbs
- English transitive verbs
- English ellipses
- English clippings
- English compound terms
- American English
- New Zealand English
- Australian English
- Philippine English
- English informal terms
- en:Monasticism
- en:Rooms
- en:Telephony
- Dutch clippings
- Dutch terms borrowed from English
- Dutch terms derived from English
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch nouns
- Dutch nouns with plural in -s
- Dutch masculine nouns
- Surinamese Dutch
- Dutch colloquialisms
- Dutch terms with quotations
- French clippings
- French 1-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French lemmas
- French nouns
- French countable nouns
- French masculine nouns
- Quebec French
- French colloquialisms
- fr:Mobile phones
- fr:Telephony
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English nouns
- Old Irish terms borrowed from Latin
- Old Irish terms derived from Latin
- Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Irish lemmas
- Old Irish nouns
- Old Irish feminine nouns
- Old Irish ā-stem nouns
- Swedish terms derived from Latin
- Swedish terms with audio links
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish nouns
- Swedish common-gender nouns
- sv:Biology
- sv:Computing
- sv:Monasticism
- Welsh terms inherited from Middle Welsh
- Welsh terms derived from Middle Welsh
- Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic
- Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic
- Welsh terms derived from Latin
- Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation
- Welsh lemmas
- Welsh nouns
- Welsh countable nouns
- Welsh feminine nouns
- cy:Cytology
- cy:Prison