bir

See also: BIR, Bir, and bír

Afar

Temporal adverbs

Previous:	ambóyra
Next:	a bár

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbir/ [ˈbɪɾ]
• Hyphenation: bir

Adverb

bír

1. last night

Noun

bír m 

1. last night

Declension

Declension of bír
absolutive	bír
predicative	bíri
subjective	bír
genitive	birtí
Postpositioned forms l-case bíril k-case bírik t-case bírit h-case bírih

References

• E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “bir”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
• Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2004) Parlons Afar: Langue et Culture, L'Hammartan, →ISBN, page 37
• Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎^[2], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

Albanian

Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *bira, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (compare Old English byre, Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂 (baur, “son”)). Phonetically and semantically close to Messapic *bilia (“daughter”) and *biles (“son”), Matzinger reconstructs two different stems: pre-Albanian *bʰi-ro- and pre-Messapic *bʰi-lo-, both from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to grow, become”); compare Ancient Greek φῦλον (phûlon, “race, tribe”). (Can this^{( )} etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /biɾ/

Noun

bir m (plural bij, definite biri, definite plural bijtë)

1. son

Declension

Declension of bir

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	bir	biri	bij	bijtë
accusative		birin
dative	biri	birit	bijve	bijve
ablative			bijsh

Azerbaijani

Other scripts

Cyrillic		бир
Abjad		بیر

Azerbaijani numbers ^(edit)

		10
	←  0	1	2  →	10  →
Cardinal: bir     Ordinal: birinci

Etymology

From Old Anatolian Turkish بر (bir), ultimately from Proto-Turkic *bīr.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [bir]

• Audio:

  (file)

Numeral

bir

1. one

Derived terms

• bir daha (“once again, ever again”)
• bir də (“and; once again, ever again”)
• bir-bir (“one by one”)
• bir-birini (“each other”)
• birbaşa (“directly”)
• bircə (“one, sole”)
• birdən, birdən-birə (“suddenly”)
• birər

 

Bikol Central

Etymology

Borrowed from English beer.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbiɾ/ [ˈbiɾ]

Noun

bir

1. beer

   Synonym: serbesa

Cimbrian

Etymology

From Middle High German bier, from Old High German bior, from Proto-West Germanic *beuʀ, from Proto-Germanic *beuzą (“beer”). Cognate with German Bier, English beer. Doublet of bira.

Noun

bir n

1. (Luserna) beer

References

• “bir” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.

Crimean Tatar

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *bīr (“one”).

Numeral

Crimean Tatar cardinal numbers

	1	2  >
Cardinal : bir     Ordinal : birinci

bir

1. one

References

• Mirjejev, V. A., Usejinov, S. M. (2002) Ukrajinsʹko-krymsʹkotatarsʹkyj slovnyk [Ukrainian – Crimean Tatar Dictionary]‎^[3], Simferopol: Dolya, →ISBN

Gagauz

Gagauz cardinal numbers

	1	2  >
Cardinal : bir     Ordinal : birinci

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *bīr (“one”).

Article

bir

1. the indefinite article, a, an

Numeral

bir

1. one

Iban

Etymology

Borrowed from English beer.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bir/

Noun

bir

1. beer

Ili Turki

Ili Turki cardinal numbers

	1	2  >
Cardinal : bir

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *bīr.

Numeral

bir

1. one

Indonesian

Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch bier.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈbɪr]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: bir

Noun

bir (first-person possessive birku, second-person possessive birmu, third-person possessive birnya)

1. beer

Compounds

• bir pletok

 

Further reading

• “bir” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Javanese

Romanization

bir

1. Romanization of ꦧꦶꦂ

Jiiddu

Etymology

From Proto-Afroasiatic *bir- (“to burn brightly”)

Noun

bir

1. lighting

References

• Ehret, Christopher (1995), Reconstructing Proto-Afroasiatic, →ISBN, page 86

Karaim

Karaim cardinal numbers

	1	2  >
Cardinal : bir     Ordinal : birińči

Numeral

bir

1. one

References

1. dnathan.com

Malay

Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch bier.

Pronunciation

• (Johor-Selangor) IPA^(key): /be(r)/
• (Riau-Lingga) IPA^(key): /bɪ(r)/
• Rhymes: -be(r), -e(r)

Noun

bir (Jawi spelling بير, informal 1st possessive birku, 2nd possessive birmu, 3rd possessive birnya)

1. beer

   Synonym: arak

Maltese

Etymology

From Arabic بِئْر (biʔr).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /biːr/
• Rhymes: -iːr

Noun

bir m (plural bjar or birien, diminutive bwejra)

1. well
   • 1970, Anton Buttigieg, “Il-Pjazza”, in Fl-Arena:

     Kulħadd jimxi, kollox lajma,
     jirkeb biss xi sinjur kbir:
     bini l-għatx u tawni nixrob
     minn ġos-satal fuq il-bir.
     

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Middle English

Alternative forms

• bire, bur, byre

Etymology

From Old English byre (“strong wind, storm”).

Noun

bir (plural birs)

1. A strong or favorable wind.
   • c. 1540, Destruction of Troy:

     Were blouen to þe brode se in a bir swithe.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. An armed assault or sally; a clash or encounter; a blow or stroke; an attack or affliction.
   • c. 1540, Destruction of Troy:

     A ᵹonge knight..suet to þe Duke With a bir on þe brest, þat backeward he ᵹode.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

3. Violence; strength; fury.
   • c. 1400, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight:

     With alle þe bur in his body he ber hit on lofte.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

4. An onrush, swiftness.
   • 1425, Wycliffe Bible, Judges 5:22:

     Enemyes fledden with bire.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

5. A charge on an account.
   • 1415, Account Rolls of the Abbey of Durham:

     Item in l bir de debito versus Rad'm Forster, 13 d.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Descendants

• English: birr

References

• “bir(e, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Middle High German

Alternative forms

• bire, pir

Etymology

Inherited from Old High German bira, from Vulgar Latin pira, plural of Latin pirum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (before 13^th CE) /ˈbir/

Noun

bir f

1. pear

Declension

Declension of bir (feminine, weak)

	singular			plural
	indef.	def.	noun	def.	noun
nominative	ein	diu	bir	die	birn
genitive	einer	dër	birn	dër	birn
dative	einer	dër	birn	dën	birn
accusative	eine	die	birn	die	birn

Descendants

• Alemannic German: Biire
• Bavarian: Birn
• German: Birne
  • → Estonian: pirn
  • → Kashubian: birna
• Hunsrik: Bern
• Luxembourgish: Bir
• Vilamovian: biyn
• Yiddish: באַר (bar)

Old Irish

Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *beru.

Alternative forms

• biur

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [bʲir]

Noun

bir n (genitive bero or bera, nominative plural beura)

1. stake, spit, point; spear, spike
   • c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 67^b11

     beura glosses sudes (“stake”)

Declension

Neuter u-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	birN, biur	birL, biur	beuraL, bira
Vocative	birN, biur	birL, biur	beura
Accusative	birN, biur	birL, biur	beura
Genitive	beroH, beraH	beroN, beraN	beraeN
Dative	biurL, biur	beraib	beraib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: H = triggers aspiration L = triggers lenition N = triggers nasalization

Derived terms

• berach (“pointed”)

 

Descendants

• Irish: bior
• Scottish Gaelic: bior

Etymology 2

From Proto-Celtic *beru, *beruro- (“spring, well”), said by Matasović to likely be related to *brutus (“fermentation, boiling heat”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [bʲir]

Noun

bir (gender unknown, genitive unattested, nominative plural beru)

1. water, spring, well
   • c. 900, Sanas Cormaic, from the Yellow Book of Lecan, Corm. Y 158

     bir .i. uisce ... biror ⁊ inbir ⁊ tobur

     spring i.e. water ... watercress and rivermouth and well

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [bʲirʲ]

Verb

·bir

1. second-person singular present indicative conjunct of beirid

Mutation

Mutation of bir

radical	lenition	nasalization
bir	bir pronounced with /β(ʲ)-/	mbir

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from Hungarian bér.

Noun

bir n (plural biruri)

1. tribute
2. tax

Declension

	singular			plural
	indefinite	definite		indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	bir	birul		bire	birele
genitive-dative	bir	birului		bire	birelor
vocative	birule			birelor

Salar

Salar cardinal numbers

	1	2  >
Cardinal : bir     Ordinal : birinci

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *bīr.

Pronunciation

• (Xunhua, Qinghai, Ili, Xinjiang) IPA^(key): /pir/, /piɹ/
• (Xunhua, Qinghai) IPA^(key): /pəɹ/
• (Chahandusi, Ejia, Daowei, Xunhua, Qinghai) IPA^(key): /per/, /peɹ/

Numeral

bir

1. one

References

• 林莲云 [Lin Lianyun] (1985) “bir”, in 撒拉语简志 [A Brief History of Salar]‎^[4], Beijing: 民族出版社: 琴書店, →OCLC, page 14
• Tenishev, Edhem (1976) “bir”, in Stroj salárskovo jazyká [Grammar of Salar], Moscow, pages 302, 444
• 马伟 [Ma Wei], 朝克 [Chao Ke] (2014) “bir”, in 撒拉语366条会话读本 [Salar 366 Conversation Reader]‎^[5], 1^st edition, 社会科学文献出版社 [Social Science Literature Press], →ISBN, page 115
• 马伟 (Ma Wei), 朝克 (Chao Ke) (2016) “bir”, in 濒危语言——撒拉语研究 [Endangered Languages ​​- Salar Language Studies], 青海 (Qinghai): 国家社会科学基金项目 (National Social Science Foundation Project), page 296

Scottish Gaelic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /piɾʲ/

Interjection

bir

1. onomatopoeic alarm noise of a gannet when attacked at night

References

• Edward Dwelly (1911) “bir”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎^[6], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN

Sumerian

Romanization

bir

1. Romanization of 𒄵 (bir)

Tagalog

Etymology

Borrowed from English beer.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈbiɾ/ [ˈbiɾ]
• Rhymes: -iɾ
• Syllabification: bir

Noun

bir (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒᜇ᜔)

1. (colloquial) beer

   Synonym: (dated or formal) serbesa

Derived terms

• magbir

 

Turkish

Turkish numbers ^(edit)

		10
	←  0	1	2  →	10  →
Cardinal: bir     Ordinal: birinci     Distributive: birer

Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish بر (bir, “one”), from Old Anatolian Turkish بر (bir, “one”), from Proto-Turkic *bīr (“one”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰋𐰃𐰼 (b²ir² /⁠bir⁠/).

Pronunciation

• Standard:
  • IPA^(key): (all meanings) /bir/, [biɾ̞̊]
• Colloquial:
  • IPA^(key): (determiner and pronoun) /bɪ/, [bɪ]
  • IPA^(key): (adjective) /bɪr/, [bɪr]

• Audio:

  (file)

Numeral

bir

1. one

Adjective

bir

1. one

Adverb

bir

1. only, solely, merely

Determiner

bir

1. a, an

   Synonyms: (colloquial) bi', bi

Pronoun

bir

1. some

Noun

bir (definite accusative biri, plural birler)

1. mono
2. single

Declension

Inflection
Nominative	bir
Definite accusative	biri
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	bir	birler
Definite accusative	biri	birleri
Dative	bire	birlere
Locative	birde	birlerde
Ablative	birden	birlerden
Genitive	birin	birlerin
Possessive forms Nominative Singular Plural 1st singular birim birlerim 2nd singular birin birlerin 3rd singular biri birleri 1st plural birimiz birlerimiz 2nd plural biriniz birleriniz 3rd plural birleri birleri Definite accusative Singular Plural 1st singular birimi birlerimi 2nd singular birini birlerini 3rd singular birini birlerini 1st plural birimizi birlerimizi 2nd plural birinizi birlerinizi 3rd plural birlerini birlerini Dative Singular Plural 1st singular birime birlerime 2nd singular birine birlerine 3rd singular birine birlerine 1st plural birimize birlerimize 2nd plural birinize birlerinize 3rd plural birlerine birlerine Locative Singular Plural 1st singular birimde birlerimde 2nd singular birinde birlerinde 3rd singular birinde birlerinde 1st plural birimizde birlerimizde 2nd plural birinizde birlerinizde 3rd plural birlerinde birlerinde Ablative Singular Plural 1st singular birimden birlerimden 2nd singular birinden birlerinden 3rd singular birinden birlerinden 1st plural birimizden birlerimizden 2nd plural birinizden birlerinizden 3rd plural birlerinden birlerinden Genitive Singular Plural 1st singular birimin birlerimin 2nd singular birinin birlerinin 3rd singular birinin birlerinin 1st plural birimizin birlerimizin 2nd plural birinizin birlerinizin 3rd plural birlerinin birlerinin
Predicative forms Singular Plural 1st singular birim birlerim 2nd singular birsin birlersin 3rd singular bir birdir birler birlerdir 1st plural biriz birleriz 2nd plural birsiniz birlersiniz 3rd plural birler birlerdir

Further reading

• bir in Reverso (Turkish-English)

Turkmen

Turkmen numbers ^(edit)

		10
	←  0	1	2  →	10  →
Cardinal: bir     Ordinal: birinji

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bīr (“one”). Azerbaijani bir, Turkish bir.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bɪɾ/
• Hyphenation: bir

Numeral

bir

1. one

Declension

Declension of bir

	singular	plural
nominative	bir	birler
accusative	biri	birleri
genitive	biriň	birleriň
dative	bire	birlere
locative	birde	birlerde
ablative	birden	birlerden

Uzbek

Uzbek numbers ^(edit)

		10
	←  0	1	2  →	10  →
Cardinal: bir     Ordinal: birinchi

Etymology

Inherited from Chagatai بر (bir /⁠bir⁠/, “one”), from Proto-Turkic *bīr (“one”). Cognate with Uyghur بىر / bir / бир; Turkmen bir, Azerbaijani بیر / бир / bir, Turkish bir; Old Uyghur 𐽼𐽶𐽾 (pyr /⁠bir⁠/), Old Turkic 𐰋𐰃𐰼 (b²ir² /⁠bir⁠/); Yakut биир (biir), Dolgan биир (biir); etc.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bɪr/, [bɪ̈r]
• Hyphenation: bir

Numeral

Other scripts
Yangi Imlo
Cyrillic	бир‍
Latin	bir‍
Perso-Arabic (Afghanistan)	بیر

bir

1. one

Volapük

Alternative forms

• bil (an older term (now obsolete) for "beer", the word bil now means "bile" in reformed Volapük)

Etymology

Reformed in the 1920s from bil, to make it more like its etymons.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bir/, [biɾ]

Noun

bir (nominative plural birs)

1. beer

Declension

declension of bir

	singular	plural
nominative	bir	birs
genitive	bira	biras
dative	bire	bires
accusative	biri	biris
vocative 1	o bir!	o birs!
predicative 2	biru	birus

• ¹ status as a case is disputed
• ² in later, non-classical Volapük only

Derived terms

• biröp
• hodabir
• vuitabir