User:TheSilverWolf98/Proto-Salishan Flora

Notes

All lemmas on this page are transcribed in my own pan-Salishan notation, as opposed to the specific orthography of each language. This is to aid in seeing the phonetic values in the words and to make it easier to compare sounds between languages. The forms of the words used on Wiktionary may differ from what is written here for that reason - just be aware that they represent the same set of sounds. This pan-Salishan notation is very similar to the systems used in most scientific papers and is more intuitive than the native orthographies from an academic perspective.

Symbols used here are as follows:

Vowels:

a e i o u ə ɛ ʌ

Stress is shown with an acute accent, long vowels are shown with a macron.

Consonants:

k t s /s/ c /t͡s/ p q z č /t͡ʃ/ š /ʃ/ χ ɣ ʔ ŋ w y /j/ n m l ł /ɬ/ ƛ' /tɬˀ/ ɡ ʕ d b dz tθ' x h

Lexicon

Alder

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Lower Chehalis: ləm'-
  • ⇒ Lower Chehalis: ləm'áł (contains tree suffix -n'ł ~ -áł ~ -əł)
  • Upper Chehalis: lamáł

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Lushootseed: yəsáwi
  • Halkomelem: wásewey (Upriver dialect)
  • Squamish: yásawʔi, yásaw'ay
• Interior Salish:
  • Northern Interior Salish:
    • Lillooet: zásawaz'
    • Thompson: zəsuʔséłp

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Southern Interior Salish:
    • Okanagan: k'iʔk'iʔtn'íłp
    • Montana Salish: č'itč'itən'é (Flathead dialect), č'ič'itnéłp (Spokane dialect)

[Term?]

Derives from a root meaning "green".

• Coast Salish:
  • Songhees: kʷəlálaʔə́ɬp
  • Halkomelem: kʷulálaʔułp (Island dialect)
  • Comox: kʷ'úłʔay'
  • Squamish: kʷlúlʔay
  • Saanich: kʷəlalʔałp
• Interior Salish:
  • Northern Interior Salish:
    • Shuswap: kʷleʔéłp
    • Thompson: kʷy'éłpš
    • Lillooet: kelúlʔaz' (Northern dialect)

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Halkomelem: kʷiʔkʷulaułp (Island dialect)
• Interior Salish:
  • Northern Interior Salish:
    • Shuswap: kʷakʔkʷtłp (Eastern dialect)

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Klallam: sqʷúŋəłč
  • Saanich: sqʷáŋəłč
  • Samish: sqʷóŋełč
  • Lummi: s'kwáng-ultsh (sqʷáŋəłč?)

Alpine Larch (Larix Lyallii)

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Montana Salish: sčtxʷé caqʷəlš

Arrowleaf Balsamroot

(Borrowed from Sahaptian)

• Interior Salish:
  • Montana Salish: táqʷoʔ
  • Okanagan: táqʷaʔ

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Shuswap: čéč'elq

Ash

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Upper Chehalis: tawás-
  • ⇒ Upper Chehalis: tawásnł (contains tree suffix -nł)

[Term?] (derived from "paddle")

• Coast Salish:
  • Lushootseed: χʷúbt-
  • ⇒ Lushootseed: χʷúbtil (contains tree suffix -il)
  • Upper Chehalis: χʷúmt-
  • ⇒ Upper Chehalis: χʷúmtnł (contains tree suffix -nł)

Baneberry (Actaea sp.)

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Lushootseed: m'əc'əcdaliłəd

Bearberry (Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi)

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Thompson: ʔéyk

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Columbia-Wenatchi: šłəpíš

Berry (generic)

[Term?]

• Nanaimo: stθ’umum

Big Sagebrush (Artemisia Tridentata)

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Thompson: kéwkʷu

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Montana Salish: p'up'unéłp

Birch

*qʷəłin

• Coast Salish:
  • Squamish: qʷéłiʔn (“birch”)
• Interior Salish:
  • Shuswap: qʷłín (“birch, birch bark”)
  • Okanagan: qʷəqʷłín' (“birch”)

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Southern Interior Salish:
    • Coeur D'Alene: spičłená

Bitter Cherry (Prunus Emarginata)

[Term?] (tree)

• Interior Salish:
  • Lillooet: pṣụ́ṣạz'

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Shuswap: pekłén

[Term?] (tree)

• Interior Salish:
  • Lillooet: ʔíw'xʷaz'

[Term?] (bark)

• Interior Salish:
  • Lillooet: sʔíw'xʷ

Bitterroot

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Columbia-Wenatchi: sp'aƛ'm

Black Birch

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Coeur D'Alene: taχtaχqiłp

Black Camas

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Columbia-Wenatchi: ʔitχʷáʔ

Black Hawthorn (Crataegus Douglasii)

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Lillooet: q'ánaz'

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Montana Salish: sxʷeʔné

Blueberry

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Shuswap: šešepéłp

Blue Elder (Sambucus Cerulea)

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Coeur D'Alene: c'ékʷkʷalqʷ

Briar

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Coeur D'Alene: qál'χełp

Bulb

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Coeur D'Alene: p'exʷp'uxʷ

Bunch Grass

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Columbia-Wenatchi: qʷy'ʔúlxʷ

Buttercup

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Coeur D'Alene: stč'īháyus

Camas

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Halkomelem: spēnxʷ (Island dialect)

Cascara (Rhamnus Purshiana)

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Thompson: taχtaχyuk

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Upper Chehalis: xʷíʔxʷn'ł (contains tree suffix -n'ł ~ -áł ~ -əł)
  • Lower Chehalis: xʷíxʷən'ł (contains tree suffix -n'ł ~ -áł ~ -əł)

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Shuswap: łénłen

Cattail

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Lushootseed: ʔúlal

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Columbia-Wenatchi: q'ʷə́šq'ʷəs

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Halkomelem: st'θeʔqən (Island dialect)

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Shuswap: kʷetéłp

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Shuswap: č'lut

Cedar

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Coeur D'Alene: sk'ʷust

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Coeur D'Alene: k'ʷay'salqʷ

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Shuswap: qʷekʷtkʷłp

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Halkomelem: χpey' (Island dialect)
  • Lushootseed: χpayʔac

Chokecherry (Prunus Virginiana)

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Columbia-Wenatchi: pqal'χ

[Term?] (fruit)

• Interior Salish:
  • Shuswap: tekʷlóšeʔ

[Term?] (tree)

• Interior Salish:
  • Shuswap: tkʷel'šeʔéłp

Columbia Hawthorn (Crataegus Columbiana)

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Montana Salish: stəm'óq

Cottonwood (Populus Balsamifera)

[Term?]

• Interior Salish: *mulx
  • Okanagan: múlx
  • Thompson: múyx (“shrub”)
  • Lillooet: múlx (“stick”)
  • Shuswap: mulx
  • Montana Salish: múlš
  • Coeur D'Alene: mulš

*nVq'ʷ-

• Interior Salish:
  • Lillooet: neq'ʷníq'ʷaz'
• Coast Salish:
  • Squamish: q'ʷeníq'ʷay
  • Lower Chehalis: níq'ʷəł

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Halkomelem: čewọłp

Cranberry (Vaccinium Oxycoccos)

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Coeur D'Alene: ʔilč

[Term?]

• Lower Chehalis: ʔasúlm'əš
• Quinault: ʔəsúuməš

[Term?]

• Cowlitz: χántmx ~ łántmx
• Upper Chehalis: χántm

Crop

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Okanagan: sk'ʷanłq
  • Columbia-Wenatchi: sk'ʷún'łq
  • Shuswap: šk'ʷen'łq
  • Thompson: šk'ʷén'łq

Dogwood

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Coeur D'Alene: céqʷqʷalqʷ

Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga Menziesii)

[Term?] (derived from "tree")

• Interior Salish:
  • Lillooet: sɣapʔúl

[Term?] (derived from "sticky")

• Interior Salish: *c'q'-
  • Lillooet: c'q'áq'łəp
  • Thompson: c'q'áłp
  • Shuswap: čq'éłp
  • Okanagan: cq'íłp
  • Columbia-Wenatchi: c'q'áłp

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Lushootseed: čəbidac

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Halkomelem: lā́yełp

Douglas Onion

(Borrowed from Sahaptian)

• Interior Salish:
  • Montana Salish: séhč
  • Columbia-Wenachti: saʕk
  • Okanagan: sack

Eelgrass

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Squamish: xelm

Fern

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Coeur D'Alene: tímuʔ

Fir (Abies sp.)

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Comox: t'úʔxʷay (Pacific Silver Fir (Abies Amabilis))
  • Sechelt: t'úxʷay (Pacific Silver Fir (Abies Amabilis))
  • Squamish: t'úʔxʷay' (Grand Fir (Abies Grandis))
  • Halkomelem: t'áʔxʷ (Grand Fir (Abies Grandis))
  • Lushootseed: t'úxʷ (Grand Fir (Abies Grandis))

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Squamish: kʷéxʷmay' (Pacific Silver Fir (Abies Amabilis))

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Straits Salish:
    • Saanich: sqʷəméy'əqs (Grand Fir (Abies Grandis))

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Comox: χáχmaθay
  • Sechelt: χáχmacay

Flower

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Squamish: spáq'em
  • Halkomelem: sp'eq'əm (Island dialect)

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Coeur D'Alene: sgʷárpəm

Fruit

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Thompson: šq'ʷíyt
  • Coeur D'Alene: sq'ʷulálgʷastq

Gooseberry

*t'aməxʷ

• Coast Salish:
  • Comox: t'ám'exʷ
  • Halkomelem: t'áamxʷ
  • Sechelt: st'amxʷ
  • Squamish: t'em'xʷ
• Interior Salish:
  • Coeur D'Alene: hnt'ít'm'el'ps
  • Shuswap: štxʷelxúxʷel'

Grass

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Coeur D'Alene: sq'ic'únm

Hay

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Coeur D'Alene: st'édeʔ

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Lushootseed: sqʷiqʷali

Hazelnut

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Cowlitz: k'ko'sas

Hemlock

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Lower Chehalis: k'ʷəxʷáł

Huckleberry (Vaccinium Globulare)

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Thompson: c'ále

*wənaʔχ

• Coast Salish:
  • Twana: wədʔaχ
• Interior Salish:
  • Shuswap: wenéx
  • Columbia-Wenatchi: sw'ə́naʔχ (“highbush blueberry”)

Juniper

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Lillooet: cíkcəktaz'

Leaf

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Cowlitz: pǝ́ckł

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Halkomelem: sc'ałaʔ (Island dialect)

Lodgepole Pine (Pinus Contorta)

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Sechelt: qaqelínay
• Interior Salish:
  • Lillooet: qʷlítaz'
  • Thompson: qʷiʔtéłp
  • Shuswap: qʷeqʷlíʔt
  • Okanagan: qʷəqʷəl'ít
  • Coeur D'Alene: qʷoqʷoʔlíʔt

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Halkomelem: kʷ’íkʷ’exʷełp (Upriver Dialect)

Maple (Generic)

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Southern Interior Salish:
    • Okanagan: spukʷmíłp

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Northern Interior Salish:
    • Shuswap: c'wéłten

Broadleaf Maple

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Halkomelem: q'umun'ułp (Island dialect); qʷ'emọ́włp (Upriver dialect)
  • Sechelt: q'émulay
• Interior Salish:
  • Northern Interior Salish:
    • Thompson: q'ám'nełp
    • Lillooet: q'emláoz'

Douglas Maple

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Thompson: hešq'ámnełp

Moss

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Halkomelem: qʷaam
  • Squamish: máqʷam

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Coeur D'Alene: séč'ečt

Oak

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Lower Chehalis: láck'án'ł (contains tree suffix -n'ł ~ -áł ~ -əł)

Oceanspray

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Lillooet: pácʔaz'

Onion

*qʷlawl

• Coast Salish:
  • Squamish: qʷuláwa
  • Klallam: qʷłúʔiʔ (“blue camas”)
  • Saanich: qʷłáal (“camas (Camassia sp.)”), qʷłáʔəl (“blue camas”)
• Interior Salish:
  • Shuswap: qʷléwe
  • Thompson: qʷléwe (“onion”)
  • Lillooet: qʷláwaʔ
  • Okanagan: qʷeláwi
  • Montana Salish: qʷlíwyeʔ

Oregon Grape

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Lower Chehalis: ƛ'íč'tən'əł

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Coeur D'Alene: sqʷéyuʔ

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Shuswap: šč'el'šáłp

Pacific Yew (Taxus Brevifolia)

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Klallam: ƛ'əŋ'q'áłč
  • Saanich: ƛ'əŋ'q'íłč
• Interior Salish:
  • Lillooet: ƛ'əmq'áz'

[Term?] (derived from "bow")

• Coast Salish:
  • Halkomelem: təχʷaʔcəłp (Island dialect); téχʷecełp (Upriver dialect)
• Interior Salish:
  • Lillooet: təχʷʔacáz', təχʷʔacáłp

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Comox: kʷɛʔɛtay (Mainland dialect)

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Lushootseed: c'əχbidac

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Okanagan: nəkʷnúkʷ

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Coeur D'Alene: ʕacečnálqʷ

Pea

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Halkomelem: ƛ'ikʷən' (Island dialect)

Ponderosa Pine

[Term?]

• Interior Salish: *sʔat-
  • Northern Interior Salish:
    • Lillooet: sʔápłqʷaoz', sʔápłqʷaz' (Northern Dialect)
    • Thompson: šʔétqʷłp
    • Shuswap: šʔetqʷłp
  • Southern Interior Salish:
    • Okanagan: sʔatqʷłp

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Coeur D'Alene: yáqʷeʔ, yʔátqʷełp

Potato

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Upper Chehalis: cáqʷł

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Okanagan: skʷn'kʷín'm
  • Columbia-Wenatchi: čkʷən'kʷín'əm

*sqawc

• Coast Salish:
  • Halkomelem: sqewθ (Island dialect)
  • Upper Chehalis: qáawim'
• Interior Salish:
  • Northern Interior Salish:
    • Lillooet: sqawc
  • Southern Interior Salish:
    • Montana Salish: sqáqwcn
    • Okanagan: sqáqawcn
    • Coeur D'Alene: sqígʷts

Raspberry

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Coeur D'Alene: hnhalācéʔ

Red Osier Dogwood (Cornus Sericea)

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Coeur D'Alene: sxʷāyápaʔqn

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Coeur D'Alene: stíčcxʷ

Rocky Mountain Juniper (Juniperus Scopulorum)

*punłəp

• Interior Salish:
  • Lillooet: púnłp, púnłəp
  • Okanagan: púnłp
  • Shuswap: punłp

Root

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Halkomelem: kʷəmləxʷ (Island dialect)

Rosehip

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Coeur D'Alene: cuxʷcuxʷsxʷeyípeʔ

Serviceberry (Amelanchier Alnifolia)

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Columbia-Wenatchi: šyáyaʔ

Sitka Spruce (Picea Sitchensis)

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Lillooet: cáχaz'

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Shuswap: t'šełp

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Lushootseed: c'əlqáy'ac
  • Halkomelem: c'qʷ'éłp (Upriver Dialect)

Soapberry (Shepherdia Canadensis)

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Southern Interior Salish:
    • Columbia-Wenatchi: šχʷusm

Stinging Nettle

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Lower Chehalis: łəxʷím'áł

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Halkomelem: st'θəχt'θəχ (Island dialect)

Strawberry

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Northern Interior Salish:
    • Shuswap: tqetq'eʔéłp
  • Southern Interior Salish:
    • Columbia-Wenatchi: tq'ím'tq'im

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Southern Interior Salish:
    • Coeur D'Alene: scáqʷm

Subalpine Fir (Abies Lasiocarpa)

[Term?] (derived from "medicine")

• Interior Salish:
  • Northern Interior Salish:
    • Lillooet: mə̣ḷínłəp
    • Shuswap: melénłp
  • Southern Interior Salish:
    • Montana Salish: maníłp
    • Okanagan: məríłp

Sunflower

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Southern Interior Salish:
    • Coeur D'Alene: smúkʷeʔšn

Tamarack

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Northern Interior Salish:
    • Shuswap: číqʷeltxʷ
  • Southern Interior Salish:
    • Okanagan: cíqʷəlx
    • Coeur D'Alene: céqʷlš
    • Montana Salish: caqʷəlš

Tree

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Halkomelem: θqā́t (Upriver dialect); θqet (Island dialect)
  • Squamish: scəq
  • Nooksack: cqet
  • Lower Chehalis: cəqáł
• Interior Salish:
  • Northern Interior Salish:
    • Thompson: šɣə́p, šyə́p
    • Lillooet: šɣap
    • Shuswap: čɣep
  • Southern Interior Salish:
    • Okanagan: cəyíp

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Southern Interior Salish:
    • Columbia-Wenatchi: ʔačpáƛ'

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Klallam: sqiyáyŋxʷ
  • Saanich: sqəlélŋəxʷ
  • Songhees: sqəlélŋəxʷ
  • Samish: sqelálŋexʷ
  • Lummi: s'ki-lá-lung-hu

Unknown Tree

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Northern Interior Salish:
    • Lillooet: npsáxakaʔ

Western Red Cedar

[Term?] (branches)

• Interior Salish:
  • Southern Interior Salish:
    • Okanagan: məxiłp
    • Montana Salish: ṃšełp

[Term?] (wood)

• Interior Salish:
  • Northern Interior Salish:
    • Shuswap: ʔéštqʷ
  • Southern Interior Salish:
    • Okanagan: ʔástqʷ
    • Montana Salish: ástkʷ

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Northern Interior Salish:
    • Lillooet: čátawaz'

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Comox: χə́payʔ (Mainland dialect)
  • Halkomelem: χpey' (Island dialect), χpā́yełp (Upriver dialect)
  • Lushootseed: χpáyʔ
  • Klallam: xpáy
  • Sechelt: χəpáy
  • Saanich: χpéy'
  • Squamish: χpayʔ
  • Songhees: χpey

Whitebark Pine (Pinus Albicaulis)

*sc'ik'

• Interior Salish:
  • Northern Interior Salish:
    • Lillooet: c'kaz'
  • Southern Interior Salish:
    • Montana Salish: cč'éy'
    • Okanagan: sk'wk'w'iłp

White Camas

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Southern Interior Salish:
    • Columbia-Wenatchi: c'əχʷlúšaʔ

White Fir (Abies Concolor)

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Southern Interior Salish:
    • Coeur D'Alene: t'qałcnalqʷ

Wild Rose

[Term?]

• Coast Salish:
  • Lower Chehalis: c'əl'ápəpunł (contains tree suffix -n'ł ~ -áł ~ -əł)

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Southern Interior Salish:
    • Coeur D'Alene: sqáyapaʔ

Willow

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Southern Interior Salish:
    • Okanagan: paʕpaʕ'íłp

Wood

[Term?]

• Interior Salish:
  • Northern Interior Salish:
    • Thompson: šúypm

Yellow Cedar

*paxəlaqʷ

• Interior Salish:
  • Northern Interior Salish:
    • Lillooet: páxlaqʷ